Withrow, Minnesota

Coordinates: 45°07′27″N 92°53′51″W / 45.12417°N 92.89750°W / 45.12417; -92.89750
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Withrow, Minnesota
Neighborhood
Aerial photo of Withrow in 1964
Aerial photo of Withrow in 1964
Withrow, Minnesota is located in Minnesota
Withrow, Minnesota
Withrow, Minnesota
Location of the neighborhood of Withrow
within the city of Grant, Washington County
Withrow, Minnesota is located in the United States
Withrow, Minnesota
Withrow, Minnesota
Withrow, Minnesota (the United States)
Coordinates: 45°07′27″N 92°53′51″W / 45.12417°N 92.89750°W / 45.12417; -92.89750
CountryUnited States
StateMinnesota
CountyWashington County
Elevation
981 ft (299 m)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
55038 and 55082
Area code651
GNIS feature ID654293[1]

Withrow is a neighborhood of Grant, Washington County, in the U.S. State of Minnesota.[2] Formerly an unincorporated village on the edge of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area, Withrow had the rare distinction of being located in three different local government jurisdictions: May Township, Grant Township, and Oneka Township.[3] The village had a post office and general store in May Township and a railroad station in Oneka.[4] Withrow is located 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of White Bear Lake and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) northwest of Stillwater.[5]

Withrow was established when the Minneapolis and St. Croix Railroad, which later merged with the Soo Line Railroad, was extended through Washington County in 1883.[6][7][8] The village was named after Thomas Joshua Withrow, a farmer from Nova Scotia who had settled in the area in 1874.[6] The well-drained, sandy soils around Withrow made it ideal for growing potatoes.[6][9][10] Withrow was formally platted in 1914, but it was never incorporated; a petition to incorporate was denied in 1947, since Withrow did not meet the population requirement of 50 inhabitants.[6][11][12] Immigrants to the area were primarily French-Canadian, Irish, and German.[7][13]

The center of Withrow today is generally considered to be the intersection of Keystone Avenue North and 119th Street North. The portion of the community that was located in Section 36 of Oneka Township was absorbed by Hugo in January 1972;[14][15] the portion that was located in Section 2 of Grant Township was absorbed into Grant Township when it was incorporated as a city in November 1996.[16][17] A small portion of Withrow existed in Section 31 of May Township; that section contains the Keystone Weddings and Events Center (formerly the Withrow Ballroom) and the cemetery.[6][16]

The Stillwater Area School District, ISD #834, maintained an elementary school at Withrow until 2017.[18] Withrow is currently considered to be a distinct residential and business district instead of an official village. Today, the district contains a few small businesses, a private school, and a handful of residential homes.[6]

History

The ancient inhabitants of Washington County, generally known as the Mound Builders, left numerous traces of their existence in the county and in the vicinity of Withrow. Whether the Mound Builders were of the same race as other indigenous peoples is a subject of debate, but it is evident that their mode of life was different from the great majority of Native Americans existing in the United States at the time of white settlement.[19] The Dakota and Ojibwe people inhabited the area when the first white people arrived during the late 1600s and early 1700s. The Mdewakanton Sioux, one of the tribes of the Sioux nation, inhabited the area of Washington County around Withrow; this tribe was divided into several smaller bands, each with its own chiefs, including the locally familiar names Little Crow, Wabasha, and Shakopee.[20]

Indian treaties with the Dakota and Ojibwe in 1837 opened Washington County to European-American settlement. Settlers from the New England states formed the first wave of settlement along the St. Croix River in the early 1840s.[7] Swedish settlers followed at Scandia, establishing the first Swedish settlement in Minnesota.[21] The white population of Washington County grew rapidly from opening to settlement. The first townsite in the state of Minnesota, Dakotah (which later became a part of Stillwater), was platted in 1839.[22][23] The three townships that now contain parts of Withrow were surveyed in 1847 and 1848. Washington County was created on October 27, 1849, in the Territory of Minnesota. Minnesota was admitted to the United States as the 32nd state on May 11, 1858.[24] French Canadians established themselves to the northwest of Withrow, Irish to the northeast, and Germans to the south.[7][13] 1855 through 1857 were boom years for settlement and townsite founding in Washington County; after that, town founding ceased for over a decade until 1870, when rail construction prompted new activity.[23][25]

