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Slavery in ottoman ages for gaining the spouse, is a custom still formally common in modern Turkey named as "Kız kaçırma" by willing is a celebration of marriage different from the western view.
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|name = Kösem Sultan <br><small>Mehpeyker Sultan</small>
|name = Kösem Sultan <br><small>Mehpeyker Sultan</small>
| image = Kosem Sultan - Greek Ottoman cropped.JPG
| image = Kosem Sultan - Greek Ottoman cropped.JPG
| image_size = 200px
| image_size = 130px
| caption = '''Kösem Sultan with servants in 1647'''
| caption = '''Kösem Sultan with servants in 1647'''
|birth_name = Anastasia
|birth_name = Anastasia
|birth_date = [[1589]]
|birth_date = [[1589]]
|birth_place = [[Tinos]], [[Ottoman Greece]]
|birth_place = [[Ottoman Bosnia]]
|death_date = [[1651]]
|death_date = [[1651]]
|death_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|death_place = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
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|resting_place_coordinates =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|residence = [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|ethnicity = [[Greeks|Greek]]<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23">{{cite book |author= Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick |title= Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history |publisher= I.B.Tauris |year= 2007 |page=23 |isbn= 1845115058 |quote= Kosem, who was of Greek origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Singh, Nagendra Kr |title=International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT |year=2000 |pages=423–424 |isbn=8126104031 |quote= Kosem Walide or Kosem Sultan, called Mahpaykar (ca. 1589-1651), wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad I and mother of the sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim I [q.vv.]. She was Greek by birth, and achieved power in the first place through the harem, exercising a decisive influence in the state }}</ref>
|ethnicity = [[Greeks|Greek]]<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23">{{cite book |author= Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick |title= Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history |publisher= I.B.Tauris |year= 2007 |page=23 |isbn= 1845115058 |quote= Kosem, who was of Bosnian origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Singh, Nagendra Kr |title=International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT |year=2000 |pages=423–424 |isbn=8126104031 |quote= Kosem Walide or Kosem Sultan, called Mahpaykar (ca. 1589-1651), wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad I and mother of the sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim I [q.vv.]. She was Bosnian by birth, and achieved power in the first place through the harem, exercising a decisive influence in the state }}</ref>
|religion = [[Greeks|Greeks Orthodox Christian]], subsequently converted to [[Islam]] after her capture
|religion = [[Greeks|Greeks Orthodox Christian]], subsequently converted to [[Islam]] after her capture
|known_for = She was the most powerful woman in Ottoman history, she achieved power and influenced the course of the Ottoman empire.
|known_for = She was one of the most powerful woman in Ottoman history, she achieved power and influenced the course of the Ottoman empire.
|education =
|education =
|networth =
|networth =
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}}
}}
{{double image|right|IV. Murat.jpg|120|Ibrahim I.jpg|120|Kösem Sultan's sons who were Sultans of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Left: [[Murad IV]](ca. 1612–1640) Right: [[Ibrahim I]] (ca. 1615–1648)}}
{{double image|right|IV. Murat.jpg|120|Ibrahim I.jpg|120|Kösem Sultan's sons who were Sultans of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Left: [[Murad IV]](ca. 1612–1640) Right: [[Ibrahim I]] (ca. 1615–1648)}}
