Legal Adviser of the Department of State: Difference between revisions
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{{Use American English|date = March 2019}} |
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{{Short description|U.S. government position}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}} |
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{{Infobox Political post |
{{Infobox Political post |
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|post = Legal Adviser of the<br>United States Department of State |
|post = Legal Adviser of the<br>United States Department of State |
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|body = |
|body = |
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|insignia = |
|insignia = US Department of State official seal.svg |
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|insigniasize = |
|insigniasize = 120 |
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|insigniacaption = |
|insigniacaption = Seal of the United States Department of State |
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|image = Richard C. Visek.jpg |
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|incumbent = Richard C. Visek<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard C. Visek |url=https://www.state.gov/biographies/richard-c-visek/ |website=state.gov |date=January 2021|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> |
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|image = MaryMcleod-StateDept.gif |
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|acting = yes |
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|incumbentsince = January |
|incumbentsince = January 20, 2021 |
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|style = |
|style = |
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|residence = |
|residence = |
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|termlength = |
|termlength = |
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|reports_to = [[United States Secretary of State]] |
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|formation = 1931 |
|formation = 1931 |
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|inaugural = [[Green Hackworth]] |
|inaugural = [[Green Hackworth]] |
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|website = [ |
|website = [https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/bureaus-and-offices-reporting-directly-to-the-secretary/office-of-the-legal-adviser/ Official Website] |
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The '''Legal Adviser of the Department of State''' is a position within the [[United States Department of State]]. |
The '''Legal Adviser of the Department of State''' is a position within the [[United States Department of State]]. The legal adviser provides legal advice on all problems (domestic and international) arising in the course of the department's activities. |
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The legal adviser heads the State Department's Office of the Legal Adviser. As such, the legal adviser has the rank of [[Assistant Secretary of State|Assistant Secretary]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assistant Secretaries and Equivalent Rank |url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/c7649.htm|date=January 20, 2009 |website=state.gov|access-date=November 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Department Organization Chart |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/99494.htm |website=state.gov |date=March 2014|access-date=November 15, 2015}}</ref> |
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== History== |
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The Legal Adviser heads the United States Department of State Office of the Legal Adviser. |
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From 1870 to 1891, the examiner of claims had been the chief legal officer of the department. The solicitor, a [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] employee, had functioned as the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]'s chief legal officer from 1891 to 1931. Solicitors and examiners of claims were by statute officials of the Department of Justice. |
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The position of Legal Advisor was created by an [[Act of Congress]] on February 23, 1931 (P.L. 71-715; 46 Stat. 1214). The first legal adviser was [[Green Hackworth]], who served until 1946 and then became a judge on the [[International Court of Justice]]. |
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== List of |
== List of legal advisers of the Department of State == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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!Name |
!Name |
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!Assumed |
!Assumed office |
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!Left |
!Left office |
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![[President of the United States|President]] served under |
![[President of the United States|President]] served under |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[William Howard Taft IV]] |
|[[William Howard Taft IV]] |
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|April 16, 2001 |
|April 16, 2001 |
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|March 2005 |
|March 1, 2005 |
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|[[George W. Bush]] |
|[[George W. Bush]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[John B. Bellinger III]] |
|[[John B. Bellinger III]] |
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|April 6, 2005 |
|April 6, 2005 |
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|March 23, 2009<ref>http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS/html/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS.htm</ref> |
|March 23, 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS/html/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503030705/http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS/html/DCPD-2009NOMINATIONS.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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|[[George W. Bush]], [[Barack Obama]] |
|[[George W. Bush]], [[Barack Obama]] |
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|- |
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|[[Joan E. Donoghue]] (acting) |
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|March 23, 2009 |
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|June 25, 2009 |
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|[[Barack Obama]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Harold Hongju Koh]] |
|[[Harold Hongju Koh]] |
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|[[Barack Obama]] |
|[[Barack Obama]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|Mary McLeod |
|Mary McLeod (acting) |
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|January |
|January 23, 2013 |
