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| name = V. K. Wellington Koo
| name = V. K. Wellington Koo
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Vi-Hyuin Wellington Koo, Half length, standing, facing front, outdoors.jpg
| image = Wellington Koo 1945.jpg
| caption = V.K. Wellington Koo, circa 1912
| caption = V.K. Wellington Koo in 1945
| nationality = Chinese
| nationality = Chinese
| office=[[Premier of the Republic of China]]
| office=[[Premier of the Republic of China]]
Line 44: Line 44:
Koo returned to China in 1912 to serve the new [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] as English Secretary to President [[Yuan Shikai]]. In 1915, Koo was made China's Minister to the United States and Cuba. In 1919, he was a member of the Chinese delegation to the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], led by Foreign Minister [[Lou Tseng-Tsiang]]. Before the Western powers and Japan, he demanded that [[Shandong Problem|Japan return Shandong]] to China. He also called for an end to imperialist institutions such as extraterritoriality, tariff controls, legation guards, and lease holds. The Western powers refused his claims and, consequently, the Chinese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference was the only nation that did not sign the [[Treaty of Versailles]] at the signing ceremony.
Koo returned to China in 1912 to serve the new [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] as English Secretary to President [[Yuan Shikai]]. In 1915, Koo was made China's Minister to the United States and Cuba. In 1919, he was a member of the Chinese delegation to the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], led by Foreign Minister [[Lou Tseng-Tsiang]]. Before the Western powers and Japan, he demanded that [[Shandong Problem|Japan return Shandong]] to China. He also called for an end to imperialist institutions such as extraterritoriality, tariff controls, legation guards, and lease holds. The Western powers refused his claims and, consequently, the Chinese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference was the only nation that did not sign the [[Treaty of Versailles]] at the signing ceremony.


Koo also was involved in the formation of the [[League of Nations]] as China's first representative to the newly formed League. He was briefly Acting Premier, Interim President, and Foreign Minister in 1926–1927 during a period of chaos in Beijing under [[Zhang Zuolin]]. He represented China at the League of Nations to protest the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]]. He served as the Chinese Ambassador to France from 1936–1940, until France was occupied by Germany. Afterwards, he was the Chinese Ambassador to the [[Court of St James's]] until 1946. In 1945, Koo was one of the founding members of the United Nations. He later became the Chinese Ambassador to the United States and focused in maintaining the alliance between the Republic of China and the United States as the [[Kuomintang]] began losing to the [[Communist Party of China|Communists]] and had to retreat to Taiwan.<ref>http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12140-013-9201-z</ref>
Koo also was involved in the formation of the [[League of Nations]] as China's first representative to the newly formed League. He was briefly Acting Premier, Interim President, and Foreign Minister in 1926–1927 during a period of chaos in Beijing under [[Zhang Zuolin]]. He represented China at the League of Nations to protest the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]]. He served as the Chinese Ambassador to France from 1936–1940, until France was occupied by Germany. Afterwards, he was the Chinese Ambassador to the [[Court of St James's]] until 1946. In 1945, Koo was one of the founding members of the United Nations. He later became the Chinese Ambassador to the United States and focused in maintaining the alliance between the Republic of China and the United States as the [[Kuomintang]] began losing to the [[Communist Party of China|Communists]] and had to retreat to Taiwan.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s12140-013-9201-z}}</ref>


