2021 in reptile paleontology: Difference between revisions
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A [[Plioplatecarpinae|plioplatecarpine]] mosasaur. |
A [[Plioplatecarpinae|plioplatecarpine]] mosasaur. |
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''[[Elgaria peludoverde]]''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Scarpetta |first1=S. G. |last2=Ledesma |first2=D. T. |last3=Bell |first3=C. J. |year=2021 |title=A new extinct species of alligator lizard (Squamata: ''Elgaria'') and an expanded perspective on the osteology and phylogeny of Gerrhonotinae |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=Article number 184 |doi=10.1186/s12862-021-01912-8 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Sp. nov |
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Valid |
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Scarpetta, Ledesma & Bell |
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[[Pliocene]] |
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Olla Formation |
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{{Flag|United States}}<br>({{Flag|California}}) |
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A species of ''[[Elgaria]]''. |
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Revision as of 16:11, 29 September 2021
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This list of fossil reptiles described in 2021 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2021.
Squamates
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rage et al. |
Eocene |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Scarpetta |
A member of Iguania. Genus includes new species C. lovei. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Willman, Konishi & Caldwell |
A plioplatecarpine mosasaur. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Scarpetta, Ledesma & Bell |
Olla Formation |
A species of Elgaria. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bochaton, Charles & Lenoble |
Quaternary |
|
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bolet et al. |
A lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Čerňanský & Klembara |
Probably late Eocene |
A member of Anguimorpha belonging to the family Palaeovaranidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martinelli, Agnolín & Ezcurra |
Possibly a member of Polyglyphanodontia. The type species is P. occultato. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Habersetzer |
Eocene |
Messel Formation |
A member of Anguimorpha belonging to the family Palaeovaranidae. The type species is "Saniwa" feisti Stritzke (1983). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Rabi & Smith |
Probably middle or late Eocene |
A snake belonging to the group Booidea. The type species is "Palaeopython" filholii Rochebrune (1880). |
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|
Sp. nov |
In press |
Longrich et al. |
A mosasaur. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thorn et al. |
Late Oligocene |
An egerniine skink. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Wagner et al. |
A member of the family Agamidae. Genus includes new species P. monocoli. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Čerňanský & Klembara |
Probably Oligocene |
Quercy Phosphorites Formation |
A member of the family Lacertidae belonging to the subfamily Gallotiinae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Scanferla |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Longrich et al. |
Ouled Abdoun Basin |
A mosasaurine mosasaur. Genus includes new species X. calminechari. |
Research
- A study on the diversity of jaw sizes, lower jaw shape and morphology of teeth in Cretaceous squamates is published by Herrera-Flores, Stubbs & Benton (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that a substantial expansion of ecomorphological diversity of squamates occurred in the mid-Cretaceous, 110–90 Ma, before the first rise in taxonomic diversity of this group in the Campanian.[16]
- A study on the dietary preferences of lizards from the Upper Cretaceous Iharkút vertebrate locality (Hungary) is published by Gere et al. (2021).[17]
- A study on the locomotion of five Cretaceous lizards, and on its implications for the knowledge of the ancestral locomotion type in lizards, is published by Villaseñor-Amador, Suárez & Cruz (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus was bipedal while Tijubina pontei was facultatively bipedal.[18]
- Augé, Dion & Phélizon (2021) describe the lizard fauna from the Paleocene locality of Montchenot (Paris Basin, France), and evaluate the implications of this fauna for the knowledge of diversity changes of European squamate faunas across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary.[19]
- Čerňanský et al. (2021) describe new fossil material of lizards from two Miocene sites in Kutch (Gujarat, India), providing new information on the composition and biogeography of South Asian lizard faunas during the Miocene.[20]
- Revision of the fossil material of lizards and snakes from the Miocene of the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy area (France), including the first records of Ophisaurus holeci and the gallotiine lacertid Janosikia from France, is published by Georgalis & Scheyer (2021).[21]
