X/1106 C1
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X/1106 C1, also known as the Great Comet of 1106, was a great comet that appeared on February 2, 1106, and was observed across the world from the beginning of February through to mid-March. It was recorded by astronomers in Wales, England, Japan, Korea, China and Europe. It was observed to split into at least two pieces,[1] forming the Great Comet of 1843, Great Comet of 1882, Comet Pereyra, Comet Ikeya–Seki and C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy), as well as over 3000 small sungrazing comets observed by the SOHO space telescope.[citation needed] It is a member of the Kreutz Group, known as Subfragment I, split from an earlier comet.[citation needed]
Observations
Britain
A brief note in the Welsh manuscript known as the Brut y Tywysogion reads (in translation):
[-1106]. In that year there was seen a star wonderful to behold, throwing out behind it a beam of light of the thickness of a pillar in size and of exceeding brightness, foreboding what would come to pass in the future: for Henry, emperor of Rome, after mighty victories and a most pious life in Christ, went to his rest. And his son, after winning the seat of the empire of Rome, was made emperor.[citation needed]
The 1106 annal of the Peterborough Chronicle describes the comet. The Dorothy Whitlock translation reads:
In the first week of Lent, on the Friday, 16 February, in the evening, there appeared an unusual star, and for a long time after that it was seen shining a while every evening. This star appeared in the south-west; it seemed small and dark. The ray that shone from it, however, was very bright, and seemed to be like an immense beam shining north-east; and one evening it appeared as if this beam were forking into many rays toward the star from an opposite direction.
China
An excerpt from a Chinese manuscript describes the following report of a comet in 1106, mentioning the comet's breakup after perihelion, dated February 10:
In the reign of Hwuy Tsung, the 5th year of the epoch of Tsung Ning, the 1st moon [February], day Woo Seuh (Feb. 10th), a comet appeared in the west. It was like a great Pei Kow. The luminous envelope was scattered. It appeared like a broken-up star. It was 60 [degrees] in length and was 3 [degrees] in breadth. Its direction was to the north-east. It passed S.D. Kwei (southern Andromeda/northern Pisces). It passed S.D. Lew (Southern Aries), Wei (Pegasus), Maou, and Peih (Taurus). It then entered into the clouds and was no more seen.[1]
Others
- Sigebert of Gembloux mentions it in his Chronicon sive Chronographia (pub. 1111).
- De Significatione Cometarum
- Anales Toledanos I (c. 1219)
- Dainihonshi（大日本史） (1715)
- Wenxian Tongkao（文獻通考） (1308)
- History of Song（宋史） (1345)
- Xu Tongjian Gangmu（續通鑒綱目） (1476)
Resources
- Thomas Jones, Brut y Tywysogion, or, the Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest version, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1955.
- Comet X/1106 C1: Publication der Sternwarte in Kiel, No. 6, pp. 1–66, and AN 238 (1930 Jun 5), pp. 403–4
References
- ^ a b Williams, John. "Observations of Comets: From 611 B.C. to A.D.1640 : Extracted from the Chinese annals". Royal Astronomical Society. books.google.com. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
Sources
- Historic astronomical observations in Wales
- SOHO-620: A Comet on the Right(hand) Track
- http://cometography.com/lcomets/1106c1.html
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