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Title Written Posted Deleted
Japanese submarines of WWI Dec 2015 - -
British submarines of WWI Oct 2016 - -
French submarines of WWI Oct 2016 - -
German submarines of WWI Dec 2016 - -
Italian submarines of WWI Dec 2016 - -

Japanese submarines of WWI

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The first Japanese submarines were numbered consecutively on completion regardless of class/type; they were re-numbered between 1924 and 1927 according to a new classification scheme. Large (over 1000t displacement = First class (I-); Medium (500-1000t) = Second class (Ro-); Third class (under 500t) = Third class (Ha-).

Japanese submarines of World war I
Name Class Date of Launch ! Re-named/numbered Notes
…. (Third class / Ha
No. 8 C1 1908 Ha-1 sold 1928
No. 9 C1 1908 Ha-2 sold 1928
No. 10 C2 1911 Ha-3 sold 1928
No. 11 C2 1911 Ha-4 sold 1928
No. 12 C2 1911 Ha-5 sold 1928
No. 13 Fiat-Kawasaki 1912 Ha-6 sold 1928
No. 14 Laubeuf 1914 - taken over by French Navy as Armide
No. 14 Schneider Laubeuf 1918 Ha-9 built as replacement for previous vessel: sold 1928
No. 15 Schneider Laubeuf 1914 Ha-10 sold 1928
No. 16 C3 1910 Ha-7 sold 1928
No. 17 C3 1910 Ha-8 sold 1928
…... ( Second Class / Ro
No. 18 Fiat-Laurenti 1919 Ro-1 sold 1930
No. 19 K1 1917 Ro-11 sold 1931
No. 20 K1 1917 Ro-12 sold 1931
No. 21 Fiat Laurenti 1919 Ro-2 sold 1930
No. 22 K2 1919-20 Ro-13 hulked 1930, BU 1948
No. 23 K2 Ro-14 sold 1932
No. 24 K2 Ro-15 sold 1931
No. 25 L1 1919-20 Ro-51 sold 1940
No. 26 L1 Ro-52 sold 1932
No. 27 L2 1920-21 Ro-53 sold 1938
No. 28 L2 Ro-54 sold 1939
No. 29 L2 Ro-55 sold 1939
No. 30 L2 Ro-56 sold 1940
No. 31 Fiat-Laurenti 1919-21 Ro-3 sold 1930
No. 32 Fiat-Laurenti Ro-4 sold 1930
No. 33 Fiat-Laurenti Ro-5 sold 1930
No. 34 K3 1920-21 Ro-16 sold 1932
No. 35 K3 Ro-17 sold 1936
No. 36 K3 Ro-18 hulked 1936, BU 1948
No. 37 K3 Ro-19 sold 1936
No. 38 K3 Ro-20 sold 1932
No. 39 K3 Ro-21 sold 1932
No. 40 K3 Ro-22 sold 1932
No. 41 K3 Ro-23 sold 1932
No. 42 K3 Ro-24 sold 1932
No. 43 K3 Ro-25 sold 1936
No. 44 KD1 I-51 sold 1940
No. 45 K4 1921-22 Ro-26 hulked 1940, BU 1948
No. 46 L3 1921-22 Ro-57 BU 1946
No. 47 L3 Ro-58 BU 1946
No. 48 KRS I-21 BU c.1946
No. 49 KRS I-22 sunk 10.6.45
No. 50 KRS I-23 sunk ? 29.8.42
No. 51 KD2 I-52 Training 1940, BU 1948
No. 57 L3 Ro-59 BU c.1946
No. 58 K4 1921-22 Ro-27 hulked 1940, BU 1947
No. 59 L4 1922-24 Ro-60 lost 29.12.41
60, 61 ?
No. 62 K4 Ro-28
No.63-67 K4 - - cancelled
No. 68 KT Ro-29 sold 1936
No. 69 KT Ro-30 BU 1947
No. 70 KT Ro-31 scuttled 5.4.46
No. 71 KT Ro-32 BU 1947
No. 72 L4 Ro-61 sunk 31.8.42
No. 73 L4 Ro-62 BU c.1946
No. 74 J1 I-1 sunk 29.1.43
No. 75 J1 I-2 sunk 7.4.44
No. 76 J1 I-3 sunk 9/10.12.42
No. 77 – 83 ?
No. 84 L4 Ro-63 BU c.1946

British submarines of WWI

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The British submarine fleet of the First World War was, at the start of hostilities, the largest in  the world, with some 100 vessels in commission and ... under construction, despite being a new service (just 12 years old from the first submarine commissioned). During the conflict the RN produced a large number of standard vessels, as well as a range of innovative vessels for the various tasks the submarine was thought suitable for; many of these were ahead of their time.