- A study on the fossil record of lizards and snakes from the Guadeloupe Islands, assessing their evolutionary history and diversity over the past 40,000 years, is published by Bochaton et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicative of a massive extinction of Guadeloupe’s snakes and lizards following European colonization, preceded by thousands of years of coexistence with earlier Indigenous populations.[22]
- A study on the shape and size variation in the maxillae of extant New Zealand diplodactylids, and on its implications for the knowledge of the affinities of subfossil diplodactylid remains, is published by Scarsbrook et al. (2021).[23]
- A study aiming to assess the phylogenetic value of lacertid jaw elements from four Oligocene localities in France, and evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the lacertid species richness in the Oligocene, is published by Wencker et al. (2021).[24]
- Fossils of Gallotia goliath are described for the first time from the El Hierro island (Canary Islands) by Palacios-García et al. (2021), providing the first evidence of the possible coexistence of two giant fossil species of Gallotia on the same island.[25]
- Redescription and a study on the geographic provenance of the fossil material of "Liodon" asiaticum is published by Bardet et al. (2021).[26]
- One to seven month-long life histories of specimens of Platecarpus tympaniticus and Clidastes propython collected from chalk deposits of the Western Interior Seaway and Mississippi Embayment in Kansas and Alabama are reconstruted by Travis Taylor et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicative of semi-regular travels of these mosasaurs from marine to freshwater coastal environments and consumption of freshwater.[27]
- First confirmed non-dental mosasaur remains from the Maastrichtian Breien Member of the Hell Creek Formation (North Dakota, United States) are described by Van Vranken & Boyd (2021).[28]
- A study on the evolutionary history of snakes, aiming to determine possible impact of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on the evolution and dispersal of snakes, is published by Klein et al. (2021).[29]
- An assemblage of vertebrae of Palaeophis africanus, representing the most abundant material of this snake reported to date and providing new information on its anatomy, is described from the Eocene (Lutetian) of Togo by Georgalis et al. (2021).[30]
- A vertebra of Naja romani is described from the Miocene (Turolian) Solnechnodolsk locality (Northern Caucasus, Russia) by Syromyatnikova, Tesakov & Titov (2021), representimg the latest known record of this species and expanding its geographic and geological range.[31]
Ichthyosauromorphs
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fernández et al. |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. Genus includes new species C. gaspariniae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. The type species is J. meztli |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrientos-Lara & Alvarado-Ortega |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. The type species is P. yacahuitztli |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Campos et al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. Genus includes new species S. argentina |
Research
- Description of anatomy of the palate of Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis is published by Yin, Ji & Zhou (2021).[36]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull of the holotype specimen of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus, description of additional specimens from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation (Italy/Switzerland) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Bindellini et al. (2021), who interpret Mikadocephalus gracilirostris as a junior synonym of B. leptorhynchus.[37]
- New stenopterygiid ichthyosaur fossils, representing some of the best preserved Toarcian specimens from Europe (including a specimen with possible soft tissue preservation), are described from south-east France by Martin et al. (2021), who also attempt to determine the causes of the state of preservation of the studied specimens, and evaluate the implications of the study site for the knowledge of the environmental perturbations associated with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.[38]
- A specimen of Ichthyosaurus belonging or related to the species I. communis is identified from the Sinemurian Coimbra Formation (Portugal) by Sousa & Mateus (2021), representing the southernmost occurrence of Ichthyosaurus reported to date.[39]
- A study on the anatomy of narial structures in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs, and on their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the bony subdivision of the external naris in more derived ichthyosaurs, is published by Massare, Wahl & Lomax (2021).[40]
- The first unambiguous ichthyosaur remains from Antarctica reported to date are described from the Upper Jurassic Ameghino (=Nordenskjöld) Formation by Campos et al. (2021), who also revise remains of two ichthyosaur specimens from the Upper Jurassic of Madagascar, and describe a third specimen which is the most complete ichthyosaur from this region of Gondwanaland.[41]
- A study aiming to determine whether Cretaceous ichthyosaur remains from Australia can be attributed to the species Platypterygius australis on the basis of vertebral data alone is published by Vakil, Webb & Cook (2021).[42]
Sauropterygians