'''HIH The Emperor's mother Kösem Sultan''' (''ca.'' 1589 &ndash; 3 September 1651) — also known as '''Mehpeyker Sultan'''<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> — was the most powerful woman in [[Ottoman history]] <ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195">Douglas Arthur Howard, The History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0313307083, p 195</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Bator, Robert, - Rothero, Chris |title= Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul |publisher= Twenty-First Century Books |year= 2000 |page= 42 |isbn= 0822532174 |quote= When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Greek slave Kosem earned this distinction }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Akbar, M. J. |title=The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |page=89 |isbn=0415284708 |quote=His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Westheimer, Ruth Karola, - Kaplan, Steven |title= Power |publisher= Madison Books |location= University of Virginia |year= 2001 |page= 19 |isbn= 1568332300 |quote= Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kosem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time }}</ref>. Consort and favourite concubine of Ottoman Sultan [[Ahmed I]] (r. 1603-1617). She achieved power and influenced the course of the [[Ottoman empire]] through her consort Sultan [[Ahmet I]](r 1603–17), then through her sons [[Murad IV]] (r 1623–40) and [[Ibrahim I]] ('the Mad’, r 1640–48) and finally through her minor grandson [[Mehmed IV]] (r 1648–87). She was [[Valide Sultan]] ([[Queen Mother]]) from 1623 to 1651<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/>, when her sons [[Murad IV]] and [[Ibrahim I]] and her grandson [[Mehmed IV]] (1648–1687) reigned as Ottoman sultans. She was a prominent figure during the [[sultanate of the women]]. She was official regent twice and was thereby one of two women to have been formal regents of the Ottoman Empire.
'''HIH The Emperor's mother Kösem Sultan''' (''ca.'' 1589 &ndash; 3 September 1651) — also known as '''Mehpeyker Sultan'''<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> — was one of the most powerful woman in [[Ottoman history]] <ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195">Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0313307083, p 195</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Bator, Robert, - Rothero, Chris |title= Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul |publisher= Twenty-First Century Books |year= 2000 |page= 42 |isbn= 0822532174 |quote= When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Greek slave Kosem earned this distinction }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Akbar, M. J. |title=The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |page=89 |isbn=0415284708 |quote=His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Westheimer, Ruth Karola, - Kaplan, Steven |title= Power |publisher= Madison Books |location= University of Virginia |year= 2001 |page= 19 |isbn= 1568332300 |quote= Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kosem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time }}</ref>. Consort and favourite concubine of Ottoman Sultan [[Ahmed I]] (r. 1603-1617). She achieved power and influenced the course of the [[Ottoman empire]] through her consort Sultan [[Ahmet I]](r 1603–17), then through her sons [[Murad IV]] (r 1623–40) and [[Ibrahim I]] ('the Mad’, r 1640–48) and finally through her minor grandson [[Mehmed IV]] (r 1648–87). She was [[Valide Sultan]] ([[Queen Mother]]) from 1623 to 1651<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/>, when her sons [[Murad IV]] and [[Ibrahim I]] and her grandson [[Mehmed IV]] (1648–1687) reigned as Ottoman sultans. She was a prominent figure during the [[sultanate of the women]]. She was official regent twice and was thereby one of two women to have been formal regents of the Ottoman Empire.


