1945 in the Netherlands
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Events in the year 1945 in the Netherlands.
Incumbents
[edit]- Monarch: Wilhelmina
- Prime Minister: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (until 25 June); Willem Schermerhorn (from 25 June)
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- 2 Jan: Special meeting of the Council of Ministers to discuss the position of the Militair Gezag[1]
- 11 Jan: The cabinet accepts that the queen does not sign the arrangement for the emergency parliament.[1]
- 14 Jan: Commencement of the evacuation of Venlo.[1]
- 20 Jan: Commencement of the evacuation of Roermond.[1]
- 22 Jan: The ministers approve a letter from Gerbrandy warning the queen against the formation of a royal cabinet.[1]
- 23 Jan: Gerbrandy dismisses Burger from the cabinet due to a radio speech and tenders the resignation of the cabinet.[1]
- 31 Jan: A delegation invited by the queen from the liberated South arrives in London.[1]
February
[edit]- 5 Feb: Minister van Kleffens refuses to form a cabinet.[1]
- 8 Feb: The queen instructs Gerbrandy to form a new cabinet.[1]
- 10 Feb: The arrestation regulations for the area to be liberated are established.[1]
- 15 Feb: Minister van Heuven Goedhart inaugurates the first Tribunal.[1]
- 23 Feb: Announcement of the composition, to the extent completed, of the third Gerbrandy cabinet.[1]
- 24 Feb: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy urges Eisenhower's Chief of Staff Bedell Smith for a separate offensive for the liberation of the Netherlands north of the major rivers. [2]
March
[edit]- 1 Mar: Liberation of Roermond and Venlo.[2]
- 3 Mar: Bombing of the Bezuidenhout quarter in The Hague.[2]
- 7 Mar: Rauter is seriously wounded in an ambush at Woeste Hoeve; two hundred and sixty-three death-row candidates are executed.[2]
- 14 Mar: The Combined Chiefs of Staff instruct Eisenhower to launch a separate offensive for the liberation of West Netherlands.[2]
- 18 Mar: J.J.F. Borghouts ('Peter-Zuid') arrives in occupied territory as the Commander of the Fighting Section of the BS (Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten/Interior Forces).[2]
- 30 Mar: Commencement of the liberation of East and North Netherlands.[2]
April
[edit]- 2 Apr: In a conversation with Hirschfeld, Seyss-Inquart suggests the idea of a ceasefire that would allow large-scale assistance to the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
- 4 Apr: Mussert flees over the Afsluitdijk to The Hague.[2]
- 6 Apr: Start of the Georgian uprising on Texel.[2]
- 7 to 8 April – Operation Amherst
- 9 Apr: Consultation between the Trusted Men and members of Koot's staff regarding Seyss-Inquart's offer.[2]
- 11 Apr:
- 12 Apr:
- 12 to 16 April – Liberation of Arnhem
- 14 Apr:
- 15 Apr: Gerbrandy meets with Churchill to discuss Seyss-Inquart's offer.[2]
- 17 Apr: Inundation of the Wieringermeer.[2]
- 18 Apr: The entire East and North of the country is liberated except for the area near Delfzijl and the Wadden Islands.[2]
- 21 Apr: The resistance sends its first telegram to London, protesting against the negotiations with Seyss-Inquart.[2]
- 23 Apr: The Combined Chiefs of Staff authorize Eisenhower to conclude a ceasefire with Seyss-Inquart. [2]
- 28 Apr: In Achterveld, the German Schwebel and Montgomery's Chief of Staff de Guingand reach an agreement for a conference with Seyss-Inquart.[2]
- 29 Apr:
- 30 Apr:
- Suicide of Adolf Hitler
- In Achterveld, Seyss-Inquart approves arrangements for rapid assistance to the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
May
[edit]- 2 May: First food transports to the famine-stricken provinces by road, via Rhenen.[2]
- 2–3 May: Seyss-Inquart departs for Flensburg for discussions with Dönitz.[2]
- 4 May:
- Montgomery accepts the capitulation of the 'Wehrmacht' in Northwest Europe, including the Netherlands.[2]
- 'Mobilization' of the BS (Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten/Interior Forces) in the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
- 5 May:
- General Johannes Blaskowitz receives the capitulation order presented by General Foulkes at Hotel 'De Wereld' in Wageningen.[2]
- Radio speech by Queen Wilhelmina.[2]
- The first food ships arrive in Rotterdam.[2]
- An Allied vanguard arrives in Copenhagen.[2]
- 6 May: General Blaskowitz signs the capitulation order presented to him the previous day in the auditorium of the Agricultural College in Wageningen.[2]
- 7 May:
- 8 May:
- 13 May: German deserter execution
- 16 May: Dissolution of the College of Trusted Men.[2]
- 20 May: A Canadian force arrives on Texel and the local German forces surrender, ending the Georgian uprising on Texel. The Georgians are allowed to retain their arms.[3]