Koo retired from the Chinese diplomatic service in 1956. In 1956 he became a judge of the [[International Court of Justice]] in The Hague and served as Vice-President of the Court during the final three years of his term. In 1967, he retired and moved to New York City, where he lived until his death in 1985.<ref name=obit>{{cite news |coauthors= |title=V.K. Wellington Koo Dies. A Former Premier Of China |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/16/world/vk-wellington-koo-dies-a-former-premier-of-chine.html |quote=Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, a Nationalist Chinese diplomat, a former Prime Minister and a signer of the United Nations Charter, died Thursday night at his home in Manhattan. Dr. Koo, whose ties to the United States date from his student days at Columbia University, was 97 years old. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=November 16, 1985 |accessdate=2013-12-09 |first=Wolfgang |last=Saxon}}</ref>
Koo retired from the Chinese diplomatic service in 1956. In 1956 he became a judge of the [[International Court of Justice]] in The Hague and served as Vice-President of the Court during the final three years of his term. In 1967, he retired and moved to New York City, where he lived until his death in 1985.<ref name=obit>{{cite news |coauthors= |title=V.K. Wellington Koo Dies. A Former Premier Of China |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/16/world/vk-wellington-koo-dies-a-former-premier-of-chine.html |quote=Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, a Nationalist Chinese diplomat, a former Prime Minister and a signer of the United Nations Charter, died Thursday night at his home in Manhattan. Dr. Koo, whose ties to the United States date from his student days at Columbia University, was 97 years old. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=November 16, 1985 |accessdate=2013-12-09 |first=Wolfgang |last=Saxon}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
In 1908, Koo married his first wife, Chang Jun-e ({{zh|t=張潤娥|s=张润娥|p=Zhāng Rùn'é}}). They divorced prior to 1912.<ref>Richard Dean Burns and Edward Moore Bennett, ''Diplomats in Crisis: United States-Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941'' (ABC-Clio, 1974), pages 127 and 148</ref>
In 1908, Koo married his first wife, Chang Jun-e ({{zh|t=張潤娥|s=张润娥|p=Zhāng Rùn'é}}). They divorced prior to 1912.<ref>Burns, Richard Dean and Bennett, Edward Moore (1974) ''Diplomats in Crisis: United States-Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941''. ABC-Clio. ISBN 0686840127. pp. 127 and 148</ref>