The Withrow family and notable Withrow residents

Thomas Withrow Photograph
Thomas Joshua Withrow

The settlement of Withrow was named for Thomas Joshua Withrow.[4][11] Withrow was born on April 16, 1829, in Nova Scotia, Canada, and married Catherine Mary Clary on February 3, 1853, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[6] He was a farmer when he and Catherine first appeared in the U.S. Census of June 7, 1860, in Marine Mills, Washington County, Minnesota.[26] In 1864, he was working as the overseer of the Washington County poor farm.[27] He subsequently appeared in the June 22, 1870, census in Grant Township,[28] then settled in Oneka Township in 1874 and was listed in the June 2, 1880, census as residing there.[29] Withrow homesteaded 40 acres (16 ha) of land in Oneka Township and 96 acres (39 ha) in May Township.[11][30] In 1881, Withrow began selling grain binders for the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company,[31][32] which later became a part of the International Harvester Company in a deal brokered by J. P. Morgan in 1902.[33]

Thomas Withrow had eight children: Mary Matilda; Lillian Ellen; Frank; Isabelle C.; Lizzie Edith; Harriet Margaret; Lucrecia Oretha, and his youngest, Morrill Edwin. Mary and Lizzie both became teachers at the Kinyon School.[34] Isabelle went on to marry Jesse H. Soule's son Osmer B. "O. B." Soule on April 16, 1885. Jesse "J. H." Soule served one term in the 1864 Minnesota Legislative Session;[35] O. B. Soule served three terms in the Minnesota Legislature, from 1895 to 1898 and from 1903 to 1905.[36] After the election of November 4, 1902, O. B. Soule suffered an attack of the mumps, recuperating at his home in Withrow in December prior to taking the oath of office on January 6, 1903.[37] In addition to serving with Thomas Withrow on the Withrow School Board,[34] O. B. Soule also served as Withrow Village Chair and Assessor.[36] Thomas Withrow died on May 22, 1900, and was buried in the Withrow Cemetery, located about 1,000 feet (300 m) northeast of Withrow on Washington County Road 7.[38]

Morrill Withrow received his medical doctor's degree from Hamline University in 1897 and became resident physician at the Stillwater Prison in 1899 (Withrow resident Charles T. Newman also worked at the prison as a prison guard).[39] At the time, Jim and Cole Younger, members of the James–Younger Gang, were imprisoned at Stillwater after a failed 1876 bank raid in Northfield, Minnesota. Cole Younger served as prison nurse under Morrill Withrow, and the two men became good friends. On July 12, 1901, shortly after his parole, Dr. Withrow invited Cole Younger to a home-cooked meal at his mother's house in Withrow.[40] Dr. Withrow recalled:

It was evening and as we drove out to the farm, we came across a rise of land which overlooks a valley. The sun was just setting and the scene was grand. Cole suddenly asked me to stop. When I complied, he sat silent for a moment, then slowly said, "This is the first time I've seen the sun set in twenty-five years." The pathos of that remark and its effect on me I will never forget.[40]

The two men continued to correspond until Cole Younger's death in 1916.[41] In 1903, Morrill Withrow established a practice in the pioneer community of Koochiching, Minnesota. This community would later be known as International Falls. Withrow married Agatha Mahoney,[42] and the couple had several children. Enlisting in the Army Medical Corps in April 1918, Dr. Withrow served at overseas field and base hospitals until the end of World War I. He was active in the American Legion from its inception and also served as Assistant Surgeon for the U.S. Public Health Immigration Office. Withrow was a Mason and served for many years as the mayor of International Falls.[43]

Establishment and community

Withrow Creamery Building
Withrow creamery
Sal's Angus Grill on the footprint of the old Withrow creamery
Sal's Angus Grill on the site of the old Withrow creamery. Note both bicyclists and motorcyclists

