Wood Island Light

Wood Island Light
	Wood Island Light on a cloudy July afternoon.
Location	Biddeford, Maine
Coordinates	43°27′25″N 70°19′45″W / 43.4569°N 70.3291°W
Tower
Constructed	1808
Foundation	Natural Emplaced
Construction	Granite rubble
Automated	1986
Height	47 feet (14 m)
Shape	conical
Markings	White with black lantern
Heritage	National Register of Historic Places listed place
Fog signal	Horn: 2 every 30 seconds
Light
First lit	1858 (current tower)
Focal height	71 feet (22 m)
Lens	4th order Fresnel lens
Range	White: 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi), green: 16 nautical miles (30 km; 18 mi)
Characteristic	Alternating white and green lights every 10 seconds

Wood Island Light is an active lighthouse on the eastern edge of Wood Island in Saco Bay, on the southern coast of Maine. The light is just outside the entrance to Biddeford Pool and the end of the Saco River. The lighthouse is a 47-foot (14 m) tall conical white tower constructed of granite rubble. The light itself sits 71 feet (22 m) above mean high water. It currently is automated and has an alternating green and white beacon every 10 seconds.

Wood Island Light is Maine's second oldest lighthouse (after Portland Head Light) and the nation's eleventh oldest.^[3] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Wood Island Light Station on January 21, 1988, reference number 87002274.^[5]

History

Wood Island Light was established in 1808 under the orders of President Thomas Jefferson. The original tower was an octagonal wooden structure that had rotted out by the 1830s. In 1839 a granite tower was erected replacing the original wood structure. The current tower was constructed in 1858 as a renovation of the 1839 tower to allow for the installation of a 4th order Fresnel lens. Also built in 1858 were the current keepers dwellings which are still standing.^[6]

In 1960s the original lantern room was removed and an aerobeacon was installed instead. This however was deemed unsightly by locals and when the lighthouse was automated in 1986 a new lantern room was fabricated and installed on the lighthouse along with what was then the latest technology, a VRB-25 beacon. The VRB-25 was replaced by a VLB-44, an LED beacon with a service life of ten years, in 2013. The United States Coast Guard maintains the active beacon of the lighthouse, while The Friends of Wood Island Light, a non-profit organization, has assisted the Coast Guard by maintaining and restoring parts of the lighthouse and keepers dwellings which they now own.^[7]

Legends and lore

Eben Emerson served as Lightkeeper from 1861 to 1865. On March 16, 1865, he saved the crew of the British brig Edyth Anne from drowning in a heavy storm near the lighthouse; for this action he was commended by the Canadian government and rewarded with a pair of binoculars.

Thomas Henry Orcutt, a former sea captain and previous keeper at Saddleback Ledge Light served as keeper of Wood Island Light for 19 years (1886–1905). His dog, Sailor, became famous for ringing the station's fog bell to greet passing ships by taking the bell cord in mouth and pulling it with his teeth.

In the 1890s Wood Island Light and Wood Island were host to a grisly murder-suicide. A local squatter and part-time lobsterman was living on the west end of the island. The squatter had been involved in an earlier altercation on the mainland and was approached by a sheriff's deputy in his squatter shack on the island. The squatter murdered the sheriff's deputy. Realizing what he had done he attempted to turn himself in to lighthouse keeper Thomas Orcutt who, in fear, turned him away. The squatter returned to his shack and committed suicide. Legend has it that the ghost of the murdered deputy still haunts the lighthouse and island.^[8]

Keepers ^[1]

Benjamin Cole (1808–1809)
Philip Goldthwaite (1809–1832)
Tristam Goldthwaite (1832–1833)
Abraham Norwood (1833–1841)
John Adams (1841-unknown)
Stephen D. Batchelder (1849-unknown)
Nathaniel Varrell (185?)
L.F. Varrell (185?)
Joseph R. Bryant (1854-1861?)
Ebenezer Emerson (1861–1865)
Edwin Tarbox (1865–1872)
Albert Norwood (1872–1886)
Thomas Henry Orcutt (1886–1905)
Charles A. Burke (1905–1914)
C.B. Staples (1914–1917)
W. F. Lurvey (1917–1923)
Albert Staples (1923–1926)
George Woodward (1927–1934)

Viewing

Wood Island Light is viewable from just beyond the southern end of SR-208 off Biddeford Pool, Maine. To reach the best viewing spot proceed beyond SR-208's southern terminus 0.6 miles (0.97 km) along Lester B Orcutt Bl. There is an entrance to an Audubon trail on the left side of the road. Follow this path to the ocean. Wood Island Light is across the channel.

Friends of Wood Island Lighthouse runs seasonal tours out to the island and lighthouse from Biddeford Pool.^[9]

Wildlife

The island supports a small population of deer who swim the half mile to and from Biddeford Pool. When visiting the island it is a rare treat to spot them. The best viewing can often be in winter from the East Point Sanctuary in Biddeford Pool. In winter it is not uncommon to spot snowy owls on the island. Rafts of eiders, scoters and loons are present in the winter. Brants and cormorants arrive in early spring.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Maine". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
^ Light List, Volume I, Atlantic Coast, St. Croix River, Maine to Shrewsbury River, New Jersey (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2009. p. 2.
^ ^a ^b Rowlett, Russ (2009-08-06). "Lighthouses of the United States: Southern Maine". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
^ Trapani, Bob. "A New Bright Shine at Wood Island Lighthouse". American Lighthouse Foundation. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ http://www.woodislandlighthouse.org/xHistory/index.html
^ http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=549
^ http://hauntedlights.com/haunted4.html
^ http://www.woodislandlighthouse.org/xTour%20Schedule/index.html

External links

Friends of Wood Island Lighthouse

[cghist-1] "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Maine". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.

[cgll-2] Light List, Volume I, Atlantic Coast, St. Croix River, Maine to Shrewsbury River, New Jersey (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2009. p. 2.

[rowlett-3] Rowlett, Russ (2009-08-06). "Lighthouses of the United States: Southern Maine". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

[4] Trapani, Bob. "A New Bright Shine at Wood Island Lighthouse". American Lighthouse Foundation. Retrieved 15 June 2013.

[nris-5] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

[6] ttp://www.woodislandlighthouse.org/xHistory/index.html

[7] ttp://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=549

[8] ttp://hauntedlights.com/haunted4.html

[9] ttp://www.woodislandlighthouse.org/xTour%20Schedule/index.html

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