Eugène Deloncle: Difference between revisions

Eugène Deloncle
Eugène Deloncle
	Deloncle c. 1940
Born	20 June 1890; Brest, France
Died	17 January 1944 (aged 53); Paris, France
Nationality	French
Occupations	Politician; Naval engineer;
Known for	Founder of La Cagoule
Spouse	Mercedes Cahier
Parent	Louis Deloncle (father);
Relatives	François Deloncle (uncle)
Awards	Legion of Honour (Chevalier)

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Eugène Deloncle (20 June 1890 – 17 January 1944) was a French politician and Fascist leader, who founded the “Secret Committee of Revolutionary Action" (CSAR), known as La Cagoule ('The Hood'), and became a prominent Nazi collaborator during World War II.

Early life and war service

Antoine Octave Eugène Deloncle was born on 20 June 1890 in Brest, Brittany, France. His parents were Antoine Charles Louis Deloncle and Anna Ange Marie née Grossetti.^[2]

His father died in tragic circumstances in 1898 when his son was 8. He was the captain of the French transatlantic liner SS La Bourgogne accidentally rammed in thick fog by the sailing ship Cromartyshire off Sable Island with a high death toll. Captain Deloncle did his best to organize rescue in difficult circumstances and refusing to leave the bridge went down with his ship.^[3] Eugène Deloncle was a graduate of the École Polytechnique, and worked as a naval engineer for the French Navy. He married Mercedes Cahier on 4 February 1918 in Paris.

World War I

Deloncle served as an artillery officer during World War I, including the Champagne frontline, where he was wounded.

1930s political activity

Initially supportive of the integralist Action Française, he left the movement in 1935 because of his perception of inaction by older organisations in combating the French left. Deloncle founded his own group, the Comité Secret d'Action Révolutionnaire (CSAR), with similar political goals. The new group was also known by the pseudonym of La Cagoule ('The Hood'), a term that was first applied by Charles Maurras and Maurice Pujo of Action Française, as the group's tactics reminded them of the American Ku Klux Klan; the name was subsequently embraced by the press.^[4] The Hood was a fascist and anti-communist terrorist group that kept the Orleanist and strongly anti-republican line of the Action Française, but added the rhetoric of fascism. It was formed to overthrow the leftist Popular Front government of Léon Blum. In the 1930s the Hood was responsible for assassinations, including those of the antifascist activists and refugees, Carlo Rosselli and his brother Nello in June 1937, and terrorist attacks, including the bombing of several Paris synagogues.^[4]^[5]

World War II and death

In 1940, with the Fall of France during World War II and the German period of occupation, Deloncle created a movement backing Philippe Pétain's "French State", the Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire (MSR, 'Social Revolutionary Movement'). MSR, a more radical form of the Cagoule, strongly supported Pétain's social conservatism and reactionary aims; it viewed with approval the political experiment that was being engineered in Vichy France in the south of the country. Afterwards, he approached the National Popular Rally (RNP) of Marcel Déat, but conflicts with Déat saw him expelled in May 1942, when he was succeeded as leader by Jean Fontenoy.^[6]

Deloncle's involvement with the Abwehr made him an enemy of the Gestapo. After plotting with the Abwehr against Hitler, he was shot by the Gestapo on 17 January 1944,^[7] in an assassination in which his son Louis was seriously wounded.

Awards

On 16 June 1920, Deloncle was made a Chevalier (Knight) of the Legion of Honour.^[2]

References

^ Le Monde illustré.
^ ^a ^b Nationales & DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène.
^ "A victim of duty: Captain Deloncle, commander of the Bourgogne". Look and Learn History Picture Library. 5 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Gordon, Bertram M. (1975). "The Condottieri of the Collaboration Mouvement Social Révolutionaire". Journal of Contemporary History. 2. 10 (2). Sage Publications, Inc: 261–282. doi:10.1177/002200947501000203. JSTOR 260147. S2CID 143694710. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. Alt URL
^ Pugliese, Stanislao G. (2007). "Revisiting an Assassination: The Death of Carlo Rosselli". Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy: 11–22. doi:10.1057/9780230606913_2.
^ Littlejohn, David (1972). The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-occupied Europe, 1940-45. Heinemann. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-434-42725-3. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021.
^ Jackson, J. (2003). France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944. Oxford University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-19-925457-6. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021.

