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Coordinates: 42°26′52″N 71°52′07″W / 42.44778°N 71.86861°W / 42.44778; -71.86861
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Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke
Le site Fleurimont du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke en 2007
Geography
Location3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
Coordinates42°26′52″N 71°52′07″W / 42.44778°N 71.86861°W / 42.44778; -71.86861
Organization
TypeCentre hospitalier universitaire
Affiliated universityUniversité de Sherbrooke
Services
Emergency departmentCentre de trauma niveau II
Beds677
Links
Websitewww.chus.qc.ca
ListsHospitals in Canada

Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and a biomedical research facility located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.[1] It is the third oldest general hospital in the United States and the oldest and largest hospital in New England with 950 beds.[1] Massachusetts General Hospital conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $750 million. It is currently ranked as the #2 hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.[2]

History

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Further information: Massachusetts General Hospital, Bulfinch Building

Founded in 1811,[3] the original hospital was designed by the famous American architect Charles Bulfinch.[4] It is the third-oldest general hospital in the United States; only Pennsylvania Hospital (1751) and NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (1771) are older.[3] John Warren, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at Harvard Medical School, spearheaded the move of the medical school to Boston. Warren's son, John Collins Warren, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh Medical School, along with James Jackson, led the efforts to start the Massachusetts General Hospital, which was initially proposed in 1810 by Rev. John Bartlett, the Chaplain of the Almshouse in Boston. Because all those who had sufficient money were cared for at home, Massachusetts General Hospital, like most hospitals that were founded in the 19th century, was intended to care for the poor.[5] During the mid-to-late 19th century, Harvard Medical School was located adjacent to Massachusetts General Hospital.

The first American hospital social workers were based in the hospital.[6]

The hospital's work with developing specialized computer software systems for medical use in the 1960s led to the development of the MUMPS programming language, which stands for "Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System," an important programming language and data-base system heavily used in medical applications such as patient records and billing. A major patient database system called File Manager, which was developed by the Veterans Administration (now the Department of Veterans' Affairs), was created using this language.

Early use of anesthesia

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Monument in Boston commemorating Morton's demonstration of ether's anesthetic use.

It was in the Ether Dome of MGH in October 1846,[4] that a local dentist, William Thomas Green Morton, was invited to perform a public demonstration of the administration of inhaled ether to produce insensibility to pain during surgery.[4] Several years prior, Dr. Crawford Long of Danielsville, Georgia had given ether for surgery, but his work was unknown outside Georgia until he published his experience in 1849. On 16 October 1846, after administration of ether by Morton, MGH Chief of Surgery, John Collins Warren, painlessly removed a tumor from the neck of a local printer, Edward Gilbert Abbott.[4] Upon completion of the procedure, which was without screaming or restraint, the usually skeptical Warren reportedly quipped, "Gentlemen, this is no humbug." News of this "anesthesia" invention rapidly traveled within months around the world.[7]

A reenactment of the Ether Dome event was painted in 2000 by artists Warren and Lucia Prosperi. They used the then-MGH staff to pose as their counterparts from 1846.[8] The Ether Dome still exists[4] and is open to the public.

An anesthesia department was established at the MGH in 1936 under the leadership of Henry Knowles Beecher.

Facilities and current operations

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The Bulfinch Building as it appeared in 1941, including the Ether Dome.
The Bulfinch Building: State of the Art from the Start.

The main MGH campus is located at 55 Fruit Street in Boston, Massachusetts. It has expanded into an area formerly known as the West End, adjacent to the Charles River and Beacon Hill. The hospital handles over one million outpatients each year at its main campus, as well as its seven satellite facilities in Boston at Back Bay, Charlestown, Chelsea, Everett, Revere, Waltham and Danvers. With more than 14,000 employees, the hospital is the largest non-governmental employer in Boston.[9]

The hospital has 907 beds and admits over 47,000 patients each year.[2] The surgical staff performs over 34,000 operations yearly.[10] The obstetrics service handles over 3,500 births each year.[11] The Massachusetts General Hospital Trauma Center is the oldest and largest American College of Surgeons-verified Level One Trauma Center in New England,[12] evaluating and treating over 2600 trauma patients per year.[13] Architect Hisham N. Ashkouri, working in conjunction with Hoskins Scott Taylor and Partners, provided the space designs and schematics for the pediatrics, neonatal intensive care, and in-patient related floors, as well as the third floor surgical suites and support facilities. In the fall of 2004, the Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care (named for Jean R. Yawkey) opened. This 380,000-square-foot (35,000 m2) ten-floor facility is the largest and most comprehensive outpatient building in New England.[14] In 2011, the Lunder Building, a 530,000 square foot, 14-floor building opened. The building houses three floors of operating rooms, an expanded emergency room, radiation oncology suites, inpatient neurology and neurosurgery floors, and inpatient oncology floors; all of which increase the inpatient capacity by 150 beds.

