Queue for the lying-in-state of Elizabeth II
Part of the death and state funeral of Elizabeth II | |
Date | 14–19 September 2022 |
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Location | City of Westminster, London Borough of Southwark and London Borough of Lambeth London, United Kingdom |
Coordinates | 51°29′57″N 00°07′29″W / 51.49917°N 0.12472°W |
Type | Queue for mourners to walk past the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II during her lying-in-state |
Participants | General public |
Part of a series of articles on the |
Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II |
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Events |
Compositions |
Succession |
The Queue was a nickname for the queue of mourners who waited to file past the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II while she lay in state at Westminster Hall in London, England, from 14 to 19 September 2022.
Two separate queues for mourners operated. The main queue had a length of up to 10 miles (16 kilometres) and a maximum waiting time of more than 24 hours; this was the queue that attracted the most media attention. There was also an accessible queue for people with disabilities or long-term health conditions.
The queues opened at 17:00 BST on 14 September. The accessible queue was closed to new entrants at 16:33 on 17 September, and the main queue closed at 22:41 on 18 September. The lying-in-state ended shortly after 06:30 on 19 September, in advance of Elizabeth II's state funeral later that day. About 250,000 people were estimated to have waited in the queue.
The media and academics commented on the significance of the Queue as a symbol of the relationship of British people to their monarch, as a social phenomenon, and as reinforcement of the stereotype that British people enjoy queueing and are disciplined at doing so.
Precedents
Westminster Hall, the oldest existing part of the Palace of Westminster, was first used as the venue for a lying-in-state in 1898, for William Gladstone, and has since been used for the lyings-in-state of King Edward VII in 1910, King George V in 1936, King George VI in 1952, Queen Mary in 1953, Winston Churchill in 1965, and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2002.[1]
The queueing time for the Queen Mother's lying-in-state in 2002 reached approximately four hours; an estimated 200,000 people viewed her coffin. At Winston Churchill's lying-in-state in 1965, the queue was approximately three hours long, and 321,360 people paid their respects.[2][3][4][5] The number of mourners in both cases was typical; 120,000 people viewed Queen Mary, 305,806 were recorded as having filed past King George VI, and approximately 250,000 people on each occasion viewed King George V, King Edward VII, and William Gladstone.[6]
Routes
Main queue
A security checkpoint was located at the front of the main queue, before mourners entered Westminster Hall. Heading towards the rear end, the queue filled Victoria Tower Gardens, where barriers created a series of zig-zags. The main queue then crossed the River Thames at Lambeth Bridge, and followed the south bank of the Thames downstream. At its maximum length, the end of the queue was in Southwark Park, with a total length of approximately 10 miles (16 kilometres).[7] During the evening of 18 September, the back of the queue gradually moved westwards.[8]
The main queue route passed more than 500 portable toilets, as well as eight first-aid stations, and multiple water stations.[9]
Accessible queue
The accessible queue was a considerably shorter queue, available to individuals unable to stand for significant lengths of time, primarily intended for people with a disability or long-term health or medical condition.[7] This ran alongside Victoria Tower Gardens, with timed tickets picked up from a kiosk at Tate Britain on Millbank. There were complaints that this queue was not sufficiently publicised or made clear, with some joining the main queue, and falling ill.[10] The accessible queue was closed on 17 September after reaching full capacity.[11]
Length
The main queue began in the early morning of 14 September, and its growth continued throughout the day.[12] By 09:50 on 16 September, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport declared that the queue was at full capacity for the first time, and that entry would be paused for six hours.[13] When both the main and accessible queues reached maximum capacity and were temporarily closed, arriving mourners were directed to a "holding pen" in Southwark Park, referred to in one press headline as a "queue for the queue".[14]
Organisation
Elizabeth II's lying-in-state was opened to the public at 17:00 BST on 14 September, following a service for the reception of her coffin after it was brought in procession from Buckingham Palace.[15][16] The lying-in-state was open for 24 hours a day, as were entry to both queues unless they were at capacity.[7] The accessible queue closed to new entrants at 16:33 on 17 September, and the main queue at 22:41 on the following day.[17] The lying-in-state itself ended at 06:30 BST on 19 September.[18]
The planning for the queue was supported by crowd science advisor Keith Still and master's students at Manchester Metropolitan University, as part of the broader planning exercise for Elizabeth II's funeral.[19] The four days of lying-in-state at Westminster Hall were designated as Operation Marquee; the related logistical operations outside Westminster Hall, including management of the queue, as Operation Feather.[20][21]
The live up-to-date position of the tail-end of the queue was publicised via the official website, using a what3words code.[22][23] Of the first five codes published, four led to the wrong place,[24] including a suburb of London some 15 miles (24 kilometres) from the actual end of the queue.[22] Officials later moved to an automated system to generate the identifiers, as they realised having people involved in the process resulted in typos.[24]
The Greater London Authority and the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) coordinated operations, with on-the-ground assistance provided by nearly 800 paid stewards, supported by 100 civil service volunteers and hundreds of Scouts.[25][26][27] The DCMS provided live updates on the status of the queue on Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, and queuers were issued coloured wristbands allowing them to temporarily leave the queue whilst not losing their place.[26] Participants were advised not to bring camping equipment or large bags.[28][12][29]
