Walter Schimana

Walter Schimana
"Battle group Schimana" in Russia, with noncombatant women and child.
Born	(1898-03-12)12 March 1898
Died	12 September 1948(1948-09-12) (aged 50)
Allegiance	Austria-Hungary First Austrian Republic Nazi Germany (1933-1945)
Service/branch	Waffen-SS
Rank	SS-Gruppenführe, Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS and Police
Commands held	"Battle group Schimana"

Walter Schimana (12 March 1898 – 12 September 1948) was an Austrian Nazi Party and high-ranking SS official during World War II, and was Higher SS and Police Leader in occupied Greece from October 1943. Responsible for numerous war crimes and atrocities in the occupied territories, he was arrested by the Allies after the war and committed suicide while awaiting trial.

Nazi career

Schimana became an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), on 7 December 1926 (Party-Nr. 49042), and joined the paramilitary SA in Munich. After the Nazis came to national power, in 1934 he entered the uniformed Protection Police (Schutzpolizei) with the rank of captain. In 1936 he was transferred to the Gendarmerie as a major. After the Anschluss, he was transferred to the Police Headquarters at Vienna as Commander of the motorized Gendarmerie for Austria. On 15 August 1939 he entered the SS with the rank of Standartenführer. At the outbreak of the war in Europe, he took over command of a field gendarmerie battalion in Poland, France then Generalgouvernement of Poland up to 1940. He held command of various schools of the motorized gendarmerie then staff duties into Main Office for Uniformed Police Hauptamt Ordnungspolizei from 1940 to 1941.

World War II and war crimes

Members of an Order Police unit under Schimana's command attacking a village in central Russia, 1942.

On 4 September 1941, he was appointed SS and Police Leader (SSPF) for the Saratov area, and later attached to the staff of the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) for Central Russia until July 1942, taking part in rear-security operations. From 21 July 1942 to 15 July 1943 he was SSPF of Belarus, with headquarters at Minsk. Reporting to Friedrich Jeckeln, he was responsible for the formation of the Schutzmannschaft (collaborationist police) battalions. Subsequently, he underwent training as a divisional commander and was appointed commander of the newly formed SS Division Galicia until October 1943.

On 18 October, Schimana was appointed HSSPF for Greece, in replacement to Jürgen Stroop, a position he held until the withdrawal of German forces from the country in September–October 1944. He became actively engaged in carrying out the persecution of Greek Jews and the campaign against the Greek Resistance movement. In this capacity he was instrumental in the formation of the infamous "Security Battalions". After the German withdrawal, he was appointed HSSPF of the Danube Sector, which had its headquarters in Vienna. He remained in that position until the German capitulation.

He was captured by the Allies and imprisoned, but committed suicide before he could be brought to trial.

Awards

SS- and police ranks of Schimana
Date	Rank
August 1939	SS-Standartenführer
November 1940	Oberstleutnant of the Polizei
December 1941	Oberst of the Polizei
July 1942	SS-Oberführer
September 1942	SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of the Polizei
July 1943	SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of the Waffen-SS
April 1944	SS-Gruppenführer, Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS and Polizei

• Eisernes Kreuz I. and II. Klasse
• Deutsches Kreuz in Gold (1943)

See also

• List SS-Gruppenführer