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==Career==
==Career==
===Early career===
===Early career===
After leaving UCLA in the late 1990s, Kavanaugh started a small short-lived [[venture capital]] firm.<ref name="VAN" /> Kavanaugh's uncle connected the family with [[Jon Peters]], and Kavanaugh and his father leveraged the producer's [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] connections to raise an estimated US$175 million in investment funds for the younger Kavanaugh's company. In 2000, investors began asking for their funds to be returned, but Kavanaugh became difficult to reach. When over 100 shareholders met to discuss their investments, Kavanaugh's parents attended, but he did not. At least eight investors sued Kavanaugh alleging [[fraud]], and the suits were settled out of court,<ref name="epicfail"/> including a potential $5 million lawsuit from Jon Peters. Michael Sitrick, a Los Angeles executive who invested $6.2 million in Kavanaugh's company on the express condition the funds would only be invested in [[Public company|publicly-traded companies]], sued him for [[negligence]] after learning the funds were invested in [[Privately held company|private companies]] instead. An arbitrator found that Kavanaugh was "clearly negligent", and Sitrick won a $7.7 million arbitration judgment against Kavanaugh. He never received payment because Kavanaugh successfully [[Argumentation theory#Legal argumentation|argued]] that he was virtually penniless and his business on the verge of bankruptcy at the time of the judgment.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lang|first=Brent|title=Sitrick Cannot Collect $7.7M From Kavanaugh, Court Rules (Updated)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/court-rules-sitrick-cannot-collect-7m-kavanaugh-19301/|access-date=December 31, 2021|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=July 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231124031/https://www.thewrap.com/court-rules-sitrick-cannot-collect-7m-kavanaugh-19301/|archive-date=December 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|title=PR guru fails in effort to collect $7.7 million|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-feb-23-fi-sitrick23-story.html|url-access=limited|access-date=December 31, 2021|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231124031/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-feb-23-fi-sitrick23-story.html|archive-date=December 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
After leaving UCLA in the late 1990s, Kavanaugh started a small short-lived [[venture capital]] firm.<ref name="VAN" /> Kavanaugh's uncle connected the family with [[Jon Peters]], and Kavanaugh and his father leveraged the producer's [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] connections to raise an estimated US$175 million in investment funds for the younger Kavanaugh's company. Several investors sued Kavanaugh alleging [[fraud]], and the suits were settled out of court,<ref name="epicfail"/> including a potential $5 million lawsuit from Jon Peters. Michael Sitrick, a Los Angeles executive who invested $6.2 million in Kavanaugh's company on the express condition the funds would only be invested in [[Public company|publicly-traded companies]], sued him for [[negligence]] after learning the funds were invested in [[Privately held company|private companies]] instead. An arbitrator found that Kavanaugh was "clearly negligent", and Sitrick won a $7.7 million arbitration judgment against Kavanaugh. He never received payment because Kavanaugh successfully [[Argumentation theory#Legal argumentation|argued]] that he was virtually penniless and his business on the verge of bankruptcy at the time of the judgment.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lang|first=Brent|title=Sitrick Cannot Collect $7.7M From Kavanaugh, Court Rules (Updated)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/court-rules-sitrick-cannot-collect-7m-kavanaugh-19301/|access-date=December 31, 2021|work=[[TheWrap]]|date=July 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231124031/https://www.thewrap.com/court-rules-sitrick-cannot-collect-7m-kavanaugh-19301/|archive-date=December 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hiltzik|first=Michael|title=PR guru fails in effort to collect $7.7 million|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-feb-23-fi-sitrick23-story.html|url-access=limited|access-date=December 31, 2021|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231124031/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-feb-23-fi-sitrick23-story.html|archive-date=December 31, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Relativity Media===
===Relativity Media===

Revision as of 22:27, 2 February 2022

Not to be confused with the Canadian ice hockey player Ryan Kavanagh or the Australian cyclist Ryan Cavanagh.

Ryan Kavanaugh
Kavanaugh in 2014
Born1974 or 1975 (age 49–50)
Los Angeles, California, US
EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles
OccupationFilm financier
Known forCo-founder and former CEO of Relativity Media
Spouse(s)
Britta Lazenga
​
​
(m. 2011, divorced)​

Jessica Roffey
​
(m. 2015)​
Children2

Ryan Kavanaugh (born 1974 or 1975[a]) is an American film financier. He co-founded and served as CEO of Relativity Media, where he brokered deals between Wall Street investors and major film studios. He credited his risk assessment algorithm with Relativity Media's initial success. After Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy, he stepped down as CEO and faced several lawsuits regarding his management. He later founded Proxima Media, which acquired a controlling stake in Triller.