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|February 1, 2016 |
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|present |
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|[[Barack Obama]] |
|[[Barack Obama]] |
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|- |
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|Brian Egan |
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|February 2, 2016 |
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|January 20, 2017 |
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|[[Barack Obama]] |
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|- |
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|Richard C. Visek (acting) |
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|January 20, 2017 |
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|January 22, 2018 |
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|rowspan="3" | [[Donald Trump]] |
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|- |
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| [[Jennifer Gillian Newstead]] |
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| January 22, 2018 |
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| May 31, 2019 |
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|- |
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| [[Marik String]] (acting) |
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| June 1, 2019 |
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| January 20, 2021 |
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|- |
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| Richard C. Visek (acting) |
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| January 20, 2021 |
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| |
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| [[Joe Biden]] |
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|} |
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{{USDOS agencies}} |
{{USDOS agencies}} |
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{{United States Assistant Secretaries of State}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Legal Adviser Of The Department Of State}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Legal Adviser Of The Department Of State}} |
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[[Category:United States Department of State agencies]] |
[[Category:United States Department of State agencies]] |
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[[Category:Government agencies established in 1931]] |
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1931]] |
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[[Category:United States Department of State officials| ]] |
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[[Category:United States diplomacy]] |
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Revision as of 21:05, 10 March 2023
Legal Adviser of the United States Department of State | |
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Reports to | United States Secretary of State |
Inaugural holder | Green Hackworth |
Formation | 1931 |
Website | Official Website |
The Legal Adviser of the Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State. The legal adviser provides legal advice on all problems (domestic and international) arising in the course of the department's activities. The legal adviser heads the State Department's Office of the Legal Adviser. As such, the legal adviser has the rank of Assistant Secretary.[2][3]
History
From 1870 to 1891, the examiner of claims had been the chief legal officer of the department. The solicitor, a Department of Justice employee, had functioned as the Department of State's chief legal officer from 1891 to 1931. Solicitors and examiners of claims were by statute officials of the Department of Justice. The position of Legal Advisor was created by an Act of Congress on February 23, 1931 (P.L. 71-715; 46 Stat. 1214). The first legal adviser was Green Hackworth, who served until 1946 and then became a judge on the International Court of Justice.
List of legal advisers of the Department of State
Name | Assumed office | Left office | President served under |
---|---|---|---|
Green Hackworth | July 1, 1931[4] | March 1, 1946 | Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman |
Charles H. Fahy | June 19, 1946 | August 15, 1947 | Harry S. Truman |
Ernest A. Gross | August 16, 1947 | March 3, 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
Adrian S. Fisher | June 28, 1949 | January 27, 1953 | Harry S. Truman |
Herman Phleger | February 2, 1953 | April 1, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Loftus Becker | June 13, 1957 | August 15, 1959 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Eric H. Hager | September 9, 1959 | January 20, 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Abram Chayes | February 6, 1961 | June 27, 1964 | John F. Kennedy |
Leonard C. Meeker | May 18, 1965 | July 13, 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
John Reese Stevenson | July 14, 1969 | January 1, 1973 | Richard Nixon |
Carlyle E. Maw | November 27, 1973 | July 9, 1974 | Richard Nixon |
Monroe Leigh | January 21, 1975 | January 20, 1977 | Gerald Ford |
Herbert J. Hansell | April 8, 1977 | September 20, 1979 | Jimmy Carter |
Roberts Bishop Owen | October 4, 1979 | February 16, 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
Davis Rowland Robinson | July 30, 1981 | February 27, 1985 | Ronald Reagan |
Abraham David Sofaer | June 10, 1985 | June 15, 1990 | Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush |
Edwin D. Williamson | September 20, 1990 | January 20, 1993 | George H. W. Bush |
Conrad K. Harper | May 24, 1993 | June 30, 1996 | Bill Clinton |
David Andrews | September 2, 1997 | April 25, 2000 | Bill Clinton |
William Howard Taft IV | April 16, 2001 | March 1, 2005 | George W. Bush |
John B. Bellinger III | April 6, 2005 | March 23, 2009[5] | George W. Bush, Barack Obama |
Joan E. Donoghue (acting) | March 23, 2009 | June 25, 2009 | Barack Obama |
Harold Hongju Koh | June 25, 2009 | January 22, 2013 | Barack Obama |
Mary McLeod (acting) | January 23, 2013 | February 1, 2016 | Barack Obama |
Brian Egan | February 2, 2016 | January 20, 2017 | Barack Obama |
Richard C. Visek (acting) | January 20, 2017 | January 22, 2018 | Donald Trump |
Jennifer Gillian Newstead | January 22, 2018 | May 31, 2019 | |
Marik String (acting) | June 1, 2019 | January 20, 2021 | |
Richard C. Visek (acting) | January 20, 2021 | Joe Biden |
References
- ^ "Richard C. Visek". state.gov. January 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ "Assistant Secretaries and Equivalent Rank". state.gov. January 20, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
- ^ "Department Organization Chart". state.gov. March 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
- ^ Initially commissioned during a Senate recess; subsequently confirmed and re-commissioned on December 17, 1931.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)