The Minneapolis & St. Croix Railroad was extended through Washington County in 1883, giving rise to the village of Withrow.[8][44] A cooperative creamery was built south of the tracks in 1896, bringing farmers into the area on a daily basis.[6][45] An ice house was located behind the creamery, containing ice blocks harvested from School Section Lake, about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Withrow; the ice kept the butter cool during warm weather.[46] A separate creamery building housed the butter maker.[47] The Withrow Creamery gained much prestige and a larger market after winning second prize for best creamery butter at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904.[6] Butter was originally sold in bulk form only; later, it was cut in 1-pound (0.45 kg) blocks and wrapped.[45] The creamery closed in 1930[6] and later became a feed mill, a restaurant, the Onekan store, and then a bar with risqué entertainment, Stan's Withrow Junction, before burning in a fire reported by the Soo Line depot agent in the early morning hours on November 22, 1979.[11][46][48] South of the creamery, the Interstate Lumber Company maintained a machine shop which sold Minnesota Machinery farm equipment made by inmates at the state prison, as well as repair parts and hardware.[6][49] After the lumberyard burned down in 1944,[50] Interstate Lumber made a large addition to this building to accommodate their lumber sales, but sold the building due to dwindling sales. The former machine shop was later used as a manufacturing facility for fiberglass toboggans, a cabinet shop and construction business, a residence, a beauty shop, a convenience store, and two taverns, and became the east side of Sal's Angus Grill in 2003.[51][52] Interstate Lumber Company also owned a coal shed near the depot. Coal from rail cars would be unloaded in the building, and wagons would be backed up behind the building to pick up an order of coal.[53] Lumber was unloaded at the depot and reloaded on to horse-drawn wagons for transport to the lumber yard.[50]

Withrow townsite plat
Withrow townsite plat, 1915
Withrow business district
Withrow business district c. 1915

By the early 1900s, the village had acquired several general stores selling a variety of items including general merchandise, produce, grain, flour, hay rakes, and fresh butchered meats.[6][54] A blacksmith provided horseshoeing, wagon repair, and other metal fabrication.[6][55] Potato warehouses stored 150-pound (68 kg) bags of potatoes until they could be shipped by rail to market.[6][9] A combination barbershop and pool hall was the only place in town where one could get a hair cut, shoot pool, have a sandwich, and purchase an ice cream cone; dry cleaning could also be dropped off there for pickup by a company in Stillwater.[11][56] Adjacent to the barbershop and pool hall was a well-fortified building, constructed in 1913, which housed the Withrow State Bank.[6][57] The bank was robbed only once, around 1920, and was permanently closed in 1923. The building was leased afterwards as living quarters, then housed the post office in the mid- to late 1940s.[47] By 1910, there was also a Chevrolet dealership and garage, which generated power using gasoline engines to run the lights in the dance hall above the Kinyon Store.[6][56] The land south of the railroad tracks was surveyed and platted into lots; the map was filed at the Washington County Courthouse on December 13, 1914.[6][58] In 1947, the community voted to incorporate as a village, but the petition was denied because Withrow did not meet the population requirement of 50 inhabitants.[6][11][55]

Withrow was a viable community while the railroad dominated shipping. However, in the 1920s, roads were being improved, and farmers started hauling their own potatoes and cattle to market, and milk producers from Minneapolis–St. Paul began picking up milk directly from the farms.[6] Less grain such as wheat, oats, and barley were being grown, and the grain elevator ceased operation in the mid-1920s.[6][59] A special train carrying cattle would come through Withrow every Wednesday at 8:00 in the evening. Farmers would bring their cattle to the stockyard, weigh them on a nearby scale, and load them into a stock car bound for the stockyards in South St. Paul. This practice also ended in the mid-1920s, and the stockyard was dismantled.[6] A feed mill was located on the north side of the tracks, next to the Lambert General Store, which sold mainly groceries, candy and ice cream; a pool table and barbershop were located in the basement.[57][6] The grinder of the feed mill was run by a 20-horsepower gasoline engine with a 10-foot-high (3.0 m) flywheel which was located in the basement of the building. It made a distinctive noise that could be heard from some distance away. The store's proximity to the depot made it a favorite for passengers waiting for a train and railroad workers alike. Fire destroyed the store in the early 1920s.[60] The Germans constructed the only church in the area, St. Matthew's Lutheran church, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southeast of Withrow. A wooden church was built in 1874 and replaced with a brick structure in 1899. In 1904, it burned down as a result of a lightning strike, and was rebuilt except for the steeple.[38] The church is now home to the St. Croix Ballet.[61]

Former Chevrolet Garage at Withrow
Historic Google Street View of the former Chevrolet garage at Withrow, now replaced by a pole barn