Early life

Kavanaugh was born to a Jewish family[3][4] in Los Angeles, California, where he was raised in the Brentwood neighborhood and attended Brentwood High School. His mother is a real estate broker and his father a dentist turned businessman, born in Germany. His father changed his surname to "Kavanaugh" before his son's birth.[1][5] Kavanaugh began purchasing stock shares when he was six years old.[6]

Kavanaugh attended UC Santa Barbara and UCLA but dropped out in 1996.[7][8] In 2012, Kavanaugh threatened The New Yorker with legal action for its reporting on him, including its report that he dropped out of university. Kavanaugh claimed to have officially graduated from UCLA and to be enrolled in a PhD program at USC. The New Yorker stood by its reporting.[9] Subsequent sources report Kavanaugh finished his degree in 2012.[6][10] The Wall Street Journal reported that there was no record of him taking classes at USC.[11]

Career

Early career

After leaving UCLA in the late 1990s, Kavanaugh started a small short-lived venture capital firm.[5] Kavanaugh's uncle connected the family with Jon Peters, and Kavanaugh and his father leveraged the producer's Hollywood connections to raise an estimated US$175 million in investment funds for the younger Kavanaugh's company. Several investors sued Kavanaugh alleging fraud, and the suits were settled out of court,[10] including a potential $5 million lawsuit from Jon Peters. Michael Sitrick, a Los Angeles executive who invested $6.2 million in Kavanaugh's company on the express condition the funds would only be invested in publicly-traded companies, sued him for negligence after learning the funds were invested in private companies instead. An arbitrator found that Kavanaugh was "clearly negligent", and Sitrick won a $7.7 million arbitration judgment against Kavanaugh. He never received payment because Kavanaugh successfully argued that he was virtually penniless and his business on the verge of bankruptcy at the time of the judgment.[12][13]

Relativity Media

Further information: Relativity Media

Kavanaugh co-founded Relativity Media in 2003[7] or 2004[14] with entertainment executive Lynwood Spinks. Spinks had a relationship with Warner Bros. that opened an opportunity for Kavanaugh to broker a deal between the film studio and a hedge fund that would finance Warner Bros. films. As the broker, Relativity Media would then receive a commission for each Warner Bros. film funded by the hedge fund. During the early 2000s, Wall Street investors, who were described as "awash in cash", were looking for investment opportunities outside of the stock market.[1][7] Relativity Media took advantage of the ready investment funds to broker deals that channeled Wall Street funds to studios, including Universal Pictures, Marvel Entertainment, and Sony Pictures. For each film financed through their deals, Relativity Media received fees ranging from $500,000[7] to $1 million each.[11][15] In addition to brokerage fees, Kavanaugh also insisted on being credited in each film as an executive producer, giving Relativity Media the aura of a film production company and allowing him to be reputed as a producer.[1][5]

At Relativity Media, Kavanaugh created a Monte Carlo method that used certain variables to predict the odds of a given film being commercially successful.[16] Kavanaugh held Albert Einstein as his hero and would scribble long equations on whiteboards at investor meetings.[7] Although Kavanaugh frequently cited the model's accuracy rate to be 85%, a source close to Elliott Management, one of the company's principal and earliest lenders, estimated it to be much lower.[17] Some investment banks and industry executives have also cast doubt on the model's efficacy.[5][10]

In 2010, Kavanaugh raised investor funds for Relativity Media to launch its own studio,[15] producing movies vetted by Kavanaugh's algorithm. Though Relativity Media executives internally disagreed with his estimations, Kavanaugh publicized increasingly large claims about Relativity Media's valuation, lumping third-party investment deals and optimistic projections into current revenue.[10] In trade press, where Kavanaugh advertised heavily, he was lionized for the high-value deals,[7][18] garnering a reputation for successfully bridging Wall Street investment with the otherwise risk-prone film production industry.[11] By 2009, three quarters of the films produced by Sony and Universal Pictures had utilized Kavanaugh's financing.[16]

In May 2011, following attempts from Elliott Associates to rein in Kavanaugh's management,[19] Kavanaugh went public with claims he would be buying out the hedge fund's stake in order to re-take charge of Relativity Media.[20][21] Elliott Associates, which had invested hundreds of millions of dollars into the company, primarily to fund a Universal Pictures deal,[22] denied Kavanaugh's reports they would sell to him.[20] Kavanaugh's executive producer fees were a motivating factor in Elliott Management's subsequent move to take over the Universal Pictures deal. After Relativity Media ceded their part in the deal, Elliott Associates significantly dropped their stake, claiming that only a single-digit investment in Kavanaugh's company remained.[22]