Classes

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  • Holland class: ordered in 1901, built under licence from John Holland's Electric Boat company by Vickers of Barrow. 5 vessels built, each showing incremental changes towards a design acceptable to the Royal Navy. Single-hulled, petrol/electric engines, no conning tower, little reserve of buoyancy (2% only). Stricken prior to 1914.
  • A class: 13 vessels built under … programme, completed in … . The first Admiralty type (known as Vickers type overseas), built by Vickers. 190t surface displacement, around 100ftin length.
  • B-class: 11 vessels built under … programme, completed in 1904-6. Larger than A-class, to improve handling and sea-keeping. Had forward hydroplanes added during construction; first mounted on the conning tower, later moved to bow, which became part of standard design for future. No internal bulkheads which affeccted habitability. Improved buoyancy (10%) 287t, 142ft
  • C class: 38 vessels built under … programme, completed in 1905-10. built by Vickers and at RN Dockyard, Chatham. Buoyancy 10%, 287t, 143ft
  • D class: 10 vessels ordered under … programme, 8 completed between 1907-10, while the last 2 became first of E class. Intended to operate beyond coastal waters, had diesel engines, twin screws, saddle tanks, improved habitability, res buoyancy 20%. Also fitted with a deck gun, in a disappearing mount; this feature was later discarded, and deck guns were mounted on the hull. Built by Vickers and at RN Dockyard, Chatham.483 t,  163ft
  • E class: ordered under … programme, 15 built up to outbreak of war; design became standard as war emergency orders increased numbers to 58. Design improvements led to division into 3 sub-classes as war progressed. Built by 12 different yards as expertise in submarine construction was spread. Followed by L class. 665T, 175ft
  • S, W, and V classes: Three small classes ordered to examine overseas design types. S class (3 boats) built by Scotts to Italian Laurenti design; W class (4 boats) built by Whitworths to French Laubeuf design; V class (3 boats) built by Vickers to their own design for comparison. Double-hulled, 400-ish tons
  • F class: Ordered 1913, 3 built, 5 csncelled. coastal submarine Admiralty design based on trials of S, W and V types.
  • G class: 15 ordered ? under War Emergency programme. Intended as ocean-going vessels, built with partial double hull to improve sea-keeping, though further modifications found necessary. Built by 4 yards; 1 from Whites cancelled. 703t, 187ft
  • H class: ordered from EBC in US under WE Programme. Holland-type, single hulled. Fell foul of US neutrality laws; 10 built in Canada under licence, but a further 10 built in US were impounded. Later, when US entered the war, another 24 built in Britain 1917-18
  • Nautilus (N1), Swordfish (S1) ordered .... experimental boats, built as Fleet Submarine prototypes. Nautilus diesel/electric, kn t ft. Swordfish steam/electric kn t ft.
  • J class: 8 ordered ? 1914 programme 6 completed 1916, 1 more 1917. Followed on from N, intended as Fleet submarine. Enlarged hull to accommodate three shaft power plant. Max surface speed 19kn, not fast enough for fleet operations. 1200T, 274ft
  • K class: designed 1913, but not laid down until trials with N&S completed; ordered 1915, completed 1917 onwards. 17 boats, 4 cancelled (built as M class). steam powered, double-hulled, res buoyancy 32.5%  24kn 1980t 339ft
  • L class: ordered ..., improved E-class design. 73 planned, 27 completed 1917-19. 3 sub-classes. 890t, 222ft
  • M class: ordered ... designed as submarine monitor; carried 12in gun.
  • R class: ordered … 12 built 1917-18. Designed as hunter-killer, with high submerged performance; streamlined, large battery cap = 21kn submerged. 420t, 163ft

Notes

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References

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  • Gardiner R, Gray R: Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1906-1921 (1985) ISBN 085177 245 5
  • Moore, J: Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I (1919, reprinted 2003) ISBN 1 85170 378 0
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[[Category:World War I submarines of Britain|*

French submarines of WWI

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The French submarine fleet of FWW was one of the largest, after the RN, and the most diverse. The French Navy had a long history of/experience with submarines and had built up a large and diverse fleet of vessels. At the outbreak of hostilities there were … in service and another … under construction. By 1914 the FN had already built, operated and stricken as obsolescent some 30 vessels. At the wars end France had lost … submarines, and had built ….

