Julian Scherner
Julian Scherner | |
|---|---|
| Born | 23 September 1895 Bagamoyo, German East Africa |
| Died | 28 April 1945 (aged 49) Niepołomice, Poland |
| Allegiance |  German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1922) Nazi Germany |
| Service/ |  Waffen-SS |
| Years of service | 1932-1945 |
| Rank |  SS-Oberführer (Senior Colonel) |
| Commands held | SS-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 11 Reinhard Heydrich SS-Truppenübungsplatz Böhmen SS and Police Leader of Kraków |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | EK II War Merit Cross First Class with Swords War Merit Cross Second Class with Swords Wound Badge Cross of Honor |
Julian Scherner (September 23, 1895 – April 28, 1945) was a Nazi Party official who served in the SS as an SS-Oberführer (Senior Colonel). Scherner is most notorious for his career as SS and Police Leader of Kraków, Poland.
Life and Death
Born in colonial Bagamoyo, German East Africa, Scherner attended a Kadettenschule or military cadet school in Imperial Germany from 1905 to 1914. In 1914, he joined the Reichsheer or Imperial army. After retiring from the military in 1920 he joined the Freikorps Oberland and in 1923 he took part in the Hitler-Ludendorff Putsch. In 1932 he joined the SS and the Nazi Party. In 1937, he became head of the Dachau SS-Führerschule or SS officers school. From September 1939 to 11 November 1939 he was regimental commander of the SS-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 11 "Reinhard Heydrich". From summer to the winter of 1940, he was commander of the 8 Totenkopf-Standarte. As an SS garrison commander of Prague, Scherner was busy between January to September 1941 in the preparations for the establishment of the SS-Truppenübungsplatz Böhmen at Beneschau, Bohemia.
On 4 August 1941, Scherner was appointed SS- und Polizeiführer (SS and Police Leader) in Nazi occupied Kraków. As such, he was responsible for the deportations to the Bełżec extermination camp, the mass shootings in Tarnów and all 'evacuations' that took place during his time there - including Aktion Krakau. He dissolved the ghetto in his own district (Kraków Ghetto) by deportating the population to Auschwitz.
His position afforded him a great deal of authority in many areas, as the title of SS and Police Leader was conferred to high-ranking Nazi Party members, reporting directly to Himmler's deputy. Like Amon Göth, however, Scherner was far too interested in the confiscated goods from the Plaszow camp.[1] Scherner was transferred to Dachau in April 1944 and appeared before an SS Court (the dreaded Hauptamt SS-Gericht) on 16 October 1944. As a result Scherner was demoted from SS-Oberführer der Reserve in the Waffen-SS to SS Hauptsturmführer der Reserve and transferred to the Dirlewanger Brigade (formally the 36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS) under SS-Oberführer Dr. Oskar Dirlewanger.
Scherner's rank in the Allgemeine SS was not changed, however.
His death was as murky and obscure as his career. He was found dead shortly before the war ended in a wooded area near Niepołomice in southern Poland.
Summary of his military career
Dates of rank
- SS-Untersturmführer - July 31, 1933
- SS-Obersturmführer - December 24, 1933
- SS-Hauptsturmführer - March 1, 1934
- SS-Sturmbannführer - August 12, 1934
- SS-Obersturmbannführer - January 1, 1935
- SS-Standartenführer - January 30, 1936
- SS-Oberführer - September 12, 1937
Scherner's stagnant career, where he held the rank of Oberführer for nearly eight years while many of his junior SS brethren passed into the ranks of SS-Generals, is speculated by historians as a result of Scherner making enemies in the SS leadership and thus he was never recommended for a higher rank. (Source: Mark Yerger)
Notable decorations
- Iron Cross Second Class
- SS-Honour Ring
- War Merit Cross First Class with Swords
- War Merit Cross Second Class with Swords
- Cross of Honor
- Wound Badge in Black
- Honor Sword of Reichsführer SS
- Coburg Badge
- Blood Order
In popular culture
In the film Schindler's List, Julian Scherner's character was played by Polish actor Andrzej Seweryn. Oskar Schindler was carrying out his work in the area under Scherner's supervision, and the two knew each other formally. In the film he is portrayed as a cold and calculating man, if somewhat coarse, and the extent of their relationship is detailed in the movie.
References
- Gordon Williamson, Knight's Cross, Oak-Leaves and Swords Recipients 1941-45 (Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2006) ISBN 1-84176-643-7.
- Christopher Ailsby, SS: Roll of Infamy ISBN 1-897884-22-2 (1997).
- Gerald Reitlinger, The SS : Alibi of a Nation 1922-1945 (1981)