Konghanzheng
Konghanzheng (simplified Chinese: 恐韩症; traditional Chinese: 恐韓症; pinyin: kǒng hán zhèng; Korean: 공한증) or Koreaphobia, a term coined by Chinese football fans, was a Chinese persistent phenomenon where the Chinese national football team has played 28 matches in against the South Korean team since 1978 but never been able to beat them until the streak ended on 10 February 2010 when Korea was beaten 3–0 in the 2010 East Asian Football Championship Final Competition.
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[edit] Overview
The term literally means "the symptom of fearing Korea". This term was originally used by the Chinese mass media and was later adopted by the Korean media as well. Outside of football, it has also been used to denote the frequent defeats suffered by Chinese go players at the hands of Koreans such as Lee Chang-ho.[1]
As of 2010, the Korea Republic football team has recorded 16 wins, 11 draws and 1 loss in its 28 international "A" matches with China. The very first game between the two sides was held in the 1978 Asian Games in Bangkok on December 17, 1978. The Koreans won that game 1–0 with a goal by Cha Bum Kun. The most recent match was at the 3rd East Asian tournament in Chongqing on February 17, 2008. At that time, Park Chu-Young and Kwak Tae-Hwi scored and Korea won by 3–2. In the Olympic Games, the South Korean team has amassed 7 wins and 1 draw against the Chinese side. This term also held true to the Youth teams of the respective countries, until China beat the Korean side 1–0 in the 2000 Asian Youth Championships (though Koreans still keep a dominant record otherwise).
While this term may be seen as an effort to diminish the achievements of the Korean side, the Chinese media has historically taken a positive attitude acknowledging the Korean team's preeminence among East Asian sides.[2] In Korea, this term is often used as a general term for national victory, as when Korean baseball fans express a desire to create "Koreaphobia" among the Japanese.[3]
This concept is often paired with the Korean wave (hallyu) in Korean discourse regarding their relationship with China and other Asian countries.[4]
Lin Xiaohua, the vice chairman of Chinese Football Association said before the match on February 10, 2010, "Koreanphobia comes from the differences in ability, now that becomes much narrower. Therefore, if the mentality is enhanced, our team can overcome Koreanphobia". He also said that the association will invite psychotherapists for the PRC national football team to cope with the psychological pressure and defeatism for the future.[5]
[edit] All-time records
| Numbers | Date | Venue | Competition | Results | Scorers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | December 17, 1978 | Bangkok | Asian Games | 1–0 Win | Cha Bum-Kun |
| 2 | December 29, 1978 | Manila | Asian Cup Qualifier | 1–0 Win | Huh Jung-Moo |
| 3 | March 1, 1982 | Calcutta | Nehru Gold Cup | 1–1 Tie | Lee Tae-Ho |
| 4 | November 3, 1983 | Bangkok | LA Olympics Qualifier 1st Leg | 3–3 Tie | Kim Jong-Gun (2), Kim Jong-Boo |
