List of state leaders in 999

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 999.

Africa

• Fatimid Caliphate – Abū 'Alī al-Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh, Caliph (996–1021)
  • Ifriqiya – Badis ibn Mansur, Zirid Viceroy (995–1016)
• Morocco – Ziri, Maghrawa Emir of Morocco (987–1001)
• Mukurra – Raphael, King of Mukurra (999-1030)

Asia

• Abbasid Caliphate – Al-Qadir, Caliph of Baghdad (991–1031)
• Emirate of Aleppo – Sa'id ud-Dawlah Sa'id, Hamdanid (991–1002)
• Assam – Brahmapala, King of Assam (990–1010)
• Bokhara – Ismail II, Samanid Emir of Bokhara (999-1004)
• Buwayhid Emirate – Firuz Abu Nasr Baha' al-Dawla, Emir of Iraq and Fars (989–1012)
• Byzantine Empire – Basil II (976–1025)
• Chalukya – Satyasraya Irivabedanga, King of Chalukya (997–1008)
• China (Northern Song Dynasty) – Emperor Zhenzong (997–1022)
• Japan (Heian period) –
  • Monarch – Emperor Ichijō (986–1011)
  • de facto – Fujiwara no Michinaga (995–1017)
• Khitan Empire – Shengzong (982–1031)
• Korea (Goryeo Kingdom) – Mokjong, (997–1009)
• Chola – Rajaraja I Deva, King of Chola (985–1012)
• Ghazni – Mahmud, Emir of Ghazni (998–1030)
• Gujarat – Chamundaraja, King of Gujarat (995–1010)
• Japan (Heian period) –
  • Monarch – Emperor Ichijō (986–1011)
  • de facto – Fujiwara no Michinaga (995–1017)
• Keralaputra – Bhaskara Ravivarman I, King of Keralaputra (962–1019)
• Khitan Empire – Shengzong (982–1031)
• Malwa – Sindhuraja, King of Malwa (995–1010)
• Manipur – Kainou Irengba, King of Manipur (983–1073)
• Mataram – Dharmawangsa (985–1006)
• Mosul – Husan ud-Dawlah al-Muqallad, Uqailid Emir of Mosul (996–1001)
• Multan – Nasr ibn Hamid, Emir of Multan (997-?)
• Odisha
  1. Yayati Mahsivagupta I, King of Odisha (970–1000)
  2. Bhimaratha Mahabhavagupta, King of Odisha (1000–1015)
• Pala – Mahiapala I, King of Pala (988–1038)
• Pratihara – Rajyapala, King of Pratihara (c.990–1018)
• Saurashtra – Kawat I, King of Saurashtra (982–1003)
• Sind – Member of the Hibari clan, Emir of Sind (dynasty ruled 850–1005)
• Transoxiana – Ahmad Nasr al-Haqq Qutb ad-Dawla, Qarakhanid Emir of Transoxiana (998–1017)
• Western Ganga – Rakkasa Ganga, King of Western Ganga (985–1024)