Sources

Lefevre, Maurice (16 July 1898). "Souvenirs de la Bourgogne: Le Commandant Louis Deloncle". Le Monde illustré (in French). pp. 44−46 – via Gallica.
Nationales, Archives; DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène. "Archives nationales". Léonore database (in French).

This article about a French politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[FOOTNOTE''Le_Monde_illustré''-1] Le Monde illustré.

[FOOTNOTENationalesDELONCLE_Antoine_Octave_Eugène-2] Nationales & DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène.

[Look_and_Learn_History_Picture_Library_2022-3] "A victim of duty: Captain Deloncle, commander of the Bourgogne". Look and Learn History Picture Library. 5 January 2022.

[ContemporaryHistory-1975-4] Gordon, Bertram M. (1975). "The Condottieri of the Collaboration Mouvement Social Révolutionaire". Journal of Contemporary History. 2. 10 (2). Sage Publications, Inc: 261–282. doi:10.1177/002200947501000203. JSTOR 260147. S2CID 143694710. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021. Alt URL

[5] Pugliese, Stanislao G. (2007). "Revisiting an Assassination: The Death of Carlo Rosselli". Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy: 11–22. doi:10.1057/9780230606913_2.

[6] Littlejohn, David (1972). The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-occupied Europe, 1940-45. Heinemann. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-434-42725-3. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021.

[7] Jackson, J. (2003). France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944. Oxford University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-19-925457-6. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021.