| 5 | November 8, 1983 | Bangkok | LA Olympics Qualifier 2nd Leg | 0–0 Tie | |
| 6 | September 28, 1986 | Seoul | Asian Games | 4–2 Win | Park Chang-Sun, Kim Joo-Sung, Lee Tae-Ho, Cho Min-Gook |
| 7 | December 14, 1988 | Qatar | Asian Cup | 2–1 Win | Lee Tae-Ho (2) |
| 8 | October 20, 1989 | Singapore | Italy World Cup Qualifier | 1–0 Win | Kim Joo-Sung |
| 9 | July 31, 1990 | Beijing | Dynasty Cup 1st Round | 1–0 Win | Lee Sang-Yoon |
| 10 | August 3, 1990 | Beijing | Dynasty Cup Final | 1–1 Tie (PK 5–4) | Hwangbo Kwan |
| 11 | September 27, 1990 | Beijing | Asian Games | 2–0 Win | Seo Jung-Won (2) |
| 12 | August 26, 1992 | Beijing | Dynasty Cup | 2–0 Win | Park Hyun-Yong, Jung Jae-Kwon |
| 13 | February 19, 1995 | Hong Kong | Dynasty Cup | 0–0 Tie | |
| 14 | September 25, 1996 | Seoul | Friendly | 3–1 Win | Seo Jung-Won, Lee Ki-Hyung, Ha Seok-Ju |
| 15 | November 26, 1996 | Guangzhou | Friendly | 3–2 Win | Noh Sang-Rae, Shin Hong-Gi, Lee Young-Jin |
| 16 | April 23, 1997 | Beijing | Friendly | 2–0 Win | Park Kun-Ha (2) |
| 17 | August 30, 1997 | Seoul | Friendly | 0–0 Tie | |
| 18 | March 4, 1998 | Yokohama | Dynasty Cup | 2–1 Win | Choi Sung-Yong, Lee Sang-Yoon |
| 19 | June 4, 1998 | Seoul | Friendly | 1–1 Tie | Lee Sang-Yoon |
| 20 | November 22, 1998 | Shanghai | Friendly | 0–0 Tie | |
| 21 | July 28, 2000 | Beijing | Friendly | 1–0 Win | Lee Young-Pyo |
| 22 | November 13, 2000 | Tripoli | Asian Cup 1st Round | 2–2 Tie | Lee Young-Pyo, Noh Jung-Yoon |
| 23 | October 29, 2000 | Beirut | Asian Cup Third Place Match | 1–0 Win | Lee Dong-Gook |
| 24 | April 27, 2002 | Incheon | Friendly | 0–0 Tie | |
| 25 | December 7, 2003 | Saitama | East Asian Cup | 1–0 Win | Yoo Sang-Chul |
| 26 | July 31, 2005 | Daejon | East Asian Cup | 1–1 Tie | Kim Jin-Kyu |
| 27 | February 17, 2008 | Chongqing | East Asian Cup | 3–2 Win | Park Chu-Young (2), Kwak Tae-Hwi |
| 28 | February 10, 2010 | Tokyo | East Asian Cup | 0–3 Lose |
[edit] Notes
- ^ "“공한증 끝!” 중국대륙 들썩". Dong-A Ilbo (online edition). 2004-04-06. http://baduk.donga.com/today/view.asp?seq=888&pagec=1&find=&findword=&gubun=03DO.
- ^ Zhang Jie (2003-02-26). "Expectation and Disappointment：the Interplay of Chinese Media Reaction and Korean Public During the World Cup". Chinese Academy of Social Sciences articles. http://iaps.cass.cn/English/Articles/showcontent.asp?id=385. Retrieved 2006-08-16.[dead link]
- ^ "네티즌들 "또 일본이야? 야구 공한증 만들어주자"". Chosun Ilbo (Korean). http://www.chosun.com/national/news/200603/200603170352.html. Retrieved 2006-08-16.
- ^ Jo Hun-yeon (2004). 전신(戰神) 조훈현. ISBN 89-7278-038-3. http://book.naver.com/bookdb/book_detail.php?bknu=04080977&query=%B0%F8%C7%D1%C1%F5&cpname=booktopia&menu=cview&encrt=4Nv92a150wbTmADYMDk3NyZzZWNzdWJudW09NTk=#middle_tab.
- ^ "‘중국 축구, 32년 공한증 깼다’…축구팬 열광" (in Korean). Munhwa Ilbo. 2010-02-11. http://www.munhwa.com/news/view.html?no=20100211MW062740298399. "중국축구협회 린샤오화(林曉華)부주석은 10일 경기를 앞두고 “이른바 공한증은 실력의 차이에서 오는 것인데 이제 실력의 차이가 크게 좁혀져있다. 따라서 정신력만 강화한다면 공한증을 극복할 수 있다”면서 앞으로 중국 국가대표팀에 심리치료사를 초빙해 선수들이 심리적인 부담감과 패배감을 극복하도록 할 방침이라고 말하기도 했다."
