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Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)

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Supreme Council

Жогорку Кеңеш (Kyrgyz)
Верховный Совет (Russian)
7th Supreme Council
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
History
Founded
Leadership
Speaker
Nurlanbek Shakiev, Mekenchil
since 5 October 2022
Akylbek Japarov, Ar-Namys
since 12 October 2021
Structure
Seats90
Political groups
Majority (54)
  •   Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (19)
  •   Mekenchil (14)[1]
  •   Ishenim (12)
  •   Yntymak (9)

Others (36)

Length of term
5 years
Elections
Parallel voting:
Party-list proportional representation (54 seats)
First-past-the-post (36 seats)
Last election
28 November 2021
Meeting place
Jogorku Kenesh Building, Bishkek
Website
www.kenesh.kg
Politics of Kyrgyzstan

Commonwealth of Independent States CIS Member State

Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Elections
Foreign relations
Related topics

The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan, also known as the Jogorku Kengesh (Kyrgyz: Жогорку Кеңеш, IPA: [t͡ɕoʁoɾqʊ́ kʰeŋéɕ]), is the unicameral parliament of Kyrgyzstan. Before Kyrgyzstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.

The parliament has 90 seats,[2] with members elected for a five-year term by two methods: party-list proportional voting (54 seats) and first-past-the-post voting (36 seats).

History

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During Soviet rule, it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR.

From August 1991, when Kyrgyzstan gained independence from the Soviet Union, until October 2007, when the Constitution was changed in a referendum, the Supreme Council consisted of the Legislative Assembly (Мыйзам Чыгаруу Жыйыны, Myizam Chygaruu Jyiyny; lit. 'Upper House') and the Assembly of People's Representatives (Эл Өкүлдөр Жыйыны, El Öküldör Jyiyny; lit. 'Lower House') with 60 and 45 members, respectively. The members of both houses were elected to five-year terms. In the Assembly of People's Representatives all 45 members were elected in single-seat constituencies; in the Legislative Assembly 45 members were elected in single-seat constituencies and 15 were elected through party lists.

Since October 2007, the Supreme Council is a unicameral legislature. Originally it consisted of 90 members, however when in 2010 President Kurmanbek Bakiyev was ousted during the Kyrgyz Revolution, a new Constitution was adopted, that increased the number of members to 120. Parties are limited to 65 seats in order to prevent power concentration. A vote on a new constitution cut the number of seats in the parliament by 25%, thereby returning to 90 seats.[3]

Electoral system

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Out of the 90 seats in the Supreme Council, 54 are elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency, and 36 in single-seat districts.[4] To win seats, parties must pass a national electoral threshold of 5% of the votes cast (down from 7% in the October 2020 elections),[5] and receive at least 0.5% of the vote in each of the seven regions.[6] The lists are open, with voters able to cast a single preferential vote. No one party is allowed to be given more than half of the proportional seats.[7][8] Party lists are required to have at least 30% of the candidates from each gender, and every fourth candidate had to be of a different gender. Each list is also required to have at least 15% of the candidates being from ethnic minorities and 15% of under 35 years old, as well as at least two candidates with disabilities.[8][9]

Speakers

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The first legislature of Kyrgyzstan was Supreme Soviet until 1994.

Bicameral legislature was established in 1995, and replaced with unicameral legislature, Supreme Council, in 2005.[10]

Chairmen of the Assembly of People's Representatives of Kyrgyzstan was the presiding officer of one of the two chambers of the Supreme Council.[11]

Name Took office Left office
Almanbet Matubraimov 28 March 1995 26 November 1997
Abdıganı Erkebayev 26 November 1997 April 2000
Altay Borubayev 25 April 2000 24 March 2005
Muratbek Mukashev 24 March 2005 25 March 2005

The Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan was the presiding officer of one of the two chambers of the Supreme Council.[11]

Name Took office Left office
Mukar Cholponbayev 29 March 1995 15 November 1996
Usup Mukambayev 15 November 1996 14 April 2000
Abdıganı Erkebayev 15 April 2000 24 March 2005
Ishenbai Kadyrbekov 24 March 2005 25 March 2005

