Yauco, Puerto Rico

Yauco, Puerto Rico
—  City and Municipality  —
Yauco's town plaza (Plaza Fernando Pacheco)
Flag
Nickname(s): El Pueblo del Café", "Capital Taína", "Los Corsos
Anthem: "Pueblo de gestas gloriosas"
Location of Yauco in Puerto Rico
Coordinates: 18°2′13″N 66°51′1″W
Country	United States
Territory	Puerto Rico
Founded	February 29, 1756
Government
• Mayor	Abel Nazario Quiñones (PNP)
• Senatorial dist.	5 - Ponce
• Representative dist.	21,23
Area
• Total	68.8 sq mi (178.1 km2)
• Land	68.1 sq mi (176.5 km2)
• Water	0.6 sq mi (1.6 km2)
Population (2010)
• Total	42,043
• Density	611.4/sq mi (236.1/km2)
Demonym	Yaucanos
Time zone	AST (UTC-4)
Zip code	00698
Area code	787
Website	yauco.com

Yauco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈʝauko]) is a city (ciudad) and municipality in southern Puerto Rico facing the Caribbean, south of Maricao, Lares and Adjuntas; east of Sabana Grande and Guánica; and west of Guayanilla. Yauco is spread over 20 wards and Yauco Pueblo (The urban area and the administrative center of the town). It is both a principal city of the Yauco Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area.

According to the United States Census Bureau the population of Yauco in the year 2000 was 46,384 persons and in 2010 it decreased to 42,043 persons, resulting in a net loss of 4,341 people or 9.36%. Its land area is 176.5 square kilometers with a population density of 238.2 per square kilometer. Its postal zip code is 00698, telephone area code is 787, and it is in the Atlantic time zone.

Yauco is also the name of the principal town (zona urbana) of the municipality. The town's population in 2000 was 19,609. The town, built on a hillside, has stepped streets and traditional houses, some of which are open for tours.

Yaucanos also call their home la Ciudad del Café (City of Coffee), la Capital Taína (Taíno Capital), and los Corsos (The Corsicans).

History and important historical events

The city of Yauco was named after the river Yauco which was originally known as coayuco by the Taínos, meaning "yucca plantation".

Cacique Agüeybaná

• The area of Yauco was considered as the capital of "Boriken" (Taíno name of Puerto Rico) and was governed by Agüeybana, the most powerful Taíno "cacique" (chief) in the island. All the other Caciques were subject to and had to obey Agüeybaná, even though they governed their own tribes. Upon Agüeybaná's death in 1510, his nephew, Güeybaná (also known as Agüeybaná II), became the most powerful Cacique in the island. Agüeybaná II had his doubts about the "godly" status of the Spaniards. He came up with a plan to test these doubts; he and Urayoán (cacique of Añasco) sent some of their tribe members to lure a Spaniard by the name of Diego Salcedo into a river and drown him. They watched over Salcedo's body to make sure that he would not resuscitate. Salcedo's death was enough to convince him and the rest of the Taíno people that the Spaniards were not gods. This in turn led to the failed Taíno rebellion of 1511.

• In 1755, the Spanish settlers of the region built a small chapel and named it "Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario" (Our Lady of the Rosary). The settlers sent Fernando Pacheco as their representative to the Spanish Government, to request the establishment of a municipality, since one of the requisites to such a request, the establishment of a place of worship, had been met. On February 29, 1755, the King of Spain granted the settlers their request and the town of Yauco was established. Fernando Pacheco was named First Lieutenant of War of the new town.

Early Yauco Coffee Plantation (Pre-1920)

Main article: Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico

• The island of Puerto Rico is very similar in geography to the island of Corsica and therefore appealed to the many Corsicans who wanted to start a "new" life. Under the Spanish Royal Decree of Graces, the Corsicans and other immigrants were granted land and initially given a "Letter of Domicile" after swearing loyalty to the Spanish Crown and allegiance to the Catholic Church. After five years they could request a "Letter of Naturalization" that would make them Spanish subjects. Hundreds of Corsicans and their families immigrated to Puerto Rico from as early as 1830, and their numbers peaked in the 1850s. The first Spanish settlers settled and owned the land in the coastal areas, the Corsicans tended to settle the mountainous southwestern region of the island, primary in the towns of Adjuntas, Lares, Utuado, Ponce, Coamo, Yauco, Guayanilla and Guánica. However, it was Yauco whose rich agricultural area attracted the majority of the Corsican settlers. The three main crops in Yauco were coffee, sugar cane and tobacco. The new settlers dedicated themselves to the cultivation of these crops and within a short period of time some were even able to own and operate their own grocery stores. However, it was with the cultivation of the coffee bean that they would make their fortunes. Cultivation of coffee in Yauco originally began in the Rancheras and Diego Hernández sectors and later extended to the Aguas Blancas, Frailes and Rubias sectors. The Mariani family created a machine out of a cotton gin in the 1860s, which was used in the dehusking of coffee. This represented a significant improvement in Puerto Rico's coffee appearance and an opportunity to stand out in the international coffee market. By the 1860s the Corsican settlers were the leaders of the coffee industry in Puerto Rico and seven out of ten coffee plantations were owned by Corsicans.

