Pont Neuf
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| Pont Neuf | |
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 Pont Neuf at Sunset. |
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| Crosses | River Seine |
| Locale | Paris, France |
| Designer | Believed to be Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau and Guillaume Marchand maintenance engineering by Soufflot, Perronet, Lagalisserie and Résal[1] |
| Design | arch bridge |
| Material | stone |
| Number of spans | 7 + 5 |
| Total length | 232 metres (760 ft)[2] |
| Width | 22 metres (72 ft)[2] |
| Beginning date of construction | 1578[2] |
| Completion date | 1607[2] |
| Coordinates | 48°51′27″N 2°20′29″E / 48.8575°N 2.34139°ECoordinates: 48°51′27″N 2°20′29″E / 48.8575°N 2.34139°E |
The Pont Neuf (French for "New Bridge"[3]) is the oldest[4] standing bridge across the river Seine in Paris. Its name, which was given to distinguish it from older bridges that were lined on both sides with houses, has remained.
Standing by the western point of the Île de la Cité, the island in the middle of the river that was the heart of medieval Paris, it connects the Rive Gauche of Paris with the Rive Droite.
The bridge is composed of two separate spans, one of five arches joining the left bank to the Île de la Cité, another of seven joining the island to the right bank. Old engraved maps of Paris show how, when the bridge was built, it just grazed the downstream tip of the Île de la Cité; since then, the natural sandbar building of a mid-river island, aided by stone-faced embankments called quais, has extended the island. Today the island is the Square du Vert-Galant, a park named in honour of Henry IV, nicknamed the "Green Gallant."
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[edit] Construction
As early as 1550, Henry II was asked to build a bridge here because the existing Pont Notre-Dame was overloaded, but the expense was too much at the time.[1]
In 1577,[1] the decision to build the bridge was made by King Henry III who laid its first stone in 1578, during which year the foundations of four piers and one abutment were completed.[1] A major design change was made in 1579 requiring the widening of the bridge to allow houses to be built (though they never were) made the piers on the long arm longer. These piers were built over the next nine years.[1] After a long delay beginning in 1588, due in part to the Wars of Religion, construction was resumed in 1599.[1] The bridge was completed under the reign of Henry IV, who inaugurated it in 1607.
Like most bridges of its time, The Pont Neuf is constructed as a series of many short arch bridges, following Roman precedents. It was the first stone bridge in Paris not to support houses in addition to a thoroughfare, and was also fitted with pavements protecting pedestrians from mud and horses; pedestrians could also step aside into its bastions to let a bulky carriage pass. The decision not to include houses on the bridge can be traced back directly to Henry IV, who decided against their inclusion on the grounds that houses would impede a clear view of the Louvre, which he extended substantially during his reign.[5]
The bridge had heavy traffic from the beginning;[1] it was for a long time the widest bridge in Paris. The bridge has undergone much repair and renovation work, including rebuilding of seven spans in the long arm and lowering of the roadway by changing the arches from an almost semi-circular to elliptical form (1848-1855), lowering of sidewalks and faces of the piers, spandrels, cornices and replacing crumbled corbels as closely to the originals as possible.[1] In 1885, one of the piers of the short arm was undermined, removing the two adjacent arches, requiring them to be rebuilt and all the foundations strengthened.[1]
A major restoration of the Pont Neuf was begun in 1994 and was completed in 2007, the year of its 400th anniversary.
Under the wide arches, on the paved quais, the destitute of Paris called clochards have always huddled.[clarification needed]
[edit] The equestrian statue of Henri IV
At the point where the bridge crosses the Île de la Cité, there stands a bronze equestrian statue of Henri IV, originally commissioned from Giambologna under the orders of Marie de Médicis, Henri’s widow and Regent of France, in 1614. After his death, Giambologna's assistant Pietro Tacca completed the statue, which was erected on its pedestal by Pietro Francavilla, in 1618. It was destroyed in 1792 during the French Revolution, but was rebuilt in 1818, following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. Bronze for the new statue was obtained with the bronze from a statue of Louis Charles Antoine Desaix and cast from a mold made using a surviving cast of the original. Inside the statue, the new sculptor François-Frédéric Lemot put four boxes, containing a history of the life of Henri IV, a 17th-century parchment certifying the original statue, a document describing how the new statue was commissioned, and a list of people who contributed to a public subscription.
[edit] Resting place of Jacques de Molay
The last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, Jacques de Molay, was burned at the stake on the Île de la Cité near the Pont Neuf, on 18 March 1314. The execution was ordered by Philippe le Bel (Philip the Fair) after Jacques retracted all of his previous confessions, which outraged Philip.
[edit] Access
| located near the metro station: Pont Neuf. |
[edit] Location
Bridge location on the Seine:
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| Downstream: Pont des Arts |
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Upstream: Pont au Change Pont Saint-Michel |
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[edit] See also
- Les Amants du Pont-Neuf (The Lovers on the Bridge), a film by Leos Carax, released in 1991.
- List of crossings of the River Seine
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Whitney, Charles S. (2003) [1929]. Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. pp. 137–141. ISBN 0-486-42995-4.
- ^ a b c d * Pont-Neuf in the Structurae database
- ^ "Neuf" when used as a NOUN is a number (nine or 9). When describing a noun (adjective) it means new or unused. (http://translate.google.com/translate_t#fr|en|Neuf)
- ^ The fact, and the irony, are standard fare in travel literature; see any guide to Paris.
- ^ Strohmayer, Ulf, ‘Engineering Vision: the Pont-Neuf in Paris and Modernity.’ in The City and the Senses: Urban Culture since 1500, ed. A. Cowan and J. Steward. Basingstoke: Ashgate, 2007, 75-92
[edit] External links
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