Koo's second wife, Tang Pao-yu "May" ({{zh|t=唐寶玥|s=唐宝玥|p=Táng Bǎoyuè}}; c. 1895–1918), was the youngest daughter of the former Chinese prime minister [[Tang Shaoyi]] and a first cousin of the painter and actress [[Mai-Mai Sze]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786326,00.html | work=Time | date=30 April 1928}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,751602,00.html | work=Time | date=21 February 1927}}</ref><ref>http://www.old-picture.com/american-history-1900-1930s/Wellington-wife-and-Koo.htm</ref><ref>"Chinese Minister to Mexico Chosen: V.K. Wellington Koo, Graduate of Columbia, Also Envoy to Peru and Cuba", The New York Times, 26 July 1915</ref> Their marriage took place soon after Koo's return to China in 1912. She died in an influenza epidemic in 1918.<ref>Boorman ''Biographical Dictionary'' Vol II p. 255.</ref> They had two children: a son, Teh-chang Koo (1916–1998),<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DEEDE1E3FF937A25754C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | work=The New York Times | title=Paid Notice: Deaths KOO, TEH, CHANG | date=14 July 1998}}</ref> and a daughter, Patricia Koo (b. 1918).
Koo's second wife, Tang Pao-yu "May" ({{zh|t=唐寶玥|s=唐宝玥|p=Táng Bǎoyuè}}; c. 1895–1918), was the youngest daughter of the former Chinese prime minister [[Tang Shaoyi]] and a first cousin of the painter and actress [[Mai-Mai Sze]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786326,00.html | work=Time | date=30 April 1928|title=CAMPAIGNS: China Man}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,751602,00.html | work=Time | date=21 February 1927|title=Foreign News: Wise Wives}}</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E03E3D61038E633A25755C2A9619C946496D6CF "Chinese Minister to Mexico Chosen: V.K. Wellington Koo, Graduate of Columbia, Also Envoy to Peru and Cuba"], The New York Times, 26 July 1915</ref> Their marriage took place soon after Koo's return to China in 1912. She died in an influenza epidemic in 1918.<ref name="Boorman"/> They had two children: a son, Teh-chang Koo (1916–1998),<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DEEDE1E3FF937A25754C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print | work=The New York Times | title=Paid Notice: Deaths KOO, TEH, CHANG | date=14 July 1998}}</ref> and a daughter, Patricia Koo (b. 1918).
Koo's third wife was Oei Hui-lan ({{zh|t=黃蕙蘭|s=黄蕙兰|p=Huáng Huìlán}}; 1899–1992).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFD91F3AF931A2575BC0A966958260 | work=The New York Times | title=Tracy Tang to Wed Stephen Limpe | date=12 August 1990}}</ref><ref>http://archive.is/20120719175213/http://lafayette.150m.com/asia.html</ref><ref>http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/2888</ref> She married Koo in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] in 1921.<ref>Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, "Mme. Koo Sees Our Future Linked With China's", The New York Times, 5 February 1939</ref><ref>http://lafayette.150m.com/asia.html</ref> (She was reportedly previously the wife of Count Wittingham or of Count Hoey Stoker.)<ref>"General News", ''The Herald and Presbyter'', 20 October 1920, page 21</ref><ref>"Alumni Notes", ''Columbia Alumni News'', Volume 12 (1 April 1921), page 378</ref><ref>Susan Mann, ''Margaret Macdonald: Imperial Daughter'' (McGill-Queen's Press), page 147</ref> Much admired for her adaptations of traditional Manchu fashion, which she wore with lace trousers and jade necklaces,<ref>Mary Van Renssaelaer Thayer, "Mme. Koo Sees Our Future Linked With China's", The New York Times, 5 February 1939</ref> Oei Hui-lan was one of the 42 acknowledged children of the [[Peranakan|Peranakan Chinese]] sugar magnate [[Oei Tiong Ham]].<ref>"Obituary: Mme. Oei Tong Ham, Mother in Law of Dr. Koo, Chinese Ambassador to U.S.", The New York Times, 1 February 1947</ref> She wrote two memoirs: ''Hui-Lan Koo (Mrs. Wellington Koo): An Autobiography'' (written with Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, Dial Press, 1945)<ref>"Mrs. Koo Explains Withdrawal of Book", The New York Times, 27 April 1943</ref><ref>"Mrs. Wellington Koo's Life Story", The New York Times, 31 October 1945</ref> and ''No Feast Lasts Forever'' (written with Isabella Taves, Quadrangle/The New York Times, 1975).<ref>http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/4/1/lifearts/17275500&sec=lifearts</ref> Koo had two sons with her: Yu-chang Koo (1922–1975, also Wellington Koo, Jr.) and Fu-chang Koo (1923–1977, a.k.a. Freeman Koo).<ref>"Koo's Son Made Citizen; Daughter-in-Law of Ex-Envoy of China Also Takes Oath", The New York Times, 15 August 1956</ref><ref>http://www.macjannet.org/files/Publications/schoolmaster/book2.pdf</ref>
Koo's third wife was Oei Hui-lan ({{zh|t=黃蕙蘭|s=黄蕙兰|p=Huáng Huìlán}}; 1899–1992).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFD91F3AF931A2575BC0A966958260 | work=The New York Times | title=Tracy Tang to Wed Stephen Limpe | date=12 August 1990}}</ref><ref name=r1>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080216065523/http://lafayette.150m.com/asia.html Index to Lafayette photographs of Asian sitters]. lafayette.150m.com</ref><ref>[http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/2888 No Feast Lasts Forever]. thingsasian.com. 26 February 2004</ref> She married Koo in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] in 1921.<ref name=r2>Van Rensselaer Thayer, Mary (5 February 1939) "Mme. Koo Sees Our Future Linked With China's", The New York Times</ref><ref name=r1/> (She was reportedly previously the wife of Count Wittingham or of Count Hoey Stoker.)<ref>"General News", ''The Herald and Presbyter'', 20 October 1920, page 21</ref><ref>"Alumni Notes", ''Columbia Alumni News'', Volume 12 (1 April 1921), page 378</ref><ref>Mann, Susan (2010) ''Margaret Macdonald: Imperial Daughter''. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 0773538003. p. 147</ref> Much admired for her adaptations of traditional Manchu fashion, which she wore with lace trousers and jade necklaces,<ref name=r2/> Oei Hui-lan was one of the 42 acknowledged children of the [[Peranakan|Peranakan Chinese]] sugar magnate [[Oei Tiong Ham]].<ref>"Obituary: Mme. Oei Tong Ham, Mother in Law of Dr. Koo, Chinese Ambassador to U.S.", The New York Times, 1 February 1947</ref> She wrote two memoirs: ''Hui-Lan Koo (Mrs. Wellington Koo): An Autobiography'' (written with Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, Dial Press, 1945)<ref>"Mrs. Koo Explains Withdrawal of Book", The New York Times, 27 April 1943</ref><ref>"Mrs. Wellington Koo's Life Story", The New York Times, 31 October 1945</ref> and ''No Feast Lasts Forever'' (written with Isabella Taves, Quadrangle/The New York Times, 1975).<ref>Khor, Neil (April 1, 2007) [http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/4/1/lifearts/17275500&sec=lifearts An era on the cusp, captured]. thestar.com.my</ref> Koo had two sons with her: Yu-chang Koo (1922–1975, also Wellington Koo, Jr.) and Fu-chang Koo (1923–1977, a.k.a. Freeman Koo).<ref>"Koo's Son Made Citizen; Daughter-in-Law of Ex-Envoy of China Also Takes Oath", The New York Times, 15 August 1956</ref><ref>Jacobs, Herbert (1982) [http://web.archive.org/web/20120412033838/http://www.macjannet.org/files/Publications/schoolmaster/book2.pdf Schoolmaster of Kings]. macjannet.org</ref>