[when?]Withrow formerly had a Girl Scout troop, #1292[62] and a Boy Scout troop, #169.[63] Withrow also had a baseball team, the Gophers,[39][64][65][66][67] a Woodmen of the World Camp,[68] a Mothers club,[67][69][70][71] a 4-H club,[66] and a Community Club.[69][70][72][73][74] The Community Club was the focal point of social activity in Withrow. It was founded in the early 1920s and held monthly meetings. The membership fee included free admission to club-sponsored dances at Zahler's Withrow Ballroom. It disbanded in 1949 as residents lost interest.[75]

Withrow is a popular destination for bicyclists and motorcyclists. The March of Dimes utilized the old Chevrolet garage at the intersection of Keystone Avenue (formerly Washington County Road 68, formerly Washington County Road 8) and Washington County Road 9 as a checkpoint for their Bike-A-Thon fundraisers in the 1970s,[76] and many Twin Cities bicycle clubs conduct time trials on a 13-mile (21 km) circuitous route that begins and ends at the former Withrow Elementary School.[77] The Warlords motorcycle club was founded in Withrow in 1972.[78]

Post office

Kinyon General Store Building
The Kinyon general store housed the post office and a dance hall on the second floor
Postcard with 1909 Withrow post office cancellation stamp
Withrow post office cancellation, 1909

Withrow had an official U.S. post office from 1890 to 1963,[4][79] and a rural branch office from 1963 to 1966.[6] The post office opened on June 11, 1890,[6] in the rear of the B. W. Ellis general store; Ellis was the postmaster. In 1909, fire destroyed the store, and stamps and documents pertaining to the U.S. postal service were lost.[80] After the fire, Clarence LeRoy Kinyon, who had been the mail carrier, reopened the store and post office, selling hardware, groceries, fabric, and clothing.[6][81] The post office relocated to the former Withrow State Bank building in the mid- to late 1940s, and relocated again to the former Kinyon house, which had been purchased by William and Vivian Guse, in 1950; the post office was moved to the porch of the house, where residents could pick up mail from their P.O. boxes, buy stamps, and mail packages. Vivian Guse was the postmistress until 1966. The mail pouch was brought to the train depot daily and hung on the mail hook, where it was picked up by a passing train. In 1962, the Guses opened the Withrow Tavern and a small grocery store selling Gulf gasoline in the old creamery building, locating the post office there until mail delivery was taken over by rural route carrier.[6][49] The Kinyon general store building was destroyed by fire in 1981.[47]

Railroads

Soo Line depot at Withrow
Soo Line depot at Withrow, November, 1980. Note the water pump behind and to the right of the depot

The rise of the lumber industry quickly led to population booms in cities like Stillwater, and railroads hauled the lumber.[7][11] Communities sprang up around the railroads.[11] The Minneapolis & St. Croix Railroad was extended through Washington County in 1883;[82][83] in 1888, this railroad merged with three others to form the Soo Line Railroad.[6][7][8]

Two rail lines converged at Withrow, making it an important railway and telegraph station; in 1887, a depot was built that turned out to be far larger than the village ever needed.[3][46] At one point, the railroad maintained telegraph operators and depot agents 24 hours a day, with at least one permanently assigned depot agent.[84] It was a busy place, with nearly thirty freight trains and passenger trains coming through town daily, and a favorite rest stop for transients riding the rails.[57] The rail crossing at Withrow took a heavy toll of victims over the years.[85] After the creamery closed, the Soo Line bought the building which had housed the butter maker as a residence for the station agent.[47] The number of trains dropped to sixteen in the early 1960s; only four of those were passenger trains, and Withrow became a flag stop.[46] Like many towns dependent on the railroad, Withrow lost much of its industry with the passing of the railroad era.[14] The Soo Line discontinued passenger service to Withrow in 1963.[6][84]

In 1986, after the Soo Line acquired the remnants of the Milwaukee Road, the Soo Line grouped several of its lines into the Lake States Transportation Division. On October 11, 1987, the division was acquired by the newly formed Wisconsin Central Railroad,[86] resurrecting the name of a Soo Line predecessor whose lines represented a major portion of the lines acquired.[87][88] It became Canadian National property when the Canadian National Railway acquired the Wisconsin Central in 2001.[88][89]

In April 1990, the Canadian Pacific Railway purchased the Soo Line Railroad;[90] in July 1990, a Soo Line crane and flatcar traveled to Withrow and demolished the Withrow depot.[6][91] The use of the Soo Line moniker was discontinued entirely in 1992.[92]

