List of monarchs of Afghanistan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| King of Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Former Monarchy | |
 |
|
| Emblem of the God-granted Kingdom of Afghanistan and all its dependencies | |
 |
|
| Zahir Shah, the last King of Afghanistan | |
| First monarch | Mirwais Hotak |
| Last monarch | Mohammed Zahir Shah |
| Official residence | Kandahar and Kabul |
| Monarchy started | April 1709 |
| Monarchy ended | July 17, 1973 |
| Current pretender | Ahmad Shah, Crown Prince of Afghanistan |
Prior to the 18th century, the modern state of Afghanistan was divided and mostly ruled by the Delhi Sultanate of India. Its Herat region in the west was ruled by the Safavids of Persia and the Mazar-i-Sharif area in the north by the Khanate of Bukhara. The southern Kandahar region occasionally switched sides between the Mughal Empire and the Safavids.[1] The native Afghans (Pashtun people) had been oppressed by both sides, and were pushing for independence but many attempts had been crushed and those accused of starting revolution being executed.[2]
In 1709, Mirwais Hotak and his Afghan tribal chiefs from Kandahar organized themselves and successfully freed their land from Persian rule.[3] Mirwais built a large fortress for himself and turned the town of Kandahar to serve as the capital of the Hotaki Empire.[2][4] After a long series of wars, this empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani Afghan Empire that was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747.[5][6] Ahmad Shah Durrani is regarded as the "Father of the Nation",[7][8][9] Mirwais Hotak as the "Grand father" and Mohammed Zahir Shah as the last King of Afghanistan.
Contents |
[edit] Hotaki Afghan Empire (1709-1738)
[edit] Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738)
| Name | Picture | Reign started | Reign ended |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mirwais Hotak |
 |
April 1709 | October 1715 |
| Abdul Aziz Hotak |
 |
October 1715 | 1717 |
| Mahmud Hotaki |
 |
1717 | 1725 |
| Ashraf Hotaki |
 |
1725 | 1730 |
| Hussain Hotaki |
 |
1725 | 1738 |
[edit] Last Afghan Empire (1747-1973)
[edit] Durrani dynasty (1747-1842)
| Name | Picture | Reign started | Reign ended |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad Shah Durrani |
 |
July 1747 | 16 October 1772 |
| Timur Shah Durrani |
 |
16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 |
| Zaman Shah Durrani |
 |
18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani |
 |
25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 |
| Shuja Shah Durrani |
 |
13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani |
|
3 May 1809 | 1818 |
| Ali Shah Durrani |
|
1818 | 1819 |
| Ayub Shah Durrani |
|
1819 | 1823 |
| Shuja Shah Durrani |
|
7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 |
[edit] Barakzai dynasty (1826-1973)
| Name | Picture | Reign started | Reign ended |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dost Mohammad Khan |
 |
1826 | 2 August 1839 |
| Dost Mohammad Khan |
|
1842 | 9 June 1863 |
| Sher Ali Khan |
 |
9 June 1863 | May 1866 |
| Mohammad Afzal Khan |
 |
May 1866 | 7 October 1867 |
| Muhammad Azam Khan |
 |
7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 |
| Sher Ali Khan |
|
7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 |
| Mohammad Yaqub Khan |
 |
21 February 1879 | 12 October 1879 |
| Abdur Rahman Khan |
 |
31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 |
| Habibullah Khan |
 |
1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 |
| Nasrullah Khan |
 |
20 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 |
| Amanullah Khan |
 |
28 February 1919 | 14 January 1929 |
| Inayatullah Khan |
 |
14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 |
| Habibullāh Kalakāni |
 |
17 January 1929 | 13 October 1929 |
| Mohammed Nadir Shah |
 |
13 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 |
| Mohammed Zahir Shah |
|
8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 |
[edit] See also
- List of Presidents of Afghanistan
- President of Afghanistan
- Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Name of Afghanistan
- History of Afghanistan
[edit] References
- ^ Romano, Amy (2003). A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 28. ISBN 0823938638. http://books.google.com/books?id=TKUxyVCrYn0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA28#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0816050562. http://books.google.com/books?id=fbXmk-EauHIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=90001014&ct=29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1402172788. http://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA227#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2028.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af®ionCode=sas&#af. Retrieved 2010-10-23. "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747."
- ^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/21392/Last-Afghan-empire. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Ganḍā, Singh (1959). Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan. Asia Pub. House. pp. 457. ISBN 1402172788. http://books.google.com/?id=F_A8AAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ "Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire". Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. 1997. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0010). Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ "Aḥmad Shah Durrānī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. 2010. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10162/Ahmad-Shah-Durrani. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