On 3 September 1959, Koo married his fourth wife Yen Yu-ying (a.k.a. Juliana Yen / Juliana Koo; {{zh|t=嚴幼韵|s=严幼韵|p=Yán Yòuyùn}}; b. 1905),<ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/24/lessons-of-107-birthdays-dont-exercise-avoid-medicine-and-never-look-back/ "Lessons of 107 Birthdays: Don't Exercise, Avoid Medicine and Never Look Back"], The New York Times (online), 24 September 2012</ref> the widow of Clarence Kuangson Young.<ref>Patricia Burgess, ''The Annual Obituary, 1985'' (Gale Group, 1988), page 592</ref><ref>Frances C. Locher and Ann Evory, ''Contemporary Authors: Volumes 81–84'' (Gale Research Company, 1979), page 303</ref> He had three stepdaughters from this marriage: Genevieve, Shirley, and Frances Loretta Young.<ref name="Boorman">Boorman, Biographical Dictionary Vol II p. 259.</ref><ref>Wife's maiden name given in William L. Tung, ''Revolutionary China: A Personal Account, 1926–1949'' (St. Martin's Press, 1973), page 33</ref>
On 3 September 1959, Koo married his fourth wife Yen Yu-ying (a.k.a. Juliana Yen / Juliana Koo; {{zh|t=嚴幼韵|s=严幼韵|p=Yán Yòuyùn}}; b. 1905),<ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/24/lessons-of-107-birthdays-dont-exercise-avoid-medicine-and-never-look-back/ "Lessons of 107 Birthdays: Don't Exercise, Avoid Medicine and Never Look Back"], The New York Times (online), 24 September 2012</ref> the widow of Clarence Kuangson Young.<ref>Patricia Burgess, ''The Annual Obituary, 1985'' (Gale Group, 1988), page 592</ref><ref>Frances C. Locher and Ann Evory, ''Contemporary Authors: Volumes 81–84'' (Gale Research Company, 1979), page 303</ref> He had three stepdaughters from this marriage: Genevieve, Shirley, and Frances Loretta Young.<ref name="Boorman">"Ku Wei-chun," in Howard Boorman, Richard Howard, eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of Republican China'' New York: Columbia University Press, 1968, Vol 2 pp.&nbsp;255–259.</ref><ref>Wife's maiden name given in William L. Tung, ''Revolutionary China: A Personal Account, 1926–1949'' (St. Martin's Press, 1973), page 33</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|35em}}