The Canadian National Railway's Dresser Subdivision at Withrow currently does not see any Canadian National rail traffic; it has been taken out of service and rail banked for future development if the need arises.[87] The Canadian Pacific does operate occasional local trains on this subdivision to a quarry in Dresser, Wisconsin, along with excursions by the Osceola and St. Croix Valley Railway. This subdivision averages 2 to 4 trains per day, except in winter when the line is unused due to snow and ice conditions.[93] This subdivision was a part of the original Soo main line from Minneapolis to Sault St. Marie, Michigan.[89][94]

This subdivision diverts to the north just east of Withrow, crossing the Cedar Bend Drawbridge over the St. Croix river into Wisconsin.[95] This route was crooked, with heavy grades on either side of the St. Croix River, and severely limited by the loading permissible on the bridge. In 1910, a new 17.5-mile (28.2 km) line was constructed from Withrow east to New Richmond, Wisconsin, crossing the St. Croix river over the Arcola High Bridge at a much higher elevation than the old line, with a much improved gradient.[96] A rare multi-span steel arch bridge,[97] the Arcola High Bridge was placed on the National Register in 1977.[23][98] This line, later called the Minneapolis Subdivision, was once part of the Soo Line's Chicago–Minneapolis main line and consisted of 124 miles (200 km) of track between the junction with the Superior Subdivision at Owen and Withrow, where it connects to the Canadian Pacific Railway's Withrow Subdivision into Minneapolis.[86] The Canadian National Minneapolis Subdivision sees about six trains per day;[8][93] the Canadian Pacific Withrow Subdivision typically sees 4 to 6 trains per day.[84][93]

The Osceola and St. Croix Valley Railway, based in Osceola, Wisconsin, operates via trackage rights over the Canadian National Railway's inactive Dresser subdivision.[89] The railway operates passenger excursions and photo run-bys on weekends and holidays during the spring, summer, and fall months west from Osceola, Wisconsin, to Marine-On-St. Croix and to Withrow.[93][99] Other trips go northward from Osceola to Dresser, Wisconsin. The operation is managed by the Minnesota Transportation Museum, with volunteer crew members fully qualified by the Federal Railroad Administration.[94][100]

Schools

Kinyon School Photograph
Kinyon School, c. 1930
Withrow Elementary School
Withrow Elementary School

Before 1955, there were three schools located in the Withrow area. Each school was known by a number. School #10, a one-room schoolhouse, was on 100th Street and Lansing Avenue North.[60] School #40, another one-room schoolhouse, was located on Lynch Road.[6][60] On the west side of the intersection of Washington County Road 7 and County Road 8A in Oneka Township was a third one-room school, #51, built in 1871.[18] The first teacher at this school was Mary Withrow, with an enrollment of 32 students. Clarence LeRoy Kinyon owned 100 acres (40 ha) straddling County Road 7 at this location,[101] and this school came to be known as the Kinyon School.[18] In 1877, a new school district was organized, and this school was renumbered #63.[6][60] Thomas Withrow became a member of the new school board, and enrollment increased to 56 students, with Lizzie Withrow appointed as the teacher.[18]

In March 1952, the Board of Education for the Stillwater area made the recommendation to replace the inadequate school buildings with a new school with more classrooms to provide for increased enrollment. The specific recommendation was to purchase a site of at least 5 acres (2.0 ha) in or near Withrow as the site of a new elementary school. The school was to have three classrooms, a kindergarten, a multi-purpose room, and office and storage space. The estimated cost of construction was $165,000. The school was built in 1955 in the southeast corner of what was then Oneka Township, north of County Road 7, about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the intersection with County Road 15, on 9 acres (3.6 ha) of land originally owned by Thomas Withrow.[6][60][102] Many additions were made over time, with the last addition to the building made in 1997.[18] In 2008, Withrow Elementary was used as a location for the film Killer Movie.[103]

Withrow Elementary was in the Stillwater Area School District, ISD #834, and served 219 students from kindergarten through Grade 6. A STEM school, it was ranked fourteenth among 842 elementary schools in Minnesota, with specialists in music, physical education, media, and art. In 2012, it was rated a National Blue Ribbon School by the U.S. Department of Education.[18]