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 | nationality   = French
 | mother        =
-| father        = Louis Deloncle{{sfn | ''Le Monde illustré''}}
+| father        = Louis Deloncle{{sfn|''Le Monde illustré''}}
 | relatives     = [[François Deloncle]] (uncle)
 | spouse        = Mercedes Cahier
 | other_names   =
-| occupation    = Politician<br>Naval engineer
+| occupation    ={{ubl|Politician|Naval engineer}}
 | known_for     = Founder of [[La Cagoule]]
-| awards        = [[Legion of Honour|Legion of Honour (Knight)]]
+| awards        = [[Legion of Honour]] (Chevalier)
 }}
-'''Eugène Deloncle''' (20 June 1890 – 17 January 1944) was a French politician and [[Fascism|Fascist]] leader, who founded the “Secret Committee of Revolutionary Action" (CSAR), known as "The Hood" ([[la Cagoule]]), and became a prominent [[Collaboration with the Axis powers|Nazi collaborator]] during [[World War II]].
+'''Eugène Deloncle''' (20 June 1890 – 17 January 1944) was a French politician and [[Fascism|Fascist]] leader, who founded the “Secret Committee of Revolutionary Action" (CSAR), known as {{lang|fr|[[La Cagoule]]}} ('The Hood'), and became a prominent [[Collaboration with the Axis powers|Nazi collaborator]] during [[World War II]].
-==Early life==
+==Early life and war service==
-Antoine Octave Eugène was born on 20 June 1890 in Brest, [[Brittany]], [[France]]; his parents were Antoine Charles Louis Deloncle and Anna Ange Marie {{née}} Grossetti.{{sfn | Nationales|DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène}}
+Antoine Octave Eugène Deloncle was born on 20 June 1890 in Brest, [[Brittany]], France. His parents were Antoine Charles Louis Deloncle and Anna Ange Marie {{née}} Grossetti.{{sfn|Nationales|DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène}}
-His father died in tragic circumstances in 1898 when his son was 8. He was the captain of the French transatlantic liner ''[[SS La Bourgogne]]'' accidentally rammed in thick fog by sailing ship [[Cromartyshire (ship)|Cromartyshire]] off [[Sable Island]] with a high death toll. Captain Deloncle did his best to organize rescue in difficult circumstances and refusing to leave the bridge went down with his ship.<ref name="Look and Learn History Picture Library 2022">{{cite web | title=A victim of duty: Captain Deloncle, commander of the Bourgogne | website=Look and Learn History Picture Library | date=2022-01-05 | url=https://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M277301/A-victim-of-duty-Captain-Deloncle-commander-of-the-Bourgogne }}</ref> Eugène Deloncle was a graduate of the [[École Polytechnique]], and worked as a naval engineer for the [[French Navy]]. He married Mercedes Cahier on 4 February 1918 in Paris.
+His father died in tragic circumstances in 1898 when his son was 8. He was the captain of the French transatlantic liner [[SS La Bourgogne|SS ''La Bourgogne'']] accidentally rammed in thick fog by the sailing ship [[Cromartyshire (ship)|''Cromartyshire'']] off [[Sable Island]] with a high death toll. Captain Deloncle did his best to organize rescue in difficult circumstances and refusing to leave the bridge went down with his ship.<ref name="Look and Learn History Picture Library 2022">{{cite web | title=A victim of duty: Captain Deloncle, commander of the Bourgogne | website=Look and Learn History Picture Library | date=2022-01-05 | url=https://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M277301/A-victim-of-duty-Captain-Deloncle-commander-of-the-Bourgogne }}</ref> Eugène Deloncle was a graduate of the [[École Polytechnique]], and worked as a naval engineer for the [[French Navy]]. He married Mercedes Cahier on 4 February 1918 in Paris.
-==World War I==
+===World War I===
 Deloncle served as an [[artillery]] officer during [[World War I]], including the [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] frontline, where he was wounded.
 ==1930s political activity==
+{{See also|Action Française}}
-Initially supportive of the [[integralism|integralist]] ''[[Action française]]'', he left the movement in 1935 because of the perception of inaction of older organisations in combating the French left. Deloncle founded his own group, the ''Comité Secret d'Action Révolutionnaire'' (CSAR), with similar political goals. The new group was also known by the pseudonym of ''[[La Cagoule]'' ("The Hood"]), a term that was first applied by [[Charles Maurras]] and [[Maurice Pujo]] of ''[[Action Française]]'', as the group's tactics reminded them of the American [[Ku Klux Klan]], and the name was subsequently was embraced by the press.<ref name="ContemporaryHistory-1975">{{cite journal|title=The Condottieri Of The Collaboration Mouvement Social Révolutionaire|first=Bertram M.|last=Gordon|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=10|series=2|date=1975|issue=2|pages=261–282|publisher=Sage Publications, Inc|doi=10.1177/002200947501000203|jstor=260147|s2cid=143694710|language=en|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/260147|access-date=1 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802032042/https://www.jstor.org/stable/260147|archive-date=2 August 2021}} [https://archive.org/download/2021-08-01a-the-condottieri-of-the-collaboration-mouvement-social-revolutionaire-bertram-gordon/2021-08-01a%20The%20Condottieri%20of%20the%20Collaboration%20-%20Mouvement%20Social%20R%C3%A9volutionaire%20-%20Bertram%20Gordon.png Alt URL]</ref> "The Hood" was a fascist and anti-communist terrorist group that kept the [[Orleanist]] and strongly anti-[[French Third Republic|republican]] line of the Action française but added the rhetoric of fascism. "The Hood" was formed to overthrow the leftist [[Popular Front]] government of [[Léon Blum]] and in the 1930s was responsible for assassinations, including the assassination of the Rosselli brothers assignation (antifascist refugees from Italy),<ref name="ContemporaryHistory-1975"/> and terrorist attacks, including the bombing of several Paris synagogues.