===Sources===
===Sources===
* "Ku Wei-chun," in Howard Boorman, Richard Howard, eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of Republican China'' New York: Columbia University Press, 1968, Vol 2 pp.&nbsp;255–259.
* Chervin, Reed H. "Turmoil in the Taiwan Strait: Wellington Koo and ROC Foreign Policy 1953-1956." ''East Asia: An International Quarterly'', 2013, Vol 4 pp.&nbsp;291–306.
* Chervin, Reed H. "Turmoil in the Taiwan Strait: Wellington Koo and ROC Foreign Policy 1953-1956." ''East Asia: An International Quarterly'', 2013, Vol 4 pp.&nbsp;291–306.
* Clements, Jonathan. ''Makers of the Modern World: Wellington Koo.'' London: Haus Publishing, 2008.
* Clements, Jonathan. ''Makers of the Modern World: Wellington Koo.'' London: Haus Publishing, 2008.

Revision as of 06:58, 21 November 2014

V. K. Wellington Koo
V.K. Wellington Koo in 1945
Premier of the Republic of China
In office
2 July 1924 – 14 September 1924
PresidentCao Kun
Preceded bySun Baoqi
Succeeded byYan Huiqing
In office
1 October 1926 – 16 June 1927
Preceded byDu Xigui
Succeeded byHu Weide
President of the Republic of China
Interim
In office
1 October 1926 – 16 June 1927
Preceded byDu Xigui (Acting)
Succeeded byZhang Zuolin
Ambassador from ROC to United States
In office
27 June 1946 – 1956
Preceded byWei Daoming
Succeeded byDong Xiangguang
Personal details
Born(1887-01-29)29 January 1887
Shanghai, Qing China
Died14 November 1985(1985-11-14) (aged 98)
New York City, New York, United States
Spouse(s)Zhang Run'e (m. 1908)
Tang Baoyue (m. 1913–1918)
Oei Hui-lan (m. 1920–1985)
Yen Yu-ying (m. 1959–1985)
ChildrenGu Dechang, Gu Juzhen, Gu Yuchang, Gu Fuchang
Alma materColumbia University
OccupationDiplomat, politician

Template:Chinese name

Wellington Koo
Traditional Chinese顧維鈞
Simplified Chinese顾维钧

V. K. Wellington Koo (29 January 1887 – 14 November 1985), whose Chinese name is variously romanized as Koo Vi Kyuin, Ku Wei-chün, and Gu Weijun, was a Chinese diplomat from the Republic of China. He was one of China's representatives at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; served as an Ambassador to France, Great Britain and the United States; was a participant in the founding of the League of Nations and the United Nations; sat as a judge on the International Court of Justice in The Hague from 1957 to 1967. Between October 1926 and June 1927, while serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Koo briefly held the concurrent positions of acting Premier and interim President of the Republic of China.[1] Koo is the first and only Chinese head of state known to use a Western name publicly.

Life and career

Born in Shanghai in 1887, Koo attended Saint John's University, Shanghai, and Columbia College, where he was a member of the Philolexian Society, a literary and debating club, and graduated in 1908. In 1912 he received his Ph.D. in international law and diplomacy from Columbia University.[1]

Koo returned to China in 1912 to serve the new Republic of China as English Secretary to President Yuan Shikai. In 1915, Koo was made China's Minister to the United States and Cuba. In 1919, he was a member of the Chinese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, led by Foreign Minister Lou Tseng-Tsiang. Before the Western powers and Japan, he demanded that Japan return Shandong to China. He also called for an end to imperialist institutions such as extraterritoriality, tariff controls, legation guards, and lease holds. The Western powers refused his claims and, consequently, the Chinese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference was the only nation that did not sign the Treaty of Versailles at the signing ceremony.