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Campbell et al. |
An elasmosaurid plesiosaur. The type species is F. sloanae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Puértolas-Pascual et al. |
An early member of Plesiosauroidea. The type species is P. moelensis. |
Research
- A study on the anatomy and replacement pattern of teeth in Henodus chelyops is published by Pommery et al. (2021).[45]
- A study on the bone histology and possible affinities of Proneusticosaurus silesiacus is published by Klein & Surmik (2021).[46]
- Description of a new specimen of Panzhousaurus rotundirostris from the Guanling Formation (Guizhou, China), providing new information on the anatomy of this reptile, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Lin et al. (2021).[47]
- The remains of an indeterminate plesiosaur are reported from the Hauterivian Katterfeld Formation (Chile) by Poblete-Huanca et al. (2021), representing the first record of a Lower Cretaceous plesiosaur from Chile.[48]
- A tooth crown of a pliosaurid belonging to the subfamily Brachaucheninae is described from the Cenomanian La Luna Formation (Venezuela) by Bastiaans et al. (2021), representing the most recent record of a pliosaurid from South America reported to date.[49]
- Marx et al. (2021) describe a new specimen of Cardiocorax mukulu from the Maastrichtian Mocuio Formation (Angola), including the most complete plesiosaur skull from sub-Saharan Africa reported to date, and evaluate the implications of this specimen for the knowledge of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this plesiosaur.[50]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of Thalassomedon haningtoni, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Sachs et al. (2021).[51]
- Description of one of the earliest quarried elasmosaurid specimens from the Campanian–Maastrichtian strata of Antarctica, identified as a non-aristonectine elasmosaurid belonging to the group Weddellonectia, and a study on the evolution of dorsal vertebral count in members of Weddellonectia, is published by O’Gorman, Aspromonte & Reguero (2021).[52]
- New information of the skeletal anatomy of Alexandronectes zealandiensis is provided by O'Gorman et al. (2021).[53]
- The most complete specimen of Kawanectes lafquenianum reported to date, providing new information on the anatomy of this plesiosaur, is described by O’Gorman (2021).[54]
- Talevi et al. (2021) describe a pathological cervical vertebra of a plesiosaur from the Maastrichtian of Argentina, and interpret this finding as the first record of tuberculosis-like infection in a plesiosaur reported to date.[55]
Turtles
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hirayama et al. |
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| Akoranemys[57] | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Pérez-García | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |  Madagascar
|
A member of the family Bothremydidae belonging to the tribe Bothremydini and subtribe Bothremydina. Genus includes new species A. madagasika. | ||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García |
A member of the family Podocnemididae belonging to the subfamily Erymnochelyinae. The type species is "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca Andrews (1900). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Maniel, de la Fuente & Canale |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of the family Bothremydidae belonging to the tribe Cearachelyini. Genus includes new species E. pritchardi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
De Lapparent de Broin, Breton & Rioult |
A member of the family Plesiochelyidae. Genus includes new species G. lennieri. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lyson et al. |
A member of the family Baenidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lyson, Petermann & Miller |
A soft-shelled turtle. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Adrian et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of the family Bothremydidae. The type species is P. appalachius. |
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|
Sp. nov |
In press |
Pérez-García et al. |
Jurassic-Cretaceous transition |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Joyce et al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member of Pleurodira belonging to the group Pelomedusoides. The type species is S. mailakavava. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García |
A member of the family Podocnemididae belonging to the subfamily Erymnochelyinae. The type species is "Podocnemis" fajumensis Andrews (1903). |
Research
- A study on the evolution of the organization and composition of the turtle shell is published by Cordero & Vlachos (2021).[66]
- A study on the morphology of the skeleton of Chinlechelys tenertesta, and on its implications for the knowledge of the origin of turtles, is published by Lichtig & Lucas (2021), who reject the interpretation of Eunotosaurus africanus and Pappochelys rosinae as stem-turtles.[67]
- A study on the histology of the carapace and limb bones of Araripemys barretoi, and on the relation between shell microstructure and lifestyle of this turtle, is published by Sena et al. (2021).[68]
- Revision of the Cretaceous bothremydid "Polysternon" atlanticum is published by Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga (2021), who consider this taxon to be the senior synonym of Iberoccitanemys convenarum, resulting in a new combination Iberoccitanemys atlanticum.[69]