Flag flown by Fidel Vélez and his men during the "Intentona de Yauco" revolt

Main article: Intentona de Yauco

• The second and last major revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Puerto Rico, by Puerto Rico's pro-independence movement, known as the Intentona de Yauco a.k.a. the "Attempted Coup of Yauco", was staged in Yauco. The revolt, which occurred on of March 26, 1897, was organized by Antonio Mattei Lluberas, Meteo Mercado and Fidel Velz and was backed up by leaders of "El Grito de Lares", the first major independence attempt, who were in exile in New York City as members of the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee. It was during this uprising that Fidel Velz unfurled the current flag of Puerto Rico on Puerto Rican soil for the first time. Rumors of the planned event spread to the local Spanish authorities who acted swiftly and put an end to what would be the last major uprising in the island to Spanish colonial rule.

Part of the Hacienda Desideria, owned by Antonio Mariani, where the Battle of Yauco took place in 1898

Main article: Puerto Rico Campaign

• In 1898, upon the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Guánica was a small barrio within the jurisdiction of the town of Yauco. It had 60 houses in all and its only defense was eleven members of the 4th Volante de Yauco, a Puerto Rican militia unit, under the command of Lieutenant Enrique Méndez López. When the convoy with General Nelson Miles, approached the barion, Guánica lighthouse keeper Robustiano Rivera immediately gave the alert to the residents of the barrio. All of the residents, with the exception Agustín Barrenechea, Vicente Ferrer, Juan María Morciglio, Simón Mejil, Salvador Muñoz, Cornelio Serrano and Pascual Elena who welcomed the invaders, abandoned their homes and joined Rivera on his journey to Yauco where he broke the news of the invading forces to the city's mayor. The first skirmish between Spanish/Puerto Rican and American armed forces was fought in that barrio between the Puerto Rican militia and twenty-eight sailors and Marines, under the command of Lieutenants H. P. Huse and Wood, departed from the SS Gloucester on rafts and landed on the beach, occurred when Lt. Méndez López and his men attacked and opened fire on the Americans. During the small battle which followed, the Americans returned fire with their machine gun and the Gloucester began to bombard the Spanish position. Lt. Méndez López and three of his men were wounded and the militia unit was forced to retreat to the town of Yauco. Yauco was also the place where the first major land battle between Spanish/Puerto Rican and American armed forces was fought in Puerto Rico during the war. On July 26, 1898, Spanish forces and Puerto Rican volunteers, led by Captain Salvador Meca and Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Puig fought against the American forces led by Brigadier General George A. Garretson. The Spanish forces engaged the 6th Massachusetts in a firefight at the Hacienda Desideria, owned by Antonio Mariani, in what became known as the Battle of Yauco of the Puerto Rico Campaign. Puig and his forces suffered 2 officers and 3 soldiers wounded and 2 soldiers dead. The Spanish forces were ordered to retreat.

Flag

The flag of Yauco consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, black the superior and gold the inferior one. To the center the official shield of Yauco.

Coat of Arms

Shield divided in quarters by a cross in the center that represents the Christendom. In a silver field a gold and black boiler, with seven necks and heads of black serpents in each handle, three to the right hand, confronted with four to the left-hand side. Bordered by a checkered band in gold and black. The second and third quarter, in a field of gold, two coffee plant flowers of five leaves of silver and four red. The coffee plant flower and the coffee grains, represent their cultivation in the Yauco municipality. The border of the shield represents the beads of the rosary. The three tower crown, establishes its category of town.

Demographics

Barrios (Districts/Wards)

Population (census 2010): 50,258

Yauco Pueblo, August 2006

A lake in Yauco, August 2006

• Aguas Blancas
• Algarrobo
• Almácigo Alto
• Almácigo Bajo
• Barinas
• Caimito
• Collores
• Diego Hernandez
• Duey
• Frailes
• Jácana
• Naranjo
• Palomas
• Quebradas
• Ranchera
• Río Prieto
• Rubias
• Sierra Alta
• Susúa Alta
• Susúa Baja
• Vegas
• Yauco Pueblo

Geo/Topography

• Mount Membrillo, the Rodadero Peak and the Curet Hill.
• Rivers; Río Chiquito, Duey Loco, Río Naranjo and Río Yauco.