June
[edit]- 3 Jun: German forces on the island of Ameland surrender.[4]
- 11 Jun: The last 600 active German troops in the Netherlands, on the island of Schiermonnikoog, surrender to the Canadians and are evacuated from the island, completing the liberation of the Netherlands.[5]
- 16 Jun: The Georgian Legion is evacuated from Texel.[3]
Births
[edit]
- 4 January – Jean Bessems, carom and artistic billiards player
- 6 January – Anja Meulenbelt, politician and writer
- 10 January – Henri Bol, still life painter (d. 2000)
- 25 January – Lennaert Nijgh, lyricist (d. 2002)
- 3 February – Willeke Alberti, singer and actress
- 16 February – Toon van Driel, cartoonist, comics writer and comics artist
- 16 February – L. H. Wiener, writer
- 17 February – Chris Dolman, martial artist and professional wrestler
- 3 March – Gee van Enst, rower.[6]
- 14 March – René de Boer, sculptor
- 14 March – Herman van Veen, stage performer, actor, author, singer/songwriter and musician
- 28 March – Bert Groen, corporate director, civil servant and politician
- 29 March – Willem Ruis, game show presenter (d. 1986)
- 4 May – Jan Mulder, footballer, writer, columnist, and TV personality
- 8 May – Arthur Docters van Leeuwen, politician, jurist and civil servant
- 20 May – Saskia Holleman, actress, lawyer and model (d. 2013).[7]
- 25 May – Nicolaas Matsier, novelist
- 12 June – Gaby Minneboo, cyclist
- 15 June – Corrie Bakker, track and field athlete.[8]
- 16 June – Roy Ho Ten Soeng, politician
- 20 June – Jan Dietz, information systems researcher
- 9 July – Erik van der Wurff, pianist, composer, arranger, producer and conductor (d. 2014)
- 17 August – Rudi Lubbers, boxer.[9]
- 27 August – Jan Sloot, electronics engineer (d. 1999)
- 28 September – Vincent Mentzel, photographer
- 24 October – Ernst Jansen Steur, neurologist
- 30 October – Fred Rompelberg, cyclist
- 2 November – Cees Stam, track cyclist
- 19 November – Hans Monderman, road traffic engineer and innovator (d. 2008)
- 27 November – Phil Bloom, artist, entertainer and actress
Full date missing
[edit]- Christian Dumolin, businessman
- Henk van der Flier, psychologist
- Jan Plas, kickboxer (d. 2010)
- Madelon Vriesendorp, artist
Deaths
[edit]
- 2 January – Arie Bijl, physicist (b. 1908)
- 30 January – Jur Haak, footballer (b. 1890)
- 1 February – Johan Huizinga, historian (b. 1972)
- 9 February – Piet Klijnveld, accountant (b. 1874)
- 12 February – Walraven van Hall, banker and resistance leader (b. 1906)
- 17 February – Gabrielle Weidner, resistance fighter (b. 1914)
- 1 April – Piet Tekelenburg, footballer (b. 1894)
- 15 April – Joannes Cassianus Pompe, pathologist (b. 1901)
- 17 April – Hannie Schaft, communist resistance fighter during World War II (b. 1920)
- 28 May – Lothar van Gogh, footballer (b. 1888)
- 16 August – Nico Richter, composer (b. 1915)
- 25 August – Henriëtte van der Meij, feminist (b. 1850)
- 7 September – Harry Kuneman, governor (b. 1886)
- 22 October – Jac. van Ginneken, linguist, priest and Jesuit (b. 1877)
- 13 November – Albert Heijn, entrepreneur (b. 1865)
Full date missing
[edit]- Anne Frank, diarist (b. 1929)
- Margot Frank (b. 1926)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l de Jong, Loe (1980). Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (PDF) (in Dutch). Vol. Deel 10a. Rijksinstituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie. p. 1039(This article incorporates text from this work, which is released under a CC BY 3.0 NL Akte license.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap de Jong, Loe (1980). Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (PDF) (in Dutch). Vol. Deel 10b. Rijksinstituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie. p. 1454(This article incorporates text from this work, which is released under a CC BY 3.0 NL Akte license.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ a b Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015-02-06). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 643–644. ISBN 978-1-4422-4146-6.
- ^ "Bevrijding – Ameland tijdens WO II". 2016-09-16. Archived from the original on 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ "De bevrijding van Schier kwam pas weken later". www.omropfryslan.nl (in Dutch). 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Gee van Enst". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ Roos, Jan de (27 May 2018). "Holleman, Saskia Maria (1945–2013)". Online Dictionary of Dutch Women (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Corrie Bakker". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Rudie Lubbers". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