- Reconstruction of the skull and neuroanatomical structures of Tartaruscola teodorii is presented by Martín-Jiménez & Pérez-García (2021).[70]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of Arundelemys dardeni is published by Evers, Rollot & Joyce (2021).[71]
- A study on the morphological variability in the shell of Pleurosternon bullockii is published by Guerrero & Pérez-García (2021).[72]
- New fossil material of Plesiochelys is described from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) by Pérez-García & Ortega (2021), who also revise the Oxfordian species "Hispaniachelys" prebetica and transfer it to the genus Plesiochelys, making it the oldest representative of this genus reported to date.[73]
- Two specimens of thalassochelydian turtles, including a partial hindlimb with well-preserved remains of skin and a large, articulated skeleton of Thalassemys bruntrutana, documenting the presence of particularly elongate forelimbs in this turtle, are described from the Upper Jurassic of Germany by Joyce, Mäuser & Evers (2021), who interpret these specimens as providing evidence of presence of highly keratinized and partially stiffened flippers in some Late Jurassic turtles, structurally similar to those of extant sea turtles.[74]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy of Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis, based on data from a new specimens from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China), is published by Li, Zhou & Rabi (2021).[75]
- A large, thick-shelled turtle egg, preserving an embryo of a nanhsiungchelyid possibly belonging to the species Yuchelys nanyangensis, is described from the Upper Cretaceous Xiaguan Formation (China) by Ke et al. (2021).[76]
- Georgalis (2021) describes a large costal of a soft-shelled turtle from the Eocene of Mali, representing the first record of pan-trionychid turtles from the Paleogene of Africa reported to date.[77]
- New specimens of the tortoises Hadrianus majusculus and H. corsoni and geoemydids Echmatemys haydeni and E. naomi, including skull and juvenile material, and providing new information on the morphology, intraspecific variation and ontogeny of these turtles, are described from the Eocene Willwood Formation and Green River Formation (Wyoming, United States) by Lichtig, Lucas & Jasinski (2021).[78]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Eocene geoemydids "Ocadia" kehreri and "Ocadia" messeliana from the Messel pit (Germany) is published by Ascarrunz, Claude & Joyce (2021).[79]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum from The Bahamas, based on data from nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, is published by Kehlmaier et al. (2021).[80]
- A study on the identity of the type material of Centrochelys atlantica, based on data from ancient DNA, is published by Kehlmaier et al. (2021), who identify this material as belonging to a specimen of the red-footed tortoise, leaving the Quaternary tortoise known from fossils excavated on the Sal Island in the 1930s without a scientific name.[81]
- A well-preserved humerus a of giant turtle, representing the first known record of gigantic Mesozoic sea turtles in Africa, is described from the Maastrichtian Dakhla Formation (Egypt) by Abu El-Kheir, AbdelGawad & Kassab (2021).[82]
- New specimen of Euclastes wielandi is described from the Paleocene (Danian) Hornerstown Formation (New Jersey, United States) by Ullmann & Carr (2021), who interpret this specimen as proving that E. wielandi is a senior synonym of Catapleura repanda, and study the phylogenetic relationships of E. wielandi.[83]
- A hard-shelled sea turtle specimen, preserved with vestigial soft tissues and likely with incompletely healed bite marks inflicted by a crocodylian or another large-sized seagoing tetrapod, is described from the Eocene (Ypresian) Fur Formation (Denmark) by De La Garza et al. (2021).[84]
Archosauriformes
Archosaurs
Other archosauriforms
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurra, Bandyopadhyay & Gower |
A member of the family Erythrosuchidae. The type species is B. tapani. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yáñez et al. |
Late Triassic |
An archosauriform (possibly an archosaur) of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is I. longicollum. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nesbitt et al. |
A dome-headed archosauriform closely related to Triopticus, with which it forms the new clade Protopyknosia. The type species is K. kuttyi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Heckert et al. |
A short-faced archosauriform of uncertain affinity, possibly an early-diverging crocodylomorph. The type species is S. sucherorum. |
Research
- A study on bone histology of proterochampsid specimens from the Triassic Chañares Formation (Argentina), aiming to infer history traits related to growth dynamics, ontogenetic changes, dermal armor histogenesis and lifestyle, is published by Ponce et al. (2021).[89]
- A large phytosaur specimen likely belonging to the species Smilosuchus gregorii, preserved with evidence of pathologies evoking aspects of both osteomyelitis and hypertrophic osteopathy, is described from Norian strata near St. Johns (Arizona, United States) by Heckert, Viner & Carrano (2021).[90]