Economy

Agriculture

Yauco's main crops are coffee, plantains, oranges and tobacco. Yauco coffees are a revived specialty origin that, at best, display the qualities that made Jamaica Blue Mountain famous: A deep, vibrant, yet restrained acidity and balanced, gently rich flavor. However, this potentially finest of Caribbean coffees is often marred by inconsistency.

Industry

Yauco also produces textiles and other light manufactured materials.

Tourism

Landmarks and places of interest

• Mansión Negroni
• Casa Franceschi
• Casa Agre
• Casa Cesari
• Iglesia Católica Nuestra Señora del Rosario
• Lucchetti Lake
• Nuestra Señora del Rosario Hermitage Ruins
• Plaza Fernando Pacheco
• Teatro Ideal
• Tozza Castle
• Vega Lake
• Colegio Santísimo Rosario (Holy Rosary School)
• Yauco Urban Park

Festivals and events

• Festival Nacional del Café - February
• Fiestas Patronales en honor a la Patrona del Pueblo, Nuestra Señora del Rosario (Our Lady of the Rosary, Patroness) - October
• Festival Internacional de las Culturas - December

Notable people

The following is a list of some of Yauco's most distinguished natives.

Antonio Mattei Lluberas

Brigadier General José Semidei Rodríguez

• Agostini Bonelli, Amelia (1896–1996) – anthologist, poet, educator, professor in Columbia University
• Caminero Milán, Joaquin (1936-2011) Poet
• Caminero Sanchez, Mario (1892-?) Poet, Writer, Attorney at law
• Filardi, Carmelo - Artist, author
• Filomón Matos Ramos (1915–2008)- Merchant
• Franquiz, José A. (1906–1967) – poet
• Gilormini, Mihiel "Mike" (1918–1988) – World War II hero and co-founder of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard. Retired as Brigadier General in the Air National Guard.
• Giovannetti, Jose Antonio – educator, poet
• Llorens Mattei, Johnny (1992- )- Radio Personality
• Llorens Mattei, John Paul (1995- ) - Radio Personality
• Dr. Martínez Maldonado, Manuel - Discovered a natriuretic hormone and has authored numerous scientific publications.
• Mariani, Pedro Domingo (1880–1925) – poet, journalist
• Mariani-Ortiz, Lydia – educator, PR rights activist
• Masini-Molini, José Antonio "El Corso" (1913–1987) – Agronomist. Director, Land Authority of P.R. (1969–1972) – Director, Sugar Corporation of P.R. (1977–1984)
• Mattei, Andrés (1863–1925) – poet, journalist
• Mattei Lluberas, Antonio (1857–1908) - Leader of the Intentona de Yauco revolt of 1897 and Mayor of Yauco from 1904 to 1906
• Mignucci Calder, Carlos Armando (1889–1954) – politician, Mayor of Yauco (1944–52), Member of Puerto Rico's Constitutional Assembly (1952)
• Negroni, Héctor Andrés – First Puerto Rican graduate of the US Air Force Academy, US Air Force Colonel, Fighter Pilot, Senior Aerospace Executive and Historian
• Negroni Arizmendi, Julio Alberto – Electrical Engineer who served as the First President for the Water Works Authority in Puerto Rico.
• Negroni Nigaglioni, Santiago – journalist, educator poet, Founder and first President of Puerto Rico Teachers Association.
• Negroni Lucca, Andrés de los Santos (1851–1920) – Puerto Rican patriot and one of the 16 prisoners in El Morro Castle in 1887.
• Negroni Mattei, Francisco (1897–1939) – poet, journalist
• Olivari Santoni, Tomás (1902–1904) – Architect and Mayor of Yauco
• Olivieri Rodríguez, Ulises – poet, journalist
• Rojas Tollinchi, Francisco, poet, civic leader and journalist.
• Semidei Rodríguez, José - Brigadier General in the Cuban Liberation Army. Semidei Rodríguez fought in Cuba's War of Independence (1895–1898) and after Cuba gained it's independence he continued to serve in that country as diplomat.
• Torres Aguilo, Bernardo - Merchant, Farmer of the Year several times.

See also

• Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
• Battle of Yauco
• Intentona de Yauco

External links

• Yauco and its barrios, United States Census Bureau
• Yauco's Website