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National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)

Coordinates: 14°35′13″N 120°58′52″E / 14.5869°N 120.9812°E / 14.5869; 120.9812
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National Museum of Fine Arts
Pambansang Museo ng Sining (Filipino)[1][2]
The museum in 2024
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) is located in Rizal Park
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
Location within Rizal Park
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) is located in Manila
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) is located in Metro Manila
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) (Metro Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) is located in Luzon
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) (Luzon)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) is located in Philippines
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila) (Philippines)
Coordinates14°35′13″N 120°58′52″E / 14.5869°N 120.9812°E / 14.5869; 120.9812
TypeArt museum
Public transit accessMetro interchange Central Terminal
Metro interchange United Nations
Bus interchange  6  17  Manila City Hall
National Museum of the Philippines
Building details
Former names
  • Old Legislative Building
  • National Art Gallery
General information
StatusCompleted
Architectural styleNeoclassical
AddressPadre Burgos Avenue, Rizal Park
Town or cityManila
CountryPhilippines
Construction started1918
CompletedJuly 16, 1926
Renovated1950
DestroyedFebruary 1945 (rebuilt 1950)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Ralph Harrington Doane
Antonio Toledo
Juan M. Arellano
Civil engineerPedro Siochi y Angeles
Main contractorPedro Siochi and Company

The National Museum of Fine Arts (Filipino: Pambansang Museo ng Sining[1][2]), formerly known as the National Art Gallery, is an art museum in Manila, Philippines. It is located on Padre Burgos Avenue across from the National Museum of Anthropology in the eastern side of Rizal Park. The museum, owned and operated by the National Museum of the Philippines, was founded in 1998 and houses a collection of paintings and sculptures by classical Filipino artists such as Juan Luna, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo and Guillermo Tolentino.[3]

The neoclassical building was built in 1921 and originally served to house the various legislative bodies of the Philippine government. Known as the Old Legislative Building (also the Old Congress Building), it was the home of the bicameral congress from 1926 to 1972, and the Philippine Senate from 1987 to 1997.

History

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The Legislative Building during the 1930s

The building was originally designed by the Bureau of Public Works (precursor of the Department of Public Works and Highways) Consulting Architect Ralph Harrington Doane[4] and Antonio Toledo in 1918, and was intended to be the future home of the National Library of the Philippines, according to the Plan of Manila of Daniel H. Burnham.[5] Meanwhile, a Capitol building for the Philippine Legislature (established on October 16, 1916) was to rise on Wallace Field, just south of the library (the location is now María Y. Orosa Street in Rizal Park). Instead, the Philippine Legislature decided to move into the Library building in 1926, and changes to the building's layout were done accordingly by architect Juan M. Arellano.[5] It was built under the supervision of the architecture firm of Pedro Siochi and Company and the building therefore became known as the Legislative Building. The Second Regular Session of the 7th Philippine Legislature was formally opened on the inauguration of the building on July 16, 1926 in the presence of Governor-General Leonard Wood, then Senate President Manuel L. Quezon, House Speaker Manuel Roxas, and Colonel Carmi A. Thompson, envoy of President Calvin Coolidge of the United States.[4] It was concurrently the headquarters of the National Library from 1928 to 1944.

Aerial view of the Legislative Building, 1938

In 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was proclaimed, and the inauguration of President Manuel L. Quezon were held outside the building. The building became home of the National Assembly of the Philippines, and it was subsequently known as the National Assembly Building. In 1940, the National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral Congress of the Philippines, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate occupied the upper floors while the House occupied the lower floors. The building would serve as home of the Commonwealth Congress until 1945.

The destruction of the Legislative Building following a bombing campaign, circa 1943 to 1945

During World War II, American forces shelled the building during the Battle of Manila in 1945 to flush out Japanese forces who had turned it into a stronghold.[6] Most of the structure was beyond repair, except for the still-standing central portion.[7] With the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines in 1946, the building was reconstructed to be the home of Congress. It was rebuilt by the U.S. Philippine War Damage Corporation to the same dimensions but with less interior and exterior ornamentation.[4] Reconstruction began in 1949, while the Congress moved back the same year. The two wings of the building were completed in 1950.[7] The building was rebuilt mostly from memory, with the aid of a few remaining blueprints.

The Philippine National Museum (of Fine Arts)
Senate Session Hall in 2022
The museum was used as the venue for the inauguration of Bongbong Marcos on June 30, 2022.

The building became known as the Congress Building, and continuously served as home of the Congress of the Philippines until 1972 with the declaration of martial law. The Congress was effectively dissolved, and the building was padlocked. For a short time, the building became home of the offices of the Prime Minister of the Philippines, a position established under the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines, on the fourth floor, the Ombudsman on the third floor, the National Museum on the second floor, and the Sandiganbayan on the ground floor.[4] The building was called the Executive House for the duration of that time.

The Congress of the Philippines was reestablished with the ratification of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. While the House of Representatives moved to the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Constitution Hill, Quezon City, the Senate used the original Congress Building for their plenary sessions.

The Senate would use the Congress Building until May 1997, when it moved to the Government Service Insurance System Building on reclaimed land on Manila Bay in Pasay. The former office of the Prime Minister was taken as the Office of the Vice President.

The building was then turned over to the National Museum of the Philippines in 1998.

On September 30, 2010, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines declared the building as a "National Historical Landmark" by virtue of Resolution No. 8 (dated September 30, 2010).[5] A marker commemorating the declaration was unveiled on October 29, 2010.[5]

Collections

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The museum contains a number of important works, including:

National Fine Arts Collection

  • Juan Luna y Novicio: Spoliarium
  • Félix Resurrección Hidalgo: El asesinato del Gobernador Bustamante (The Assassination of Governor Bustamante)
  • Juan Luna y Novicio: Una Bulaqueña
  • Simón Flores y de la Rosa: Alimentando Pollos (Feeding Chickens)
  • Esteban Pichay Villanueva: The Basi Revolt series

Other collections

  • Carlos Villaluz Francisco: Filipino Struggles Through History; collection of the Government of the City of Manila
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) series; collection of IRRI
  • Juan Luna y Novicio: Interieure d’un Café (Parisian Life); collection of GSIS
  • Carlos Villaluz Francisco: Progress of Medicine in the Philippines (Panel I–IV); collection of the Philippine General Hospital
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Mga Manok (Chickens); collection of AIA Philippines
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Mga Magsasaka (Farmers)
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Ang Pamilya sa Oras ng Pagkain (A Family at Mealtime)
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Mga Manunugtog (Musicians)
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Handaan (Feast)
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Mga Isda (Fishes)
  • Vicente Silva Manansala: Mga Kalabaw (Carabaos)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Art Stroll Sunday Feature – "Ilocos Caravan" (1974)". National Museum of the Philippines. August 30, 2022. p. 15. Retrieved December 1, 2023. Ang Ilocos Caravan ay bahagi ng Philippine Center New York Collection. Ito ay kasalukuyang naka eksibit sa Gallery XXVII-XXVIII, ika-apat na palapag ng Pambansang Museo ng Sining.
  2. ^ a b Ople, Francis (June 9, 2022). "National Museum: Gusali ng Kasaysayan at Pagbangon". Peoples Taliba (in Filipino). Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  3. ^ "National Art Gallery". National Museum of the Philippines. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d "National Museum 111th Foundation Day Souvenir Program" (PDF). National Museum of the Philippines. October 29, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d "NHCP declares Old Legislative Building as National Historical Landmark". Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  6. ^ "NMFA History". Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "History of the House of Representatives of the Philippines - Former Buildings". Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
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