Other reptiles
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Matamales-Andreu et al. |
A moradisaurine captorhinid. Genus includes new species B. bombardensis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Rowe et al. |
Permian (Cisuralian) |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurra et al. |
A rhynchosaur. Genus includes new species E. carrolli. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cisneros et al. |
A member of the family Acleistorhinidae. Genus includes new species K. fortunata. |
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| Mengshanosaurus[95] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Meng et al. | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Valanginian) | Mengyin Formation |  China
|
A choristodere belonging to Neochoristodera, the type species is M. minimus. | |
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pinheiro, Silva-Neves & Da-Rosa |
A procolophonid parareptile. Genus includes new species O. insolitus. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Albright, Sumida & Jung |
Early Permian |
A captorhinid. Genus includes "Captorhinikos" parvus Olson (1970). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Villa et al. |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
A rhynchocephalian belonging to the family Sphenodontidae. The type species is S. velserae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sobral, Sues & Schoch |
A diapsid reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species S. mohli. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez et al. |
Late Triassic |
A stem-lepidosaur. Genus includes new species T. alcoberi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kligman et al. |
Late Triassic (Norian) |
A rhynchocephalian belonging to the group Opisthodontia. Genus includes new species T. purgatorii. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sues & Kligman |
Late Triassic (Carnian) |
Vinita Formation |
A member of Lepidosauromorpha. Genus includes new species V. lizae. |
Research
- Revision of putative Carboniferous reptile tracks, evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of locomotor capabilities of putative trackmakers and of the biogeography of the earliest reptiles, is published by Marchetti et al. (2021), who interpret Hylopus hardingi as tracks probably produced by anamniote reptiliomorphs.[103]
- Redescription of the holotype and description of the second known specimen of Eudibamus cursoris, providing new information on the skeletal anatomy and locomotor abilities of this reptile, is published by Berman et al. (2021).[104]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull of Nochelesaurus alexanderi is published by Van den Brandt et al. (2021).[105]
- A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeletons of Bradysaurus baini, Embrithosaurus schwarzi and Nochelesaurus alexanderi is published by van den Brandt et al. (2021).[106]
- Romano et al. (2021) provide a body mass estimate of Scutosaurus karpinskii.[107]
- Tetrapod footprints assigned to the ichnogenus Hyloidichnus, produced by captorhinids or similar reptiles and providing new information on the locomotion of these reptiles, are described from the Permian Pelitic Formation of Gonfaron (Le Luc Basin, Var, France) by Logghe et al. (2021).[108]
- Description of a new specimen of Anthracodromeus longipes from the Carboniferous Allegheny Group (Ohio, United States), preserving an ungual-bearing manus and pedes, and a study on the locomotor ecology of this reptile is published by Mann et al. (2021).[109]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy, gliding apparatus and phylogenetic relationships of Weigeltisaurus jaekeli, based on data from a nearly complete skeleton from the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer (Germany), is published by Pritchard et al. (2021).[110]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of Coelurosauravus elivensis is published by Buffa et al. (2021).[111]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Paliguana whitei is published by Ford et al. (2021).[112]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Marmoretta oxoniensis is published by Griffiths et al. (2021).[113]
- Putative choristoderan maxilla from the Bathonian Peski locality (Moskvoretskaya Formation; Moscow Oblast, Russia) is reinterpreted as a fossil a member of Lepidosauromorpha similar to Fraxinisaura and Marmoretta by Skutschas et al. (2021), who interpret this specimens as the first known record of basal lepidosauromorphs in the Middle Jurassic of European Russia.[114]
- Choristoderan vertebrae, representing the first record of choristoderans from the Upper Cretaceous of Asia reported to date, are described from the Turonian Tamagawa Formation (Japan) by Matsumoto et al. (2021).[115]
- New fossil material of neochoristoderes, representing the first known record of this group from the Atlantic coastal plain, is described from the latest Cretaceous of the Navesink Formation and the Ellisdale Fossil Site (New Jersey, United States) by Dudgeon et al. (2021), who also attempt to determine possible causes of the apparent rarity of neochoristoderes in Appalachia.[116]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of archosauromorph reptiles, aiming to determine the relationships of "protorosaurs", is published by Spiekman, Fraser & Scheyer (2021), who name a new clade Dinocephalosauridae.[117]