Chairmen of the Supreme Council since 2005.[11] Annual compensation of the chairman is 975 000 soms.[citation needed]

Main article: List of Chairmen of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan
Name Took office Left office Notes
Omurbek Tekebaev 27 March 2005 27 February 2006 [12][13]
Marat Sultanov 2 March 2006 22 October 2007 [14][15]
Adahan Madumarov 24 December 2007 29 May 2008 [16][13]
Aytibay Tagaev 29 May 2008 17 December 2009 [17]
Zaynidin Kurmanov 24 December 2009 6 June 2010 [13]
Ahmatbek Keldibekov 17 December 2010 14 December 2011 [13][18]
Asilbek Jeenbekov 21 December 2011 13 April 2016 [13][19]
Chynybai Tursunbekov 27 April 2016 25 October 2017 [13][20]
Dastan Jumabekov 25 October 2017 6 October 2020 [21]
Myktybek Abdyldayev 6 October 2020 10 October 2020
Kanatbek Isaev 13 October 2020 4 November 2020
Talant Mamytov 4 November 2020 Incumbent

Last elections

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2005 parliamentary election

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Main articles: 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary election and Tulip Revolution

The 2005 Kyrgyz parliamentary elections were held in February and March 2005. More than 400 candidates ran for the new 75-member unicameral legislative assembly. There were two rounds of voting held on 27 February and 13 March. Six seats were won by opposition politicians. Most candidates were officially independent. International observers said the elections fell short of international standards for democratic elections in several important areas. Widespread protests over alleged rigging of the election by the government culminated in the Tulip Revolution on 24 March. Revolutionaries overthrew President Askar Akayev.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Часть депутатов покинула фракцию «Ата-Журт Кыргызстан» и объединилась в новую группу". Радио Азаттык (Кыргызская служба Радио Свободная Европа/Радио Свобода) (in Russian). 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
  2. ^ Pannier, Bruce (29 November 2021). "Five Takeaways From The Kyrgyz Parliamentary Elections". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2021-11-29.
  3. ^ "Kyrgyz Voters Approve Constitutional Changes To Strengthen Presidency". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-29.
  4. ^ "Kyrgyz President Signs Bill on Changes to Electoral Law". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 27 August 2021.
  5. ^ Putz, Catherine (22 October 2020). "Kyrgyzstan Punts on Elections to Pursue Constitutional Reforms". The Diplomat. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  6. ^ Kyrgyz Republic: Election for Jorgorku Keneshg (Kyrgyz Supreme Council) IFES
  7. ^ "Бирдиктүү шайлоо округу боюнча Кыргыз Республикасынын Жогорку Кеӊешинин депутаттарын шайлоонун алдын ала жыйынтыгы". shailoo.gov.kg (in Kyrgyz). Retrieved 29 November 2021..
  8. ^ a b Electoral system IPU
  9. ^ "THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2019-12-21.
  10. ^ "Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic". Archived from the original on 2020-05-13. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  11. ^ a b c "Киргизия". Archived from the original on 2010-02-09. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  12. ^ "Background on Ata Meken Party". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  13. ^ a b c d e f ПОДОЛЬСКАЯ, Дарья (2017-10-25). "Как и почему уходили спикеры парламента Кыргызстана". 24.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  14. ^ "Kyrgyz Lawmakers Elect New Speaker". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  15. ^ Pannier, Bruce (2 February 2012). "Does New Constitution Strengthen Democracy -- Or President?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  16. ^ "Kyrgyzstan's Ruling Party Names Its Choice For Prime Minister". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 April 2008. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  17. ^ "Айтибай Тагаев стал новым спикером киргизского парламента - ИА REGNUM". ИА REGNUM (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  18. ^ "Ex-Speakers of Parliament of Kyrgyzstan". akipress.com. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  19. ^ "Asilbek Jeenbekov steps down as Parliament Speaker". akipress.com. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  20. ^ "Chynybai Tursunbekov steps down as Speaker of Parliament of Kyrgyzstan". akipress.com. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
  21. ^ "Majority coalition backs candidacy of Dastan Jumabekov for Parliament Speaker". akipress.com. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
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