Koo also was involved in the formation of the League of Nations as China's first representative to the newly formed League. He was briefly Acting Premier, Interim President, and Foreign Minister in 1926–1927 during a period of chaos in Beijing under Zhang Zuolin. He represented China at the League of Nations to protest the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. He served as the Chinese Ambassador to France from 1936–1940, until France was occupied by Germany. Afterwards, he was the Chinese Ambassador to the Court of St James's until 1946. In 1945, Koo was one of the founding members of the United Nations. He later became the Chinese Ambassador to the United States and focused in maintaining the alliance between the Republic of China and the United States as the Kuomintang began losing to the Communists and had to retreat to Taiwan.[2]

Koo retired from the Chinese diplomatic service in 1956. In 1956 he became a judge of the International Court of Justice in The Hague and served as Vice-President of the Court during the final three years of his term. In 1967, he retired and moved to New York City, where he lived until his death in 1985.[1]

Personal life

In 1908, Koo married his first wife, Chang Jun-e (simplified Chinese: 张润娥; traditional Chinese: 張潤娥; pinyin: Zhāng Rùn'é). They divorced prior to 1912.[3]

Koo's second wife, Tang Pao-yu "May" (simplified Chinese: 唐宝玥; traditional Chinese: 唐寶玥; pinyin: Táng Bǎoyuè; c. 1895–1918), was the youngest daughter of the former Chinese prime minister Tang Shaoyi and a first cousin of the painter and actress Mai-Mai Sze.[4][5][6] Their marriage took place soon after Koo's return to China in 1912. She died in an influenza epidemic in 1918.[7] They had two children: a son, Teh-chang Koo (1916–1998),[8] and a daughter, Patricia Koo (b. 1918).

Koo's third wife was Oei Hui-lan (simplified Chinese: 黄蕙兰; traditional Chinese: 黃蕙蘭; pinyin: Huáng Huìlán; 1899–1992).[9][10][11] She married Koo in Brussels, Belgium in 1921.[12][10] (She was reportedly previously the wife of Count Wittingham or of Count Hoey Stoker.)[13][14][15] Much admired for her adaptations of traditional Manchu fashion, which she wore with lace trousers and jade necklaces,[12] Oei Hui-lan was one of the 42 acknowledged children of the Peranakan Chinese sugar magnate Oei Tiong Ham.[16] She wrote two memoirs: Hui-Lan Koo (Mrs. Wellington Koo): An Autobiography (written with Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, Dial Press, 1945)[17][18] and No Feast Lasts Forever (written with Isabella Taves, Quadrangle/The New York Times, 1975).[19] Koo had two sons with her: Yu-chang Koo (1922–1975, also Wellington Koo, Jr.) and Fu-chang Koo (1923–1977, a.k.a. Freeman Koo).[20][21]

On 3 September 1959, Koo married his fourth wife Yen Yu-ying (a.k.a. Juliana Yen / Juliana Koo; simplified Chinese: 严幼韵; traditional Chinese: 嚴幼韵; pinyin: Yán Yòuyùn; b. 1905),[22] the widow of Clarence Kuangson Young.[23][24] He had three stepdaughters from this marriage: Genevieve, Shirley, and Frances Loretta Young.[7][25]

