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Zhang Yuan (director)

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For other people named Zhang Yuan (director), see Zhang Yuan (director) (disambiguation).

Template:Chinese name Template:Infobox Chinese-language singer and actor

Zhang Yuan (simplified Chinese: 张元; traditional Chinese: 張元; pinyin: Zhāng Yuán; born October 1963) is a Chinese film director who has been described by film scholars as a pioneering member of China's Sixth Generation of filmmakers.[1] He and his films have won ten awards out of seventeen nominations received at international film festivals.[2]

Feature films

Born in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, Zhang received a BA in cinematography from the Beijing Film Academy in 1989.[1] Having initially emerged onto the film scene shortly after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he is frequently referenced as an exemplar of the pioneers who are grouped into the loosely defined Sixth Generation. Despite a diploma from the prestigious Film Academy, Zhang decided to eschew his assigned position within the People's Liberation Army-connected August First Film Studio, choosing instead to produce his films independently.[3] As a fledgling filmmaker, he chose to shoot in a documentary style and has referred to these early films (Mama, Sons, and Beijing Bastards) as "documentary feature-films."[4]

Aside from some original short subjects he directed as a student filmmaker, the official debut of his career in 1990 is Mama, a semi-documentary account of a mother and her retarded son, which is considered to have a historical spot as one of the first features of the Sixth Generation movement and as China's "first independent film since 1949".[5] His next film, 1993's Beijing Bastards follows Beijing's disaffected youth subculture and another title, Sons, in the same manner as Mama, blends the line between fiction and documentary film, as the actors, playing themselves, recreate the actual destruction of their family due to alcoholism and mental illness. However, the transgressive nature of these films (which depicted Chinese youth and society in harsh and unflattering imagery and terms), quickly came to the attention of the Chinese authorities. By April 1994, the Ministry of Film, Television and Culture issued a statement banning Zhang from filmmaking.[6] Also banned were fellow Sixth-Generation directors He Jianjun, Wang Xiaoshuai, the documentary filmmaker Wu Wenguang, Fifth Generation director Tian Zhuangzhuang, and Zhang's wife, screenwriter Ning Dai, whose sister, director Ning Ying, is a transitional figure between the Fifth and Sixth Generation. In 1996, two years after the ban went into force, Zhang was ready to present his next, and most-controversial, work, the surreptitiously filmed East Palace, West Palace, also known as Behind the Forbidden City, China's first feature with homosexual characters and, furthermore, their persecution by the police. A print was secretly taken out of China and screened at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.[7]

After East Palace, West Palace, Zhang's style began to shift away from documentary-like neo-realist dramas to more conventionally filmed features. 1999's Seventeen Years, a family drama and also the first Chinese film with approval to shoot inside a Chinese prison,[5] nevertheless proved a significant international success winning the Best Director award at the Venice Film Festival. 2002–2003 continued to see Zhang approaching more commercially viable works as well as his most prolific period yet, directing three films in the course of a year. The cinematic version of the Communist opera Jiang Jie, the celebrity-helmed romantic mystery Green Tea, and the romantic drama I Love You were successful, if a far cry from his earlier "underground" works. In 2006, he directed Little Red Flowers, based on writer and Chinese cultural icon Wang Shuo's semi-autobiographical novel It Could Be Beautiful. The film garnered a CICAE award at the 2006 Berlin Film Festival.

Documentaries

Between his feature film efforts, Zhang strives to continue producing long-form documentaries. 1994's The Square documents daily life in Tiananmen Square, in the immediate years following the events of the 1989 Democracy demonstrations. The surreptitious shoot took the guise of a program production crew for China Central Television (CCTV).

The late 1990s, meanwhile, saw Zhang indulging again in his interest in documentary form with Demolition and Relocation in 1998, an account of the destruction of Beijing's Hutongs. In 1999, Zhang made Crazy English, which followed Crazy English-founder and motivational speaker Li Yang in a film Zhang himself described as a cross between Triumph of the Will and Forrest Gump.[8] 2000's Miss Jin Xing, meanwhile, follows Zhang's interest in society's marginalized with a touching portrait of China's most famed transsexual, Jin Xing, a man who in 1996 decided to become a woman. Jin's story is told through a series of interviews with those who know her as well as with Jin herself.

Other media

Besides films, Zhang has also directed numerous music videos and commercials. His most fruitful collaboration was with Chinese musician Cui Jian, resulting in several music videos, including the winner of the Best Asian Video, Wild in the Snow, at the 1991 MTV Music Video Awards.[8] In 2000 he was a member of the jury at the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival.[9]

Filmography

Year English Title Chinese Title Pinyin Notes
1990 Mama 妈妈 Māma
1993 Beijing Bastards 北京杂种 Běijīng zá zhǒng
1994 The Square 广场 Guǎng chǎng Documentary
1996 Sons 儿子 Érzi
1996 Danish Girls Show Everything 丹麦姑娘 Vignette in a comic anthology film
1997 East Palace, West Palace 东宫西宫 Dōng gōng xī gōng Screened at Cannes[10]
1998 Demolition and Relocation 钉子户 Ding zi hu Short documentary
1999 Crazy English 疯狂英语 Fēng kuáng yīng yǔ Documentary
1999 Seventeen Years 过年回家 Guò nián huí jiā
2000 Miss Jin Xing 金星小姐 Jin xing xiaojie Short documentary
2000 Hainan Hainan 海南，海南 Hainan Hainan
2002 I Love You 我爱你 Wǒ ài nǐ
2003 Jiang Jie (a film of the opera Sister Jiang) 江姐 Jiang jie
2003 Green Tea 绿茶 Lǜ Chá
2006 Little Red Flowers 看上去很美 Kàn shàng qù hén měi
2008 Dada's Dance 达达 Dádá
2013 Beijing Flickers 有种 Yǒu Zhǒng

References

  1. ^ a b Tasker, Yvonne (2002). "Zhang Yuan" in Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers. Routledge Publishing, p. 419. ISBN 0-415-18974-8. Google Book Search. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  2. ^ Movie Database list of nominations and awards won by Zhang Yuan at international film festivals[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ Barmé, Geremie R. (2000). In the Red: On Contemporary Chinese Culture. Columbia University Press, p. 190. ISBN 0-231-10615-7. Google Book Search. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  4. ^ Li Xiao (translator) (2003-09-19). "Art of Regret: Talking Film with Zhang Yuan". China.org. Retrieved 2007-09-08. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ a b "Zhang Yuan's films". Zhang-yuanfilms.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-05. Retrieved 2007-09-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Halligan, Fionnuala (1994-05-30). "In Surprise Move, Ministry Issues Blacklist: A Crackdown on Filmmakers". The International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-11-17. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) [dead link‍]
  7. ^ Zhang Yuan's career overview at AllMovie Guide[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b Berry, Michael (2002). "Zhang Yuan" in Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press, p. 144. ISBN 0-231-13331-6. Google Book Search. Retrieved 2008-08-25
  9. ^ "22nd Moscow International Film Festival (2000)". MIFF. Archived from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Festival de Cannes: East Palace, West Palace". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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