Since 1994, MGH has been awarded the most research funding for an independent hospital by the National Institutes of Health,[15] receiving over $285 million alone in 2004.[16] MGH is also home to the world-renowned Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center.

MGH is affiliated with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute through Dana-Farber/Partners Cancer Care and the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center.[17]

The closest MBTA stop to the main campus is Charles/MGH on the Red Line. On March 27, 2007, the new Charles/MGH station was opened with new renovations, including handicap accessible elevators.[18] There are five main food service areas for the general public on the MGH campus. They include the Eat Street Cafe in the lower level of the Ellison Building, the Blossom Street Cafe in the Cox lobby, Coffee Central in the White lobby, Tea Leaves and Coffee Beans in the Wang Ambulatory Care Center, and Coffee South in the Yawkey outpatient center.

Affiliated institutions

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Massachusetts General Hospital is affiliated with Harvard Medical School and is its original teaching hospital. Together they form an academic health science center. MGH reports it conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of over $750 million.[19] Research centers cover many areas including AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, transplantation biology and photomedicine.[20] In February 2009, the Phillip T. and Susan M. Ragon Institute of immunology was founded to bolster research into creating vaccines and other therapies for acquired immune system conditions, chiefly AIDS. It was made possible by a $100 million gift over ten years, and represents the largest single donation made to MGH.[21]

Though it has its own chief of psychiatry and top ranking department, MGH is closely affiliated with nearby McLean Hospital, a psychiatric hospital also affiliated with Harvard Medical School.[22]

Awards and recognition

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Nobel Laureates

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There have been eleven Nobel Laureates who have either worked or trained at MGH.[23]

Rankings

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In 2012, MGH was named the number one hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report

In 2011, MGH was named the second best hospital in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. MGH consistently ranks as one of the country's top hospitals in U.S. News & World Report.[24] In 2011, MGH was also ranked as one of the top three hospitals in the country for Diabetes & Endocrinology; Ear, Nose & Throat; Neurology & Neurosurgery; Ophthalmology; Orthopedics; and Psychiatry.

In 2003, MGH was named the state's first Magnet hospital by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, a subsidiary of the American Nurses Association. Magnet recognition represents the highest honor awarded for nursing excellence.[25]

In August 2011, Becker's Hospital Review listed MGH as number 12 on the 100 Top Grossing Hospitals in America with $5.64 billion in gross revenue.[26]

Educational units

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Hospital Overview". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Best Hospitals 2013-14: Overview and Honor Roll". US News & World Report. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  3. ^ a b Liz Kowalczyk (February 26, 2011). "A great institution rises and, with it, the healing arts". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
  4. ^ a b c d e Sara Brown (February 23, 2011). "New Beacon Hill museum will showcase MGH medical innovations". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
  5. ^ Harvard Medical School: A History and Background
  6. ^ Beder, J. (2006). Hospital Social Work: The interface of medicine and caring... Routlege: New York
  7. ^ Fenster, J. M. (2001). Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-019523-6.
  8. ^ Museum at Mass General
  9. ^ "The Largest Employers in the City of Boston" (PDF). Boston Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  10. ^ "About the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  11. ^ "Obstetrics Program". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Hospital Overview". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  13. ^ "Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  14. ^ Perkins, Will. "Massachusetts General Hospital—Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care [Boston, MA]". Healthcare Design. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  15. ^ NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT)
  16. ^ NIH Awards to Independent Domestic Hospitals - Fiscal Year 2004
  17. ^ Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. "Partners and Affiliates". Retrieved 2011-09-09.
  18. ^ New Charles/MGH Station Opens
  19. ^ Hospital Overview - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
  20. ^ Intensive summer program helps physicians build clinical research careers - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
  21. ^ The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
  22. ^ "History". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  23. ^ Massachusetts General Hospital. "MGH Nobel Prize Laureates throughout history". Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  24. ^ Kotz, Deborah (17 July 2012). "Massachusetts General Hospital earns top spot in US News ranking for first time". Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  25. ^ "Accreditation of Continuing Nursing Education" (PDF). ANCC. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  26. ^ Becker's Hospital Review
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Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1811 Category:Academic health science centres Category:Harvard Medical School Category:Hospitals established in 1811 Category:Hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts Category:University hospitals in the United States Category:West End, Boston

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