In December 2015, the Stillwater Area School District, as a part of its Building Opportunities to Learn and Discover (BOLD) program,[104][105] proposed the closure of Withrow Elementary along with two other elementary schools in the northern part of the school district due to low enrollment, despite the passage of a $97.5-million bond earlier that year that would have funded improvements to Withrow Elementary.[106] Parents protested, fearing that placement of students into larger schools and classrooms would result in lower standardized test scores and academic performance, and higher dropout rates, school violence, and bullying.[107][108][109] The school district argued that the closures and reallocation of funds were necessary due to population growth in the southern half of the school district.[110] Several legal challenges were filed against the school district, individual school board members, and school district administrators, citing significant conflicts of interest and open-meeting violations. Despite these protests and legal challenges, Withrow Elementary was closed on May 31, 2017.[104]

On November 4, 2021, the Stillwater Area School District accepted an offer of $1.4 million for the vacant Withrow Elementary School from an anonymous donor on behalf of a private school, Liberty Classical Academy.[111]

Withrow Ballroom

Withrow Ballroom
Keystone Events Center, aka Withrow Ballroom

The Kinyon general store had a dance hall on the second floor and held dances on Saturday nights.[11] Dances were well attended, and the hitching rail to the south of the building was often full of horses.[50] There was no indoor plumbing at the time, so the dance hall's lavatory, attached to the back of the building, was a two-story outhouse. The dance hall was condemned by the state as a fire hazard having only one exit in the late 1920s.[47] Bernard and Anna Zahler, who lived on the old Withrow farm, offered to build a new ballroom. They bought the empty grain elevator, had it dismantled, and used the lumber to build a new ballroom. Zahler's Withrow Ballroom was built on the 12-acre (4.9 ha) site of the old blacksmith shop in 1928,[11] and is the oldest ballroom in the state of Minnesota.[6] The first dance was held on the Fourth of July. The band was a local group of musicians who were paid five dollars each. Admission was 25 cents, soft drinks were five cents, and near beer (a beverage that arose during Prohibition) was available to patrons.[112] Identified as an historic landmark in May Township, the 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) ballroom and 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) hardwood dance floor are widely regarded as one of the best rooms for live music in the Twin Cities.[113][114] The couple sold the ballroom to their son, Ed Zahler Sr., in 1946, after managing the place for nearly 20 years. Ed Zahler Sr. received a liquor license for the Withrow Ballroom in 1950.[6] It was basically a BYOB license, so customers would bring their own bottles, but the bar would sell the mixers. Ed and Gertrude Zahler continued the tradition of polka dances, but during the late 1950s, musical tastes started to change. Rock and roll became more popular than the traditional polka music of the area's German immigrant farmers, and Ed began to introduce rock and roll music, playing rock records during intermissions. Ed Zahler Jr. purchased the ballroom from his father in 1974, adding large picture windows,[112] food, and a kitchen, and made the venue available for the weddings and catered events.[115]

After ownership by three generations of Zahlers, Marvin and Mary Jane Babcock purchased the ballroom from Ed Zahler Jr. in 1983, renaming it the "Withrow Ballroom", and turning it over to their son Mark and his future wife Lori in 1985.[115] When Mark Babcock purchased the facility, the Withrow Ballroom was a white rectangular box in the middle of a corn field. At that time, Washington County had more horses per capita than anywhere else in the country,[116] so Babcock added a gazebo to the property and had the place remodeled to look like a Kentucky horse farm, complete with cupolas on the roof, an arched entrance, and 3,000 feet (910 m) of white fencing.[115] From 1997 through 2008, the Ballroom passed through multiple owners,[117][118][112][119][120] eventually closing on November 1, 2008, as a consequence of the Great Recession, and the building went into foreclosure. In 2009, John Rawson of Hugo formed the non-profit Withrow Historical Society in the hope of acquiring and preserving the Withrow Ballroom.[121][122] From 2009 through 2019, the Ballroom changed ownership a few more times.[123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133] Lawrence Xiong bought the facility in December 2019 and rebranded the ballroom as the Keystone Wedding and Events Center.[134][135][136][137][138]

Many popular musicians have played at the Withrow Ballroom, including the Six Fat Dutchmen, the Lamont Cranston Band, Bobby Z, and Grammy-award winning musicians Yanni and Jonny Lang,[139] in addition to many local bands and comedians, including Kevin Farley.[140][141][142] The Withrow Ballroom has hosted the Minnesota Bluegrass and Old Time Music Festival and the Minnesota State Polka Festival.[112] It has been the setting for hundreds of fundraisers (including a fundraiser for Zach Sobiech),[143][144] and a venue for conferences, class reunions, wedding receptions, ceremonies and anniversaries.[139][145]