==Biography==
==Biography==
===Early life===
===Early life===
Kösem was of [[Greeks|Greek]] ethnic origin<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23"/><ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/><ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61">{{cite book |author= Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan |title= Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire |publisher= Turkish Historical Society Printing House |year= 1993 |page= 61 |isbn= 975160544X |quote= Many of these ladies of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Sultana Kosem (Anastasia), of Greek origin, who was the wife of Ahmet I (1603-17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623-40), and of Ibrahim I (1640-8) }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard |title= The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul |publisher= Brill |year= 2000 |page= 21 |isbn= 9004112421 |quote= Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589-1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East |publisher=Burke's Peerage |year=1980 |page=239 |oclc=311403844 |quote=Valide Sultan (who was of Greek origin) }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322666/Kosem-Sultan|title=Kösem Sultan.|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2010-December-7|last=|first=|quote= Kösem Sultan, (b. c. 1585—d. Sept. 2, 1651), Ottoman sultana, said to have been of Greek origin and beautiful when young, who exercised a strong influence on Ottoman politics for half a century, first as the wife of Sultan Ahmed I and then as mother of Murad IV and İbrahim I and grandmother of Mehmed IV. }}</ref><ref>E. van Donzel, Islamic Desk Reference: Compiled from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers, p 219</ref><ref>Robert Bator, Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul, Runestone Press, p 42</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen |title= The Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher= Brill |year= 1954 |page= 597 |isbn= 9004070265 |quote= Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585-1651) }}</ref><ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228">{{cite book |author= Davis, Fanny |title= The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul |publisher= Scribner |year= 1970 |pages=227–228 |oclc=636864790 |quote= Kosem was a Greek, said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her capture, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mahpeyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem }}</ref>, and the daughter of a [[priest]] from the island of [[Tinos]].<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74">{{cite book |author= Hogan, Christine |title= The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World |publisher= Macmillan Publishers Aus |year= 2006 |page=74 |isbn= 1405037016, 9781405037013 |quote= Kosem was born on the Greek island of Tinos, where she was Anastasia, the daughter of a Greek Orthodox priest. Captured by slavers, she was taken to Constantinople }}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215">{{cite book |author= Freely, John |title= Istanbul: the imperial city |publisher= Viking |year= 1996 |page= 215 |isbn= 0140244611 |quote= Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sold as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem }}</ref> Her maiden name was [[Anastasia]].<ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61"/> She was as a youth captured by slavers, and taken to [[Constantinople]],<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74"/> the capital of the Ottoman Empire where she found herself at the age of fifteen in the [[harem]] of Sultan Ahmed I.<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23"/><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215"/> Her name was changed after her capture to ''Mahpeyker'' (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet I to ''Kosem''.<ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228"/> She was transferred to the old palace on the death of Sultan Ahmed in 1617, but returned as [[Valide Sultan]], when Murad IV was installed in 1623.
Kösem was of Bosnian [[Greeks|Greek]] ethnic origin<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23"/><ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/><ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61">{{cite book |author= Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan |title= Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire |publisher= Turkish Historical Society Printing House |year= 1993 |page= 61 |isbn= 975160544X |quote= Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Sultana Kosem (Anastasia), of Greek origin, who was the wife of Ahmet I (1603-17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623-40), and of Ibrahim I (1640-8) }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard |title= The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul |publisher= Brill |year= 2000 |page= 21 |isbn= 9004112421 |quote= Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589-1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh |title=Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East |publisher=Burke's Peerage |year=1980 |page=239 |oclc=311403844 |quote=Valide Sultan (who was of Greek origin) }}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046105/Kosem-Sultan]</ref><ref>E. van Donzel, Islamic Desk Reference: Compiled from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers, p 219</ref><ref>Robert Bator, Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul, Runestone Press, p 42</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen |title= The Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher= Brill |year= 1954 |page= 597 |isbn= 9004070265 |quote= Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585-1651) }}</ref><ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228">{{cite book |author= Davis, Fanny |title= The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul |publisher= Scribner |year= 1970 |pages=227–228 |oclc=636864790 |quote= Kosem was a Greek, said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her capture, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mahpeyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem }}</ref>, and the daughter of a [[priest]] from the island of [[Tinos]].<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74">{{cite book |author= Hogan, Christine |title= The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World |publisher= Macmillan Publishers Aus |year= 2006 |page=74 |isbn= 1405037016, 9781405037013 |quote= Kosem was born on the Greek island of Tinos, where she was Anastasia, the daughter of a Greek Orthodox priest. Captured by slavers, she was sent to Constantinople by Bosna beylerbeyi}}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215">{{cite book |author= Freely, John |title= Istanbul: the imperial city |publisher= Viking |year= 1996 |page= 215 |isbn= 0140244611 |quote= Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem }}</ref> Her maiden name was [[Anastasia]].<ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61"/> She was as a youth captured,<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74"/> sent [[Constantinople]] the capital of the Ottoman Empire by Bosna Beylerbeyi where she was sold<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23"/><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215"/> at the age of fifteen to the [[harem]] of Sultan Ahmed I after cancelling her education in Constantinople. Her name was changed after her capture to ''Mahpeyker'' (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet I to ''Kosem''.<ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228"/> She was transferred to the old palace on the death of Sultan Ahmed in 1617, but returned as [[Valide Sultan]] (Queen Mother), when her son [[Mehmed IV]] was installed in 1623.