- A study on the evolution of the morphological diversity of late Permian to Late Jurassic archosauromorph reptiles is published by Foth, Sookias & Ezcurra (2021).[118]
- A study on the evolution of body size of archosauromorph reptiles during the first 90 million years of their evolutionary history is published by Pradelli, Leardi & Ezcurra (2021).[119]
- A study on patterns of neurocentral suture closure in the vertebrae of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs during their ontogeny, evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of patterns of neurocentral suture closure in archosauromorph reptiles and most likely ancestral condition in archosaurs, is published by Heinrich et al. (2021).[120]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull of the holotype specimen of Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis is published by Gentil & Ezcurra (2021).[121]
Reptiles in general
- A study comparing species richness of synapsids and reptiles during the Pennsylvanian and Cisuralian, evaluating the impact of the preservation biases, of the effect of Lagerstätten, and of contested phylogenetic placement of late Carboniferous and early Permian tetrapods on estimates of relative diversity patterns of synapsids and reptiles, is published by Brocklehurst (2021), who interprets his findings as challenging the assumption that synapsids dominated during the Pennsylvanian and Cisuralian.[122]
- A study on the evolution of the feeding apparatus in early amniotes, aiming to quantify variation in evolutionary rates and constraints during early diversification of amniotes, is published by Brocklehurst & Benson (2021).[123]
- A study comparing the morphology of the maxillary canal of Heleosaurus scholtzi, Varanosaurus acutrostris, Orovenator mayorum and Prolacerta broomi, and evaluating the implications of the morphology of the maxillary canal for the knowledge of the phylogenetic placement of varanopids, is published by Benoit et al. (2021).[124]
- Fischer, Weis & Thuy (2021) describe new ichthyosaur and plesiosaur fossils from successive geological formations in Belgium and Luxembourg spanning the Lower–Middle Jurassic transition, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the evolution of marine reptile assemblages across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition.[125]
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wencker, L. C. M.; Tschopp, E.; Villa, A.; Augé, M. L.; Delfino, M. (2021). "Phylogenetic value of jaw elements of lacertid lizards (Squamata: Lacertoidea): a case study with Oligocene material from France". Cladistics. in press. doi:10.1111/cla.12460.
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{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ Sousa, J.; Mateus, O. (2021). "The southernmost occurrence of Ichthyosaurus from the Sinemurian of Portugal". Fossil Record. 24 (2): 287–294. doi:10.5194/fr-24-287-2021.
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- ^ Campos, L.; Fernández, M. S.; Herrera, Y.; Talevi, M.; Concheyro, A.; Gouiric-Cavalli, S.; O'Gorman, J. P.; Santillana, S. N.; Acosta-Burlaille, L.; Moly, J. J.; Reguero, M. A. (2021). "Bridging the southern gap: First definitive evidence of Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from Antarctica and their dispersion routes". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: Article 103259. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903259C. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103259.
- ^ Vakil, V.; Webb, G. E.; Cook, A. G. (2021). "Can vertebral remains differentiate more than one species of Australian Cretaceous ichthyosaur?". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (4): 537–554. doi:10.1080/03115518.2020.1853809. S2CID 231875679.
- ^ Campbell, J. A.; Mitchell, M. T.; Ryan, M. J.; Anderson, J. S. (2021). "A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) from the non-marine to paralic Dinosaur Park Formation of southern Alberta, Canada". PeerJ. 9: e10720. doi:10.7717/peerj.10720. PMC 7882142. PMID 33614274.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Marx, M.; Mateus, O.; Saleiro, A.; Fernandes, A. E.; Marinheiro, J.; Tomás, C.; Mateus, S. (2021). "A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66 (2): 369–388. doi:10.4202/app.00815.2020.
- ^ Pommery, Y.; Scheyer, T. M.; Neenan, J. M.; Reich, T.; Fernandez, V.; Voeten, D. F. A. E.; Losko, A. S.; Werneburg, I. (2021). "Dentition and feeding in Placodontia: tooth replacement in Henodus chelyops". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): Article number 136. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01835-4. PMC 8256584. PMID 34225664.
- ^ Klein, N.; Surmik, D. (2021). "Bone histology of eosauropterygian diapsid Proneusticosaurus silesiacus from the Middle Triassic of Poland reveals new insights into taxonomic affinities". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 66 (3): 585–598. doi:10.4202/app.00850.2020.
- ^ Lin, W.-B.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Rieppel, O.; Motani, R.; Tintori, A.; Sun, Z.-Y.; Zhou, M. (2021). "Panzhousaurus rotundirostris Jiang et al., 2019 (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) and the Recovery of the Monophyly of Pachypleurosauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1901730. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1901730.
