1265
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Years: 1262 1263 1264 – 1265 – 1266 1267 1268 |
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| Decades: 1230s 1240s 1250s – 1260s – 1270s 1280s 1290s |
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| Centuries: 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
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| 1265 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders - Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1265 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1265 MCCLXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2018 |
| Armenian calendar | 714 ԹՎ ՉԺԴ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -579 – -578 |
| Berber calendar | 2215 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1809 |
| Burmese calendar | 627 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6773 – 6774 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲子年十二月十三日 (3901/3961-12-13) — to —
乙丑年十一月廿三日(3902/3962-11-23) |
| Coptic calendar | 981 – 982 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1257 – 1258 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5025 – 5026 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1320 – 1321 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1187 – 1188 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4366 – 4367 |
| Holocene calendar | 11265 |
| Iranian calendar | 643 – 644 |
| Islamic calendar | 663 – 664 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3598 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1808 |
Contents |
[edit] Events
[edit] Europe
[edit] War and politics
- January 20 – In Westminster, the first elected English parliament (De Montfort's Parliament) conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament.
- May 28: Future King Edward I of England escapes the captivity of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
- August 4 – The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.
- Reconquista: King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors.
- The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule.
- Mongol armies, led by Nogai Khan, raid Thrace.
- In the first major battle in 5 years since the Song Dynasty Chinese pushed the forces of Kublai Khan back across the Yangzi River after Mongke Khan's failed invasion in 1259, Kublai Khan engages the Chinese in Sichuan province. Kublai gains a preliminary victory and war booty of 146 captured Song Dynasty naval ships.
[edit] Culture
- The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.
- The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.
- Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for papal bulls.
- February 5 – Pope Clement IV succeeds Pope Urban IV as the 183rd pope.
[edit] Africa and Asia
- The Mamluk Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.
- Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.
- Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.
- India,Delhi:Ghiyas-Ud-Din-Balban comes to the throne and introduces Sijdah.
[edit] Births
- May 10 – Emperor Fushimi of Japan (d. 1317)
- c. June 1 – Dante (d. 1321)
- King Alfonso III of Aragon
[edit] Deaths
- January 20 – John Maunsell, Lord Chancellor of England
- February 8 – Hulagu Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1217)
- April 25 – Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English politician (b. 1195)
- May 16 – Saint Simon Stock, English saint (b. c. 1165)
- August 4 – Killed in the Battle Of Evesham:
- December 3 – Odofredus, Italian jurist
- Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician (b. 1200)
File:Edward I of England – Illustration from Cassell's History of England – Century Edition – published circa 1902.jpg
Future English King Edward I escapes captivity and defeats Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.