Non-profit groups who assisted in the efforts included the British Red Cross, Samaritans, and Salvation Army, as well as St John Ambulance and First Aid Nursing Yeomanry.[30][25][31] Newspaper headlines announced that the Archbishop of Canterbury had sent pizzas to mourners in the queue,[32][33] as his charity Feeding Britain delivered pizzas and hot drinks in the rain.[33] The Scouts collected unopened food abandoned at the security checkpoints at Westminster Hall to redistribute through the queue or donate to foodbanks.[27] Firefighters provided tea, coffee, and water, along with blankets to those struggling with the cold temperatures at night.[34] The London Ambulance Service placed 120 additional staff on duty in call centres and in public, and advised participants to wear appropriate clothing, in particular for the cold nights.[35]
Exemptions from queuing
Members of Parliament and members of the House of Lords were permitted to attend the lying-in-state without needing to queue, and could each invite up to four guests. Most Parliamentary staff could also avoid the queue and bring one guest.[36][37] The ability of these groups to skip the queue provoked criticism, as did the exclusion of certain workers, such as cleaners, security guards, and caterers, who are employed by contractors rather than directly by Parliament.[36][38]
Participation and incidents
Early estimates showed that at least 250,000 people filed past the coffin as it lay in state over four days.[39][40] The foot traffic resulted in the delamination of the Yorkstone floor.[41]
The character of the queue was described as 'subdued positivity'.[42] People in the queue noted the bonding experience of being in the queue together, sharing details in deep conversation about personal lives, and the reasons why they were there.[43][44][45]
King Charles III and William, Prince of Wales, visited the queue to speak to mourners on 17 September, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, was also present.[46][47]
Some celebrities queued, using both the main and parliamentary queues. Those known to have joined the long main queue include David Beckham, Kelly Holmes, Neil Jones, Sharon Osbourne, Susanna Reid, and Tim Vine.[48][49][50][51] Jason Kenney, Premier of the Canadian province of Alberta, flew to London at his own expense to view the lying-in-state.[52] Television presenters Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby were reported to have skipped the queue, causing some controversy, and leading ITV to explain that they were being escorted through the hall to film a segment for This Morning, without joining the filing mourners.[53]
On 14 September, a 19-year-old man allegedly sexually assaulted two women in the queue by exposing himself, and also pushed into mourners, before jumping into the River Thames.[54][55] The man appeared at Westminster Magistrates Court on 16 September 2022.[56] Police were called to intervene when passers-by under the influence of alcohol began to heckle and disturb participants in the queue.[57] On 16 September, a 28-year-old man was arrested under the Public Order Act after he ran from the queue inside Westminster Hall and touched the coffin.[58][59]
As of 16 September, the majority of medical incidents among participants in the queue were due to fainting, and resulting head injuries.[60] By 20 September, the London Ambulance Service reported that its staff and volunteers had provided medical support to an estimated 2,000 people who had queued, of whom 240 were taken for hospital treatment.[39]
The wristbands given out to people in the queue have been listed on eBay, and attracted high bids, such as two used bands with a top bid of £436, and an unused one from 17 September with a top bid of £2,000 on 17 September.[61][62] The majority of the listings of the wristbands were removed from the site due to its policy against the resale of event tickets.[63]
Responses and media coverage
The main queue, often referred to as "The Queue", received extensive media coverage. BBC News provided updates on progress and length, interviewing those waiting, and issuing breaking news alerts to inform the public of the queue's length.[64] Continuous live coverage of the queue was shown on BBC Parliament, and simultaneously live-streamed on the BBC News website and the BBC iPlayer.
The Evening Standard noted jokes and memes on social media that found humour in people queueing to join the queue, journalists queueing to interview people in the queue; as well as frustrations expressed at those who queue-jumped.[65] Vice described the queue as "an expression of respect", and the act of queueing as a concept making up part of the British national identity.[66] The queue has also been humorously termed the "Elizabeth Line", a reference to the recently opened underground railway line of the same name, which was itself named after Queen Elizabeth II.[67][68]
The Times noted that the queue included a number of women participating in groups as a type of social event, drawing comparisons with brunch.[69] They also observed that the queue had drawn the attention of "crowd psychologists", consisting of researchers from St Andrews, Edinburgh, Dundee, Sussex, and Keele universities, examining the behaviour of the crowds marking the death of Queen Elizabeth II and the accession of King Charles III.[70]
The Daily Mirror reported on the accessible queue. The article author "used the accessible route to view the Queen lying-in-state and, while it was well organised, still came across issues for those with a disability wanting to pay their respects".[71]
According to Google Trends, 'How long is the queue now?' was the highest trending search in the United Kingdom throughout the week.[72] Appreciation for the queue on the internet became most apparent following a Twitter thread, which described the queue as "a triumph of Britishness".[73] A piece of short fiction by Will Dunn in the New Statesman imagined a future where the maintenance of the queue over decades led to profound changes in the structure of British society.[74]
Guinness World Records confirmed they were assessing the scale of the queue and crowds, and whether it constitutes a global and historical record.[75] The British Film Institute (BFI) in South Bank displayed historical footage of mourners queueing to pay respects to George VI.[76]
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External links
- Media related to The Queue at Wikimedia Commons