Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في لبنان | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Ali Hijazi |
| Founded | 1953 |
| Headquarters | Beirut |
| Ideology | Ba'athism |
| National affiliation | March 8 Alliance |
| International affiliation | Syrian-led Ba'ath Party |
| Colors | Black, Red, White and Green (Pan-Arab colors) |
| Parliament of Lebanon | 1 / 128 |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Part of a series on |
| Ba'athism |
|---|
|
The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, commonly known as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Lebanon (Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في لبنان Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī fī Lubnān) and officially the Lebanon Regional Branch, is a political party in Lebanon. It is the regional branch of the Damascus-based Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The leadership has been disputed since 2015; however, Fayez Shukr was the party leader from 2006 to 2015, when he succeeded Sayf al-Din Ghazi who in turn succeeded Assem Qanso.
History
The Lebanese branch of the undivided Ba'ath Party had been formed in 1949–1950.[1] Assem Qanso is the longest-serving secretary (leader) of the Lebanese Ba'ath Party;[2] first from 1971 to 1989 and again from 2000 to 2005.[3] In 1953 it merged with Arab Socialist Party headed by Akram Hourani, and the current title was adopted.[1] One of its secretary generals was Abdullah Al Amin, and the headquarters is in Beirut.[1]
During the Lebanese Civil War, the party had an armed militia, the Assad Battalion.[4] The party joined forces with Kamal Jumblatt's Progressive Socialist Party in organizing the Lebanese National Movement, seeking to abolish the confessional state.[5] The Lebanese National Movement was later superseded by the Lebanese National Resistance Front, in which the party participated.[5] The party organized resistance against Israeli forces in Lebanon.[5] In July 1987 it took part in forming yet another front, the Unification and Liberation Front.[5]
In the 2009 parliamentary election, the party won two seats as part of the March 8 Alliance. The parliamentarians of the party are Assem Qanso and Qassem Hashem.[6]
The Lebanese Ba'ath Party is also militarily involved in the Syrian Civil War, and has sent forces under its control to aid Bashar al-Assad's government against the Syrian opposition. One contingent, allegedly 400 fighters strong, took part in the Daraa offensive (June 2017).[7] Its commander, Hussein Ali Rabiha from Nabatieh, was killed during this operation.[8]
Prior to the 2018 Lebanese general election, the Lebanese Ba'ath Party had suffered a split, with Regional Secretary Assem Qanso and Numan Shalq heading in different directions.[9] Both factions had nominated candidates for the elections, but none was accepted into a list and were thus eliminated from the polls. Reportedly, the Syrian ambassador, Ali Abdul Karim, had lobbied against any list accepting Qanso's candidates, as his group is not recognized from Damascus. A Baathist politician, Kassem Hachem, was included in a list in South III as Amal candidate, but not on behalf of the party. Former Regional Secretary Fayez Shukr headed a list in Bekaa III.[10] On 7 April 2019, the Lebanese Ba'ath Party and other parties staged pro-Syrian demonstrations in Beirut; this was the "first such show of its kind" since 2005.[11]
Party leaders
- Mahmoud Baydoun (1966–1969)
- Magali Nasrawin (1969–1971)
- Assem Qanso (1971–1989)
- Abdullah Al Amin (1989–1993)
- Abdallah Chahal (1993–1996)
- Sayf al-Din Ghazi (1996–2000)
- Assem Qanso (2000–2005)
- Sayf al-Din Ghazi (2005–2006)
- Fayez Shukr (2006–2015)
- Disputed (2015–present)
Legislative Elections
| House of Representatives | ||||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | ???? (#6) | ??? | 2 / 128
|
 2 |
Abdullah Al-Amin
| |
| 1996 | ???? (#5) | ??? | 2 / 128
|
 |
Abdallah Chahal
| |
| 2000 | ???? (#5) | ??? | 3 / 128
|
1 |
Sayf al-Din Ghazi
| |
| 2005 | ???? (#7) | ??? | 1 / 128
|
 2 |
Assem Qanso
| |
| 2009 | ???? (#7) | ??? | 2 / 128
|
1 |
Fayez Shukr
| |
| 2018 | 88,268 | 4.72 | 1 / 128
|
1 |
Disputed
| |
See also
- Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party
- Lebanese Civil War
- Lebanese National Movement
- Mountain War (Lebanon)
References
- ^ a b c David Seddon (2004). A political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East. London; New York: Europa Publications. p. 85. ISBN 1-85743-212-6.
- ^ "The future of Syria's pawns in Lebanon". www.lebanonwire.com. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ The Soviet Union and the Middle East. Vol. 8. Indiana University. 1983. p. 20.
- ^ Syria: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. 2004. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-4191-5022-7.
- ^ a b c d Edgar O'Ballance (1998). Civil War in Lebanon, 1975–92. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 62, 149, 179. ISBN 0-312-21593-2.
- ^ "March14 – March 8 MPs". NOW Lebanon. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ "The Lebanese Baath Party Announces The Death Of Its Leader In Daraa". Wasioun News. 6 July 2017. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ "Militias of Lebanese Baath party Along with the Assad forces in the battles of Daraa". Needa. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ قرارات طرد ستطال قياديين بعثيين. khiyam.com (in Arabic). 8 January 2017.
- ^ خاص - حزب البعث خارج السباق الإنتخابي .. فما علاقة الحلفاء؟. alkalimaonline.com (in Arabic). 7 April 2018.
- ^ Sami Moubayed (14 April 2019). "Syria political influence beats the odds, again, in Lebanon". Arab Weekly. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
External links
| Ministers (24) |
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Assembly (128) |
| ||||||||
- 1953 establishments in Lebanon
- Arab nationalism in Lebanon
- Arab nationalist militant groups
- Ba'athist parties
- Ba'athist regional branches
- Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
- Lebanese National Movement
- Lebanese National Resistance Front
- March 8 Alliance
- Nationalist parties in Lebanon
- Political parties established in 1953
- Pro-government factions of the Syrian civil war
- Socialist parties in Lebanon
- Axis of Resistance