Geology

Stratigraphy at Withrow
Stratigraphy and key at Withrow. Withrow lies midway between Jamaca (Jamaica) and Manning Avenues

The bedrock formations of Washington County are part of regionally extensive, gently sloping layers of sandstone, shale, and carbonate rock. These sedimentary rocks were deposited in mostly shallow marine settings during the Paleozoic era. The Paleozoic rock layers are more than 1,500 feet (460 m) thick in some places and were deposited over a span of 130 million years during the three geologic time periods known as the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Devonian. The manner in which they were deposited varied through time, and can be divided in two parts: the late Cambrian to the late Ordovician time period, when the rock layers were deposited as part of a texturally graded shelf, and the Devonian time period, when the depositional environment was dominated by carbonate deposited in a wider variety of conditions.[146] The older Cambrian-age formations consist primarily of sandstone and siltstone. In ascending order in the stratigraphic column, they include Mt. Simon Sandstone, Eau Claire Formation, Wonewoc Sandstone, Tunnel City Group, St. Lawrence Formation, and Jordan Sandstone. The Jordan Sandstone is the uppermost Cambrian formation of Minnesota and extends over large portions of adjacent states. Its characteristic loose, white-to-yellowish sand consisting of fine- to coarse-grained quartz sandstone, and very-fine-grained feldspathic sandstone with some shale and siltstone, lies below the massive drab gray-to-brown Oneota Dolomite.[147] The younger Ordovician-era layers are mostly limestone and dolostone with some sandstone and shale. They include, in ascending order, the Oneota Dolomite and Shakopee Formation of the Prairie du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Glenwood Formation, Platteville Formation, Decorah Sandstone, and Decorah Shale.[148][149]

Ordovician and Devonian dolomite (limestone, sandstone, and shale) are locally exposed, along with Precambrian bedrock, in the St. Croix River valley.[150] Unique fault blocks near Scandia are significant as the most northerly and shoreward outcrops of the St. Peter–Decorah rocks.[151]

Sandy glacial sediment is the dominant soil material.[152] Rhythmically layered in places, these superficial deposits are unconsolidated sediments, including stream and floodplain deposits, beach sands, gravel, glacial drive, and moraine. Primarily deposited in ice-walled lakes following glacial ice stagnation, thick silty clay and fine- to medium-grained sand are concentrated toward the middle of large deposits that consist, at least in part, of redeposited lacustrine and eolian sediment. Coarse-grained sediment occurs locally along the boundaries. Fine-grained sediments include a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and gravel referred to as diamicton (mudflow sediment), or till with occasional dropstones; coarser-grained sediments include glacial outwash that is commonly composed of sand and gravel.[148][153] Glacial drift is generally less than 100 feet (30 m) thick.[150] The well-drained, sandy soils made Withrow an ideal location for growing potatoes; the 2.5-pound (1.1 kg) state record heirloom potato variety "Sequoia" was grown by Withrow farmer William Streich in 1946.[10]

Geography

Withrow is located in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province in the ecological subsection of the St. Paul–Baldwin Plains, which consists of oak woodland, oak savanna, and prairie.[23][154] Oak woodland and brushland was a common ecotonal type between tallgrass prairie and the Eastern deciduous forest. When the area was originally settled, vegetation consisted of oak openings and barrens: scattered areas and groves of oaks (mostly bur oak and pin oak) of scrubby form, with some brush and occasional pines, maple, and basswood.[150][155] Land cover today mostly consists of cultivated crops, pasture, and hay, along with scattered deciduous forests of oak and aspen, hazelnut thickets, and prairie openings.[156] A grove of black walnut trees lines the east side of Keystone Avenue at its intersection with County Road 9.[157]