+Initially supportive of the [[integralism|integralist]] {{lang|fr|Action Française}}, he left the movement in 1935 because of his perception of inaction by older organisations in combating the French left. Deloncle founded his own group, the ''Comité Secret d'Action Révolutionnaire'' (CSAR), with similar political goals. The new group was also known by the pseudonym of {{lang|fr|[[La Cagoule]]}} ('The Hood'), a term that was first applied by [[Charles Maurras]] and [[Maurice Pujo]] of {{lang|fr|Action Française}}, as the group's tactics reminded them of the American [[Ku Klux Klan]]; the name was subsequently embraced by the press.<ref name="ContemporaryHistory-1975">{{cite journal|title=The Condottieri of the Collaboration Mouvement Social Révolutionaire|first=Bertram M.|last=Gordon|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=10|series=2|date=1975|issue=2|pages=261–282|publisher=Sage Publications, Inc|doi=10.1177/002200947501000203|jstor=260147|s2cid=143694710|language=en|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/260147|access-date=1 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802032042/https://www.jstor.org/stable/260147|archive-date=2 August 2021}} [https://archive.org/download/2021-08-01a-the-condottieri-of-the-collaboration-mouvement-social-revolutionaire-bertram-gordon/2021-08-01a%20The%20Condottieri%20of%20the%20Collaboration%20-%20Mouvement%20Social%20R%C3%A9volutionaire%20-%20Bertram%20Gordon.png Alt URL]</ref> ''The Hood'' was a fascist and anti-communist terrorist group that kept the [[Orleanist]] and strongly anti-[[French Third Republic|republican]] line of the {{lang|fr|[[Action Française]]}}, but added the rhetoric of fascism. It was formed to overthrow the leftist [[Popular Front]] government of [[Léon Blum]]. In the 1930s the ''Hood'' was responsible for assassinations, including those of the antifascist activists and refugees, [[Carlo Rosselli]] and his brother Nello in June 1937, and terrorist attacks, including the bombing of several Paris synagogues.<ref name="ContemporaryHistory-1975"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pugliese |first1=Stanislao G. |title=Revisiting an Assassination: The Death of Carlo Rosselli |journal=Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy |date=2007 |pages=11–22 |doi=10.1057/9780230606913_2}}</ref>
-==World War II==
+==World War II and death==
-In 1940, with the [[Fall of France]] during [[World War II]] and the [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[Military history of France during World War II|period of occupation]], Deloncle created a movement backing [[Vichy France]] and [[Philippe Pétain]], the ''[[Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire]]'' (MSR, Social Revolutionary Movement). MSR, a more radical form of the Cagoule, strongly supported Pétain's [[traditionalism]], and the political experiment that was being engineered in Southern France. Afterwards, he approached the [[National Popular Rally]] (RNP) of [[Marcel Déat]], but conflicts with the latter got him expelled in May 1942, when he was succeeded as leader by [[Jean Fontenoy]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Littlejohn|first=David|title=The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-occupied Europe, 1940-45|publisher=Heinemann| year=1972|isbn=978-0-434-42725-3|page=213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78whAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025720/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=78whAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
+In 1940, with the [[Fall of France]] during [[World War II]] and the [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[Military history of France during World War II|period of occupation]], Deloncle created a movement backing [[Philippe Pétain]]'s "[[French State]]", the {{lang|fr|[[Mouvement Social Révolutionnaire]]}} (MSR, 'Social Revolutionary Movement'). MSR, a more radical form of the {{lang|fr|Cagoule}}, strongly supported Pétain's [[social conservatism]] and [[reactionary]] aims; it viewed with approval the political experiment that was being engineered in [[Vichy France]] in the south of the country. Afterwards, he approached the [[National Popular Rally]] (RNP) of [[Marcel Déat]], but conflicts with Déat saw him expelled in May 1942, when he was succeeded as leader by [[Jean Fontenoy]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Littlejohn|first=David|title=The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-occupied Europe, 1940-45|publisher=Heinemann| year=1972|isbn=978-0-434-42725-3|page=213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78whAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025720/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=78whAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y|archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
+Deloncle's involvement with the {{lang|de|[[Abwehr]]}} made him an enemy of the [[Gestapo]]. After plotting with the {{lang|de|Abwehr}} against Hitler, he was shot by the [[Gestapo]] on 17 January 1944,<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=J.|title=France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|page=192|isbn=978-0-19-925457-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWC0l3xmB9wC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802031129/https://books.google.com/books?id=CWC0l3xmB9wC|archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> in an [[assassination]] in which his son Louis was seriously wounded.
-==Death==
-Deloncle's involvement with the '[Abwehr]] made him an enemy of the [[Gestapo]]. After plotting with the Abwehr against Hitler, he was shot by the [[Gestapo]] on 17 January 1944,<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=J.|title=France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|page=192|isbn=978-0-19-925457-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWC0l3xmB9wC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802031129/https://books.google.com/books?id=CWC0l3xmB9wC|archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> in an [[assassination]] in which his son (Louis) was seriously wounded.
 ==Awards==
-On 16 June 1920, Deloncle was made a {{Lang|fr|Chevalier}} (Knight) of the [[Legion of Honour]].{{sfn | Nationales|DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène
+On 16 June 1920, Deloncle was made a {{lang|fr|Chevalier}} (Knight) of the [[Legion of Honour]].{{sfn|Nationales|DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène}}
-}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 47: / Line 46: @@
 ===Sources===
-* {{cite web|others=Le Commandant Louis Deloncle|title=Le Monde illustré|website=Gallica|date=16 July 1898|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6458033d|language=fr|ref={{sfnref | Le Monde illustré}}}}
+* {{cite news |last=Lefevre |first=Maurice |title=Souvenirs de la ''Bourgogne'': Le Commandant Louis Deloncle|work=Le Monde illustré|via=Gallica|date=16 July 1898|pages=44−46|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6458033d/f4.item|language=fr|ref={{sfnref|Le Monde illustré}}}}
 * {{cite web|last1=Nationales|first1=Archives|last2=DELONCLE Antoine Octave Eugène|title=Archives nationales|url=https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/108989#show|website=Léonore database|language=fr}}