References

  1. ^ a b c Saxon, Wolfgang (16 November 1985). "V.K. Wellington Koo Dies. A Former Premier Of China". New York Times. Retrieved 9 December 2013. Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, a Nationalist Chinese diplomat, a former Prime Minister and a signer of the United Nations Charter, died Thursday night at his home in Manhattan. Dr. Koo, whose ties to the United States date from his student days at Columbia University, was 97 years old. ... {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s12140-013-9201-z, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s12140-013-9201-z instead.
  3. ^ Burns, Richard Dean and Bennett, Edward Moore (1974) Diplomats in Crisis: United States-Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941. ABC-Clio. ISBN 0686840127. pp. 127 and 148
  4. ^ "CAMPAIGNS: China Man". Time. 30 April 1928.
  5. ^ "Foreign News: Wise Wives". Time. 21 February 1927.
  6. ^ "Chinese Minister to Mexico Chosen: V.K. Wellington Koo, Graduate of Columbia, Also Envoy to Peru and Cuba", The New York Times, 26 July 1915
  7. ^ a b "Ku Wei-chun," in Howard Boorman, Richard Howard, eds. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China New York: Columbia University Press, 1968, Vol 2 pp. 255–259.
  8. ^ "Paid Notice: Deaths KOO, TEH, CHANG". The New York Times. 14 July 1998.
  9. ^ "Tracy Tang to Wed Stephen Limpe". The New York Times. 12 August 1990.
  10. ^ a b Index to Lafayette photographs of Asian sitters. lafayette.150m.com
  11. ^ No Feast Lasts Forever. thingsasian.com. 26 February 2004
  12. ^ a b Van Rensselaer Thayer, Mary (5 February 1939) "Mme. Koo Sees Our Future Linked With China's", The New York Times
  13. ^ "General News", The Herald and Presbyter, 20 October 1920, page 21
  14. ^ "Alumni Notes", Columbia Alumni News, Volume 12 (1 April 1921), page 378
  15. ^ Mann, Susan (2010) Margaret Macdonald: Imperial Daughter. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 0773538003. p. 147
  16. ^ "Obituary: Mme. Oei Tong Ham, Mother in Law of Dr. Koo, Chinese Ambassador to U.S.", The New York Times, 1 February 1947
  17. ^ "Mrs. Koo Explains Withdrawal of Book", The New York Times, 27 April 1943
  18. ^ "Mrs. Wellington Koo's Life Story", The New York Times, 31 October 1945
  19. ^ Khor, Neil (April 1, 2007) An era on the cusp, captured. thestar.com.my
  20. ^ "Koo's Son Made Citizen; Daughter-in-Law of Ex-Envoy of China Also Takes Oath", The New York Times, 15 August 1956
  21. ^ Jacobs, Herbert (1982) Schoolmaster of Kings. macjannet.org
  22. ^ "Lessons of 107 Birthdays: Don't Exercise, Avoid Medicine and Never Look Back", The New York Times (online), 24 September 2012
  23. ^ Patricia Burgess, The Annual Obituary, 1985 (Gale Group, 1988), page 592
  24. ^ Frances C. Locher and Ann Evory, Contemporary Authors: Volumes 81–84 (Gale Research Company, 1979), page 303
  25. ^ Wife's maiden name given in William L. Tung, Revolutionary China: A Personal Account, 1926–1949 (St. Martin's Press, 1973), page 33

Sources

  • Chervin, Reed H. "Turmoil in the Taiwan Strait: Wellington Koo and ROC Foreign Policy 1953-1956." East Asia: An International Quarterly, 2013, Vol 4 pp. 291–306.
  • Clements, Jonathan. Makers of the Modern World: Wellington Koo. London: Haus Publishing, 2008.
  • Craft, Stephen G. V.K. Wellington Koo and the Emergence of Modern China. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003.
  • Hui-lan Oei Koo, with Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, Hui-Lan Koo: An Autobiography New York: Dial Press, 1943.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wellington Koo.
Political offices
Preceded by Premier of the Republic of China
1924 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Republic of China
1926–1927 		Succeeded byas Generalissimo of the Military Government
Preceded by Premier of the Republic of China
1926–1927 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by China's Ambassador to the United States
1946–1956 		Succeeded by

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