Washington County is in the northern continental United States and is characterized by a cool, subhumid climate with a large temperature difference between the summer and winter seasons. Winters are very cold, and summers are fairly short and warm. Snow covers the ground much of the time from late fall through early spring. Average summer temperatures are approximately 70 °F (21 °C) June through August, and winter temperatures are approximately 18 °F (−8 °C) December through February.[148][158] July is the warmest month, when the average high temperature is 80 °F (27 °C) and the average low is 63 °F (17 °C). January is the coldest, with an average high temperature of 21 °F (−6 °C) and average low of 3 °F (−16 °C). Its Köppen climate classification is Dfa. Annual normal precipitation ranges from 28 inches in the north to 31 inches in the south, and the growing season precipitation averages 12.5 to 13 inches. The average growing season length ranges from 146 to 156 days.[150] Normal annual snowfall totals about 50 inches (130 cm).[159] It was always a newsworthy event whenever the snowplow came through Withrow.[70][160][161]

Withrow lies at an elevation of 981 feet (299 m) in Washington County, Minnesota, 15 miles (24 km) northeast of St. Paul.[2] Withrow is located 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of White Bear Lake and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) northwest of Stillwater, 2.9 miles (4.7 km) north of Minnesota State Highway 96 and 5.2 miles (8.4 km) east of U.S. Highway 61.[5] The last year Withrow appeared on the Official Minnesota State Highway Map was 2012.[162]

Brown's Creek

Brown's Creek
Brown's Creek

Brown's Creek has its source near Withrow.[163] It is a spring-fed limestone creek that is naturally cold. The creek was named after Joseph R. Brown, a fur trader who built a warehouse on the south side of the creek at its confluence with the St. Croix River.[164] Its source is a wetland on private property originally owned by Jesse Soule,[165] about 0.6 miles (0.97 km) east-southeast of Withrow, near the intersection of Lansing Avenue North with 117th Avenue South.[166] Soule owned two adjacent parcels of land in Grant Township on either side of Kimbro Avenue North: the first parcel on the west side of Kimbro consisted of 36.95 acres (14.95 ha), and the second parcel, on the east side, consisted of 45.06 acres (18.24 ha) and the source of Brown's Creek.[165] Plaisted, North School Section, South School Section, and Goggins Lakes in Hugo and May Township form the headwaters of Brown's Creek. The creek flows south, paralleling Lansing Avenue, crossing under Manning Avenue north of Minnesota State Highway 96, then takes a eastward course along Brown's Creek State Trail, crossing under McKusick Road where the creek enters a steep wooded gorge with a dense broadleaf forest canopy before emptying into the Saint Croix River.[166] The downstream portion of the creek is fed by shallow buried sand and bedrock aquifers.[148] The official length of Brown's Creek is 6.83 miles (10.99 km).[166]

In 1955, a conservation effort was undertaken to restore natural riparian vegetation and revive the imperiled trout population in Brown's Creek. Trout are sensitive to water temperature, requiring water colder than 65 °F (18 °C) to survive.[167][168] Brown's Creek, containing brown trout of average size and abundance, is one of only a few streams in the Twin Cities metropolitan area that support a fishable population of trout.[163] The current Brown's Creek Watershed District was formed in 1995.[166]

Brown's Creek State Trail roughly follows Brown's Creek from near its confluence with the St. Croix to Neal Avenue. The trail follows the line of the former Stillwater and St. Paul Railroad which connected White Bear Lake to Stillwater. The line was completed in 1870, was purchased by the Northern Pacific Railway in 1878, and became a part of the Burlington Northern Railroad in the merger of 1970.[83] Burlington Northern abandoned this line in 1983 and donated the eastern 6 miles (9.7 km) to the Minnesota Transportation Museum, which leased the line to the Minnesota Zephyr in 1987, selling the line to the Zephyr in 1993.[94] The Minnesota Zephyr traveled along the tracks from north of downtown Stillwater to the line's intersection with the Gateway Trail at Duluth Junction, where Burlington Northern crossed the former Soo Line Railroad just south of Minnesota State Highway 96. The Minnesota Zephyr sold the train corridor to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources in February of 2012,[169] and Brown's Creek State Trail opened in October 2014.[170][171][172] There are a few public fishing areas on Brown's Creek that are accessible from the trail.[166]

See also

References

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  169. ^ Divine, Mary (September 10, 2012). "Washington County: Minnesota Zephyr Tracks Coming Out; Brown's Creek Trail Going In". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
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  171. ^ Hong, Angie (December 22, 2011). "Brown's Creek, the Trail and the Watershed District". Oakdale Patch (MN). Archived from the original on September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
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Sources

External links

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