Classes

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  • pioneering submarines: P G M  N  stricken by 1914
  • Farfadet class: 4 vessels, Maugas type built at stricken by 1914
  • Morse class: 2 vessels, Romazotti type built at stricken by 1914
  • Sirene class: 4 vessels, Laubeuf type built at
  • Naiade class: 20 vessels, Romazotti type, built at.. stricken by 1914
  • X, Y, Z : three experimental vessels
  • Aigrette : 2 vessels,Laubeuf type; built at Toulon
  • Omega/Argonaute : one vessel, Bertin type; built at
  • Emeraude : 5 vessels, Maugas type; built at
  • Circe : 2 vessels, Laubeuf type; built at
  • Guepe : vessels, type; built at
  • Pluviose : 18 vessels, Laubeuf type; built at C, R, T

(mod Emeraude

  • Brumaire : 16 vessels, Laubeuf type; built at C, R, T
  • Archimede : one vessel, Hutter type; built at Cherbourg
  • Mariotte : one vessel, Radiguet type; built at
  • Adm Bourgois : one vessel, Bourdelle type; built at
  • Charles Brun : one vessel, Maurice type; built at
  • Clorinde : 2 vessels, Radiguet type; built at Rochefort
  • Gustave Zede : 2 vessels, Simonet type; built at Cherbourg two vessels, differ in power plant; GZ steam/electric, Nereide diesel/electric
  • Amphitrite : vessels, type; built at ?
  • Bellone : vessels, type; built at ?
  • Dupuy du Lome : 2 vessels, type; built at ?
  • Diane : 2 vessels, Hutter type; built at Toulon
  • Armide : 3 vessels, Laubeuf type; built at Schneider
  • Joessel : 2 vessels, Simonet type; built at Cherbourg
  • Lagrange : 4 vessels, Hutter type; built at Toulon

Notes

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References

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  • Gardiner R, Gray R: Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1906-1921 (1985) ISBN 085177 245 5
  • Moore, J: Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I (1919, reprinted 2003) ISBN 1 85170 378 0
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[[Category:World War I submarines of France|

Italian submarines of WWI

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The Italian submarine fleet of WWI was a large and diverse force, representing the Regia Marina's long experience with submarines. At the outbreak of hostilities there were … in service and another … under construction. At the wars end Italy had lost … submarines, and had built ….

Classes

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Italian submarines of World war I (early)
Class Year Number Notes
Delphino 1894 . Pullino type
Glauco 1905 5 built at Venice Fiat-Laurenti type
Foca 1908 1 built at La Spezia FL type
Argo 1912 6 x4 built at CR, Spezia , x2 at Orlando, Leghorn: FL type
Ferraris 1913 2 built at .. Cavallini type
Italian submarines of World war I (coastal)
Class Year Number Notes
Atropo 1912 1 built at GW type
Argonaut 1914 1 built at Spezia for IRN; taken over at outbreak of war. FL type
S class . . ex-British, built Scotts Greenock to L design
W class . . ex-British, built Whitworth's ?Selby to Fr (Laubeuf) design
X1 . . ex-German, captured 1915 and re-commissioned UC type
X2 1916 2 built at Spezia to modified German (UC type) design
Pacinotti 1915 . built at FL type
Balilla 1915 . built for IGN, taken over at outbreak of war. FL type
Italian submarines of World war I (sea/ocean-going)
Class Year Number Notes
Barbarigo 19.. 4 sea/ocean-going built at Spezia FL type
Emo 19.. 6 built at Spezia NY Cavallini type
Italian submarines of World war I (coastal)
Class Year Number Notes
Nautilus 1913 . built at Venice, Bernardis type
A class 19.. 6 built at type
B class 19... 3 built at type
F class 19.. 18 built at FL type
N class 19.. 6 x4 built at Ansaldo, Spezia, x2 built by Tosi, Taranto: Bernardis type
Holland class 1916 8 built at FSG Spezia, Odero Sestri P, Holland type

Notes

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References

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  • Gardiner R, Gray R: Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1906-1921 (1985) ISBN 085177 245 5
  • Moore, J: Jane’s Fighting Ships of World War I (1919, reprinted 2003) ISBN 1 85170 378 0
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[[Category:World War I submarines of Italy|

German submarines of WWI

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The German U-boat fleet of WWI, after a modest beginning, grew to be the largest of the conflict and was active /instrumental in prosecuting the IGN's commerce war (handelskrieg) against Britain and her allies.