===First reign===
===First reign===
She was appointed not only Valide Sultan but also, as her son was a minor, as official regent during his minority; between 1623 and 1632 she became the first of two women in history who ruled the Ottoman Empire officially and alone. While women had been de facto regents in the empire before her, no woman had ever formally been regents, and her position was thereby new.
She was appointed not only Valide Sultan but also, as her son was a minor, as official regent during his minority; between 1623 and 1632 she became the first of two women in history who ruled the Ottoman Empire officially and alone. While women had been de facto regents in the empire before her, no woman had ever formally been regents, and her position was thereby new.
During most of the reign of Murad IV she effectively ran the empire, attending meetings of the [[Divan]] (cabinet) from behind a curtain, even after 1632, when she was not longer official regent.
During most of the reign of [[Murad IV]] she effectively ran the empire, attending meetings of the [[Divan]] (cabinet) from behind a curtain, even after 1632, when she was not longer official regent.


===Second reign===
===Second reign===


When Ibrahim succeeded his brother in 1640, he proved too mentally unstable to rule. This enabled Kösem to continue in power. Eventually Ibrahim was deposed and Kösem presented her seven year old grandson [[Mehmed IV]] to the divan with the words "Here he is!, see what you can do with him!"
When her son [[Ibrahim I]] succeeded his brother in 1640, he proved too mentally unstable to rule. This enabled Kösem to continue in power. Eventually Ibrahim was deposed and Kösem presented her seven year old grandson [[Mehmed IV]] to the divan with the words "Here he is!, see what you can do with him!"
Thus, she declared herself official regent for the second time, and ruled openly again between 1648 and 1651.
Thus, she declared herself official regent for the second time, and ruled openly again between 1648 and 1651.


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{{succession box|title=[[List of Valide Sultans|Valide Sultan]]|before=[[Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan]]|after=[[Turhan Hadice]]|years= [[1623]]–[[1648]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Valide Sultans|Valide Sultan]]|before=[[Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan]]|after=[[Turhan Hadice]]|years= [[1623]]–[[1648]]}}
{{end box}}
{{end box}}
{{Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->

Revision as of 19:19, 10 December 2010

Kösem Sultan
Mehpeyker Sultan
File:Kosem Sultan - Greek Ottoman cropped.JPG
Kösem Sultan with servants in 1647
Born
Anastasia

1589
Ottoman Bosnia
Died1651
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Resting placeIstanbul, Turkey, in the mausoleum of her husband Ahmed I
Known forShe was one of the most powerful woman in Ottoman history, she achieved power and influenced the course of the Ottoman empire.
SpouseOttoman Sultan Ahmed I
ChildrenMurad IV, Ibrahim I, Sulayman, Kasim, and daughters 'A'isha, Fatima and Djawharkhan[1]
RelativesMehmed IV her grandson

HIH The Emperor's mother Kösem Sultan (ca. 1589 – 3 September 1651) — also known as Mehpeyker Sultan[4] — was one of the most powerful woman in Ottoman history [4][5][6][7]. Consort and favourite concubine of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-1617). She achieved power and influenced the course of the Ottoman empire through her consort Sultan Ahmet I(r 1603–17), then through her sons Murad IV (r 1623–40) and Ibrahim I ('the Mad’, r 1640–48) and finally through her minor grandson Mehmed IV (r 1648–87). She was Valide Sultan (Queen Mother) from 1623 to 1651[4], when her sons Murad IV and Ibrahim I and her grandson Mehmed IV (1648–1687) reigned as Ottoman sultans. She was a prominent figure during the sultanate of the women. She was official regent twice and was thereby one of two women to have been formal regents of the Ottoman Empire.

Biography

Early life

Kösem was of Bosnian Greek ethnic origin[2][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and the daughter of a priest from the island of Tinos.[16][17] Her maiden name was Anastasia.[8] She was as a youth captured,[16] sent Constantinople the capital of the Ottoman Empire by Bosna Beylerbeyi where she was sold[2][17] at the age of fifteen to the harem of Sultan Ahmed I after cancelling her education in Constantinople. Her name was changed after her capture to Mahpeyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet I to Kosem.[15] She was transferred to the old palace on the death of Sultan Ahmed in 1617, but returned as Valide Sultan (Queen Mother), when her son Mehmed IV was installed in 1623.