v t e Far-right politics in France
Precursors	Bonald Boulanger de Gobineau de Maistre Drumont de Lapouge
Pre-1945 groups	Action Française Antisemitic League of France Breton National Party Camelots du Roi Croix-de-Feu Faisceau French National-Collectivist Party French Popular Party Jeunesses Patriotes La Cagoule Ligue des Patriotes Milice Mouvement Franciste National Popular Rally Revolutionary Social Movement Service d'ordre légionnaire Solidarité Française
Pre-1945 people	Barrès Bainville Benoist-Méchin Bonnard Brasillach Bucard Clémenti Coston Darnard Daudet Déat Deloncle Déroulède Dorgères Doriot Drieu La Rochelle Guénon Laval Maulnier Maurras Maxence Ousset Pétain Plateau Pujo Rebatet Vallat Vaugeois
Defunct post-1945 groups	Charles Martel Group Europe-Action European Rally for Liberty Fédération d'action nationale et européenne Federation of Nationalist Students French and European Nationalist Party Front Algérie Française Groupe Union Défense Jeune Nation L'Œuvre Française Nouvelle Résistance Occident Ordre Nouveau Organisation Armée Secrète Party of New Forces Phalange Française Radical Network Rassemblement National Français Revolutionary Nationalist Groups Troisième Voie Unité Radicale
Active groups	Action Française Adsav AGRIF Alsace First Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain Cité catholique Civitas Carrefour de l'Horloge Debout la France Equality and Reconciliation Europe-Jeunesse The Nationalists French Renewal Generation Identity GRECE League of the South National Council of European Resistance National Republican Movement Party of France Rassemblement National Reconquête Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms Terre et Peuple The Patriots
Post-1945 people	Aliot Antony Ayoub Bardèche Bardella Bay Benedetti Binet Bompard Bouchet Bousquet Blot Brigneau Briois Camus Coston de Benoist de Lesquen Dior Duprat Faye Fredriksen Gollnisch Holeindre Jalkh Lang Le Gallou Le Pen (Jean-Marie) Le Pen (Marine) Luce Maribe Malliarakis Maréchal Mégret Ménard Messiha Philippot Pujo Rachline Ravier Reynouard Saint-Loup Sidos Soral Stirbois Susini Tixier-Vignancour Venner Vial Zemmour
Ideologies and movements	Boulangisme Maurrassisme Nouvelle Droite Pétainism Révolution nationale
Active publications and media	Boulevard Voltaire Éléments Minute National-Hebdo [fr] Nouvelle École Présent Radio Courtoisie Rivarol TV-Libertés
Notable events	Dreyfus affair Franco-Prussian War (Revanchism) 6 February 1934 crisis Vichy France Algerian War (Algiers putsch of 1961)

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF
National	France BnF data Germany
Other	IdRef