Classes

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German submarines of World war I
Number Class Type Project Year Numbers Notes
U1  U1 ?standard/GW  ? 1906  1  petrol engine
U2 U2  ?Navy/KWD  ? ? 1 "
U3-4   U3   ?  ? ?   2 "
U5-8  U5  ? ? ? 4 " 
U9-12   U9 ? ? ? 4 "
U13-15  U13 ? ? ? 4 " 
U16  U16  ? ? ? 1 "
U17-18   U17  ?   20 ? 2 "
U19-22  U19 ? ? ? 4 diesel
U23-26  U23  ? ? ? 4 "
U27-30  U27  ? ? ? 4 "
UA  UA  UA/GW  GW  1914  1   ex Norwegian
U31-41  U31  ? ? 1914 10 .
U42  U42  Fiat-Laurenti   .  1914  1  not delivered
U43-50  U43  Ms  25  1914 8 .
U51-56  U51 . . . . .
U57-62  U57 Ms 25 1915 6  improved U27
U63-65  U63 Ms 25 1915  3  improved U56
U66-70 U66 UD ? 1915  5    ex Austrian (KuK)
U71-72 U71 UEI /Vulcan  38 1915  2  minelayer
U73-74 ? UEI /KWD  . 1915  2 "
U75-80 ? UEI /Vulcan . 1915 6 "
U81-86 U81   Ms    ?25 1915  6   improved U65
U87-92  U87   Ms     25   1915  6    improved U50
U93-95   U93 ? ? ? 3 ?
U96-98   U93 ? ? ? 3 ?
U99-104 U57 ? ? ? 6 ?
U105-114 U93 ? ? ? 10 ?
U115-116 U115  Ms /Howaldt  43 ?1916 2 cancelled
U117-121 U117  UEII   45 . 5 .
U122-126 ?U117  UEII . . 5 .
U127-134 ?U127 Large Ms 42 ?1917  8  unfinished
U135-138 ?127/135 Large Ms  42 . 4 .
U139-141 U139  U-cruiser 46 . 3 .
U142  U142 U-cruiser 46a . 1 .
U143-150 U142   U-cruiser 46a 1918  8   unfinished
U151-157 U151 U-cruiser 34  1917   7    converted merchant sub
U158-159  U135 Large Ms ?42 1918  2  unfinished
U160-172   U135 Large Ms ?42 1918  12    unfinished
U173-200   U142   U-cruiser ?46a 1918 28    unfinished
U201-212   U93    Ms ?25  1918  12  unfinished
U213-218 ?U135 Large Ms    42a 1918  6   unfinished
U219-224 ?U135 Large Ms    42a 1918  6  unfinished
U225-228 ?U135 Large Ms    42a   1918    4  unfinished

Notes

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References

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  • Roessler, Eberhard : The U-Boat: The evolution and technical history of German submarines 1975 (eng 1981, rep 2001 Cassell/Arms&Armour) ISBN 0-304-36120-8
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[[Category: World War I submarines of Germany|

Russian submarines of WWI

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Pioneering vessels (19th century)

Name Builder Launched lost or disposed Notes
Nikonov Yefim Nikonov (ru) 1720 ? Build for Peter the Great in Russia.
Schilder (ru) Karl Schilder (ru) 1834 ? Demonstrated to Tsar Nicholas I in Russia.
Gern Ottomar Gern 1854 ? Fate unknown.
Seeteufel Wilhelm Bauer 1856 1856 Numerous successful dives; lost in diving
Alexandrovski Ivan Alexandrovski (ru) 1865 ? Demonstrated to Tsar Alexander II in Russia.
Drzewiecki Stefan Drzewiecki 1877 ? Human powered, model in the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk.
Drzewiecki Stefan Drzewiecki 1879 ? Converted from human powered to electric propulsion by Drzewiecki in 1884, it is on display in the Central Naval Museum in Saint Petersburg.
Drzewiecki submarine series (ru) Stefan Drzewiecki 1881 1891 A class of 50 boats built for harbour defence and withdrawn from service in 1891.
Vodobronnogo Stefan Drzewiecki 1893 ? (link to topwar article disallowed)
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