First reign

She was appointed not only Valide Sultan but also, as her son was a minor, as official regent during his minority; between 1623 and 1632 she became the first of two women in history who ruled the Ottoman Empire officially and alone. While women had been de facto regents in the empire before her, no woman had ever formally been regents, and her position was thereby new. During most of the reign of Murad IV she effectively ran the empire, attending meetings of the Divan (cabinet) from behind a curtain, even after 1632, when she was not longer official regent.

Second reign

When her son Ibrahim I succeeded his brother in 1640, he proved too mentally unstable to rule. This enabled Kösem to continue in power. Eventually Ibrahim was deposed and Kösem presented her seven year old grandson Mehmed IV to the divan with the words "Here he is!, see what you can do with him!" Thus, she declared herself official regent for the second time, and ruled openly again between 1648 and 1651.

Death

It was Mehmed's mother Turhan Hatice who proved to be Kösem's nemesis. Turhan ordered Kösem's assassination when she heard that Kösem was said to be plotting Mehmed's removal and replacement by another grandson with a more pliant mother. Kösem was strangled with a curtain by the Chief Black Eunuch of the Harem, Tall Süleyman.

After her death her body was taken from Topkapi to the Old Palace (Eski Sarayı) and then buried in the mausoleum of her husband Ahmad I.[18] Kösem was renowned for her charity work and for freeing her slaves after 3 years of service. When she died the people of Istanbul observed three days of mourning.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. pp. 423–424. ISBN 8126104031. Through her beauty and intelligence, Kosem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmad I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons — Murad, Sulayman, Ibrahim and Kasim — and three daughters — 'A'isha, Fatima and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.
  2. ^ a b c Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick (2007). Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history. I.B.Tauris. p. 23. ISBN 1845115058. Kosem, who was of Bosnian origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I.
  3. ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. pp. 423–424. ISBN 8126104031. Kosem Walide or Kosem Sultan, called Mahpaykar (ca. 1589-1651), wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad I and mother of the sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim I [q.vv.]. She was Bosnian by birth, and achieved power in the first place through the harem, exercising a decisive influence in the state
  4. ^ a b c d Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0313307083, p 195
  5. ^ Bator, Robert, - Rothero, Chris (2000). Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 42. ISBN 0822532174. When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Greek slave Kosem earned this distinction{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Akbar, M. J. (2002). The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 0415284708. His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name.
  7. ^ Westheimer, Ruth Karola, - Kaplan, Steven (2001). Power. University of Virginia: Madison Books. p. 19. ISBN 1568332300. Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kosem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ a b Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan (1993). Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish Historical Society Printing House. p. 61. ISBN 975160544X. Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Sultana Kosem (Anastasia), of Greek origin, who was the wife of Ahmet I (1603-17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623-40), and of Ibrahim I (1640-8)
  9. ^ al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin  ; Crane, Howard (2000). The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul. Brill. p. 21. ISBN 9004112421. Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589-1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1980). Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage. p. 239. OCLC 311403844. Valide Sultan (who was of Greek origin)
  11. ^ [1]
  12. ^ E. van Donzel, Islamic Desk Reference: Compiled from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers, p 219
  13. ^ Robert Bator, Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul, Runestone Press, p 42
  14. ^ Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1954). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 597. ISBN 9004070265. Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585-1651)
  15. ^ a b Davis, Fanny (1970). The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. Scribner. pp. 227–228. OCLC 636864790. Kosem was a Greek, said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her capture, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mahpeyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem
  16. ^ a b Hogan, Christine (2006). The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World. Macmillan Publishers Aus. p. 74. ISBN 1405037016, 9781405037013. Kosem was born on the Greek island of Tinos, where she was Anastasia, the daughter of a Greek Orthodox priest. Captured by slavers, she was sent to Constantinople by Bosna beylerbeyi {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  17. ^ a b Freely, John (1996). Istanbul: the imperial city. Viking. p. 215. ISBN 0140244611. Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem
  18. ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. p. 425. ISBN 8126104031. Kosem Walide…Her body was taken from Topkapi to the Eski Saray and then buried in the mausoleum of her husband Ahmad I.
Preceded by Valide Sultan
1623–1648 		Succeeded by

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