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- ^ Sachs, S.; Lindgren, J.; Madzia, D.; Kear, B. P. (2021). "Cranial osteology of the mid-Cretaceous elasmosaurid Thalassomedon haningtoni from the Western Interior Seaway of North America". Cretaceous Research. 123: Article 104769. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104769.
- ^ O’Gorman, J. P.; Aspromonte, F.; Reguero, M. (2021). "New data on one of the first plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) skeletons recovered from Antarctica, with comments on the dorsal sacral and regions of elasmosaurids". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. in press. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1958378.
- ^ O'Gorman, J. P.; Otero, R. A.; Hiller, N.; O'Keefe, R. F.; Scofield, R. P.; Fordyce, E. (2021). "CT-scan description of Alexandronectes zealandiensis (Elasmosauridae, Aristonectinae), with comments on the elasmosaurid internal cranial features". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1923310. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1923310.
- ^ O’Gorman, J. P. (2021). "The most complete specimen of Kawanectes lafquenianum (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria): new data on basicranial anatomy and possible sexual dimorphism in elasmosaurids". Cretaceous Research. 125: Article 104836. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104836.
- ^ Talevi, M.; Rothschild, B. M.; Mitidieri, M.; Fernández, M. S. (2021). "Infectious spondylitis with pathology mimicking that of tuberculosis in a cervical vertebra of a plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 128: Article 104982. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104982.
- ^ Hirayama, R.; Sonoda, T.; Uno, H.; Horie, K.; Tsutumi, Y.; Sasami, K.; Mitsuzuka, S.; Takisawa, T. (2021). "Adocus kohaku, a new species of aquatic turtle (Testudines: Cryptodira: Adocidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan, with special references to the geological age of the Tamagawa Formation (Kuji Group)" (PDF). International Journal of Paleobiology & Paleontology. 4 (1): 000122. doi:10.23880/ijpbp-16000122.
- ^ Pérez-García, A. (2021-02-01). "A new bothremydid turtle (Pleurodira) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Madagascar". Cretaceous Research. 118: 104645. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104645. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ a b Pérez-García, A. (2021). "New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)". Fossil Record. 24 (2): 247–262. doi:10.5194/fr-24-247-2021.
- ^ Maniel, I.J.; de la Fuente, M. S.; Zhuo, J.I. (2021). "The first Cearachelyini (Pelomedusoides, Bothremydidae) turtle from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, and an overview of the occurrence and diversity of Pelomedusoides in Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 125: Article 104869. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104869.
- ^ de Lapparent de Broin, F.; Breton, G.; Rioult, M. (2021). "Mesozoic turtles from Le Havre (France), review, definition of Globochelus lennieri n. g. n. sp. and new data on Tropidemys langii, Plesiochelyidae". Annales de Paléontologie. 107 (1): Article 102447. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2020.102447.
- ^ Lyson, T. R.; Petermann, H.; Toth, N.; Bastien, S.; Miller, I. M. (2021). "A new baenid turtle, Palatobaena knellerorum sp. nov., from the lower Paleocene (Danian) Denver Formation of south-central Colorado, U.S.A.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1925558. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1925558.
- ^ Lyson, T. R.; Petermann, H.; Miller, I. M. (2021). "A new plastomenid trionychid turtle, Plastomenus joycei, sp. nov., from the earliest Paleocene (Danian) Denver Formation of south-central Colorado, U.S.A.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1): e1913600. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1913600.
- ^ Adrian, B.; Smith, H. F.; Noto, C. R.; Grossman, A. (2021). "An early bothremydid from the Arlington Archosaur Site of Texas". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): Article number 9555. Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.9555A. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88905-1. PMC 8137945. PMID 34017016.
- ^ Pérez-García, A.; Martín-Jiménez, M.; Aurell, M.; Canudo, J.I.; Casternera, D. (2021). "A new Iberian pleurosternid (Jurassic-Cretaceous transition, Spain) and first neuroanatomical study of this clade of stem turtles". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. in press: 1–14. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1910818.
- ^ Joyce, W. G.; Rollot, Y.; Evers, S. W.; Lyson, T. R.; Rahantarisoa, L. J.; Krause, D. W. (2021). "A new pelomedusoid turtle, Sahonachelys mailakavava, from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar provides evidence for convergent evolution of specialized suction feeding among pleurodires". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (5): Article ID 210098. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810098J. doi:10.1098/rsos.210098. PMC 8097199. PMID 34035950.
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