Europe

• Bulgaria - Samuil, Tsar of Bulgaria (977–1014)
• Kingdom of Burgundy - Rudolf III (993–1032)
  • County of Burgundy - Otto-William (982–1026)
  • County of Provence -
    • Rotbold II (968–1008)
    • William II (993–1018)
• Byzantine Empire - Basil II the Bulgar-slayer (976–1025)
• Caucasus
  • Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia - Gagik I (989–1020)
  • Kingdom of Georgia - Gurgen (994–1008)
  • Principality of Kakheti - David (976–1010)
  • Klarjeti - Sumbat III, Prince of Klarjeti (993–1011)
• Kingdom of Croatia - Svetoslav Suronja (997–1000)
• Kingdom of Denmark - Sweyn I (985/986–1014)
• Kingdom of England – Æthelred the Unready (978–1013)
• Kingdom of France - Robert II (996–1031)
  • County of Angoulême - William IV (988–1028)
  • County of Anjou - Fulk III (987–1040)
  • Duchy of Aquitaine - William V (995–1030)
  • County of Blois - Theobald II (995–1004)
  • Duchy of Brittany - Geoffrey I (992–1008)
  • Duchy of Burgundy - Eudes-Henry (965–1002)
  • County of Flanders - Baldwin IV (987–1035)
  • County of Maine - Hugh III (992–1015)
  • Duchy of Normandy - Richard II (996–1026)
  • County of Toulouse - William III Taillefer (978–1037)
  • County of Vermandois - Herbert III (987–1000)
• Duchy of Gascony - Bernard I William (996–1009)
• Holy Roman Empire - Otto III (996–1002)
  • Duchy of Bavaria - Henry IV (995–1005)
    • March of Austria - Henry I (994–1018)
    • March of the Nordgau - Henry of Schweinfurt (994–1004)
  • Duchy of Bohemia -
    1. Boleslaus II (972–999)
    2. Boleslav III (999–1002)
  • Duchy of Carinthia - Henry IV (995–1002)
  • Duchy of Lower Lorraine - Otto (977–1012)
    • County of Frisia - Dirk III (993–1039)
    • County of Mons - Reginar IV (998–1013)
    • County of Namur - Albert I (c. 981–1011)
  • Duchy of Upper Lorraine - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
    • County of Bar - Theodoric I (978–1026/1027)
    • County of Luxembourg - Henry I (998–1026)
  • County Palatine of Lotharingia - Ezzo (996–1034)
  • Duchy of Saxony - Bernard I (973–1011)
    • Saxon Eastern March - Gero II (993–1015)
    • Northern March - Lothair (983–1003)
    • March of Meissen - Ekkehard I (985–1002)
  • Duchy of Swabia - Hermann II (997–1003)
• Hungarian tribal federation - Stephen, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (997–1000)
• Ireland - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland (980–1002)
  • Ailech - Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King of Ailech (989–1004)
  • Connacht - Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King of Connacht (973–1010)
  • Uí Maine - Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine (985–1014)
  • Leinster - Donnchad mac Domnall Claen, King of Leinster (984–1003)
  • Kingdom of Mide - Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (c. 975–1022)
  • Munster - Brian Boru, King of Munster (978–1014)
• Kingdom of Italy - Otto III and Holy Roman Emperor (996–1002)
  • Duchy of Amalfi - Manso I (966–1004)
  • Principality of Benevento - Pandulf II (981–1014)
  • Principality of Capua -
    1. Laidulf (993–999)
    2. Adhemar (999)
    3. Landulf VII (999–1007)
  • Catepanate of Italy - Gregory Tarchaneiotes (998–1006)
  • Duchy of Gaeta - John III (984–1008)
  • March of Ivrea - Arduin (c. 990–1015)
  • March of Montferrat - William III (991–1042)
  • Duchy of Naples - John IV (997–1002)
  • Papal States -
    1. Pope Gregory V (996–999)
    2. Pope Silvester II (999–1003)
  • Principality of Salerno - Guaimar III (994–1027)
  • Emirate of Sicily - Ja'far al-Kalbi (998–1019)
  • Duchy of Spoleto - Adhemar of Capua (998–999)
  • March of Tuscany - Hugh (961–1001)
  • Republic of Venice - Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice (991–1009)
• Kievan Rus' - Vladimir I (980–1015)
  • Principality of Polotsk - Izyaslav (989–1001)
  • Principality of Rostov - Yaroslav I the Wise (996–1010)
  • Principality of Turov - Sviatopolk Vladimirovich (997–1019)
• Kingdom of Norway - Olaf I (995–1000)
• Poland - Bolesław I the Brave, Duke of Poland (992–1025)
• Kingdom of Alba (Scotland) - Kenneth III (997–1005)
• Serbia - Petrislav, Duke of Zeta, (c. 992–1000)
• Spain -
  • County of Barcelona - Ramon Borrell (993–1017)
  • County of Castile - Sancho García (995–1017)
  • Caliphate of Córdoba -
    • Hisham II (976–1009)
    • Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, Hajib (978–1002)
  • Kingdom of León -
    1. Bermudo II (984–999)
    2. Alfonso V (999–1028)
    • County of Portugal - Mendo II Gonçalves (997–1008)
  • Kingdom of Pamplona - García Sánchez II (994–1004)
    • Kingdom of Viguera - Sancho Ramírez (c. 991–c. 1002)
  • County of Urgell - Ermengol I (993–1011)
• Kingdom of Sweden - Olof Skötkonung (995–1022)
• Wales -
  • Kingdom of Gwynedd -
    1. Maredudd ab Owain (986–999)
    2. Cynan ap Hywel (999–1005)