In November 2011, when Relativity Media was desperately short on funds, investor Ron Burkle arranged a series of loans to Kavanaugh's company in exchange for an interest in the company.[23] Industry speculation surfaced that Burkle would oust Kavanaugh from Relativity Media in favor of his friend Harvey Weinstein, but Burkle and Weinstein both disclaimed the scenario.[7] Relativity Media executives became increasingly doubtful as the company's financial health declined and Kavanaugh's valuations kept increasing. Kavanaugh claimed dubious valuations and presented "adjusted EBITDA" numbers to investors, which included projections based on films the company had relinquished to Elliott Management.[10] Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy in July 2015.[24] As a result, Netflix sought to end a distribution deal with Relativity Media, and Kavanaugh responded by sending threatening emails to Ted Sarandos, co-CEO of Netflix.[25]

Shortly after the bankruptcy filing,[26] RKA Film Financing, then one of its lenders, sued the company for misspending its marketing funds, called Kavanaugh a "con man", and alleged he was operating a "scheme to defraud investors". They also alleged Kavanaugh used their invested funds for personal expenses. Relativity Media denied the money was diverted, saying RKA Film Financing understood the money would go into a general corporate account. Relativity Media countersued for $200 million.[6] Kavanaugh and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss, arguing RKA Film Financing failed to state a claim, and the suit was dismissed with prejudice.[27][28]

Relativity Media's operations and reorganization remained under the supervision of a bankruptcy court until March 2016.[29] Kavanaugh eventually stepped down as CEO at the end of 2016 but held onto a majority equity of Relativity Media.[30]

In May 2018, Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy again and arranged to sell all of its assets.[30][31] The United States Trustee's office argued the bankruptcy seemed to benefit Kavanaugh and the new buyer UltraV Holdings at the expense of Relativity Media's creditors. Their filing uncovered that Relativity Media may have paid Kavanaugh $2.6 million between April and November 2016 while the company remained delinquent on payments owed for the first bankruptcy case. The Trustee's office questioned the legitimacy of Relativity Media's sale to UltraV Holdings, saying the sale may have been an arm's length transaction since Kavanaugh continued to have extensive access at the company although the bankruptcy filing stated he had already left.[30][32] UltraV Holdings quickly rehired Kavanaugh as a consultant for Relativity Media earning $10,000 per month.[30][33]

In 2018, hedge fund investor Carey Metz filed a lawsuit stating Kavanaugh defrauded him by conning him into making an initial $10 million investment in Relativity Media in 2013. Metz's suit was an amended complaint from his initial suit alleging Kavanaugh duped him into making an additional $2.5 million investment as Relativity Media verged on bankruptcy in 2015. The first suit had been dismissed by a New York bankruptcy judge who determined a release in the bankruptcy reorganization plan barred Metz's cause of action.[34][35][36]

In June 2018, an arbitration case found that Relativity Media executives had fabricated a memo accusing Relativity Media's former co-president Adam Fields of sexual harassment. A forensic audit of Relativity Media found the memo had been generated by a user named "kav kav".[37][38] Relativity Media submitted the falsified memo to court two weeks before Fields's wrongful termination suit against Kavanaugh was set to be tried.[39][40] Fields's lawsuit was alleging Kavanaugh had misrepresented Relativity Media's financial prospects, wrongfully fired Fields four months into his four-year contract, and used Relativity Media office space to produce pornography without the co-president's knowledge or authorization.[41][42] A Los Angeles arbitration judge awarded Fields $8.4 million in damages and found that Kavanaugh "must be" one of the people who forged the sexual harassment memo.[37][39]

Proxima Media

In 2017, Kavanaugh launched film production[43] company Proxima Media.[44] In 2019, Kavanaugh announced a prospective partnership which would provide $250 million to Proxima Media for film production.[43] However, the potential Hong Kong partner announced the deal differently, saying that Proxima Media would pay $100 million for a stake in their production company. Film industry peers and The Hollywood Reporter cast doubt on Kavanaugh's version of the announcement, citing the escalating trade war between the US and China and the unhealthy financial situation of the Hong Kong production company.[45]

After unsuccessfully attempting to acquire the Hollywood Stock Exchange (HSX) in February 2019, Kavanaugh set out to create a similar trading exchange.[46] In May 2019, Kavanaugh announced Proxima Media's new cryptocurrency, whose holders would also have stake in the new trading exchange. The trading platform was supposed to launch by the end of that year and would use funds from small-scale investors to collectively finance film slates.[47] Kavanaugh was confident Regulation A of the Jobs Act would allow his platform to operate legally, but securities experts said the project's inherent risks might increase scrutiny from the SEC.[48][49] He tapped Elon Spar, who formerly worked for Cantor Fitzgerald, the owner of HSX, to help him develop the company. The two subsequently formed Entertainment Stock X (ESX) with Spar as CEO.[46][50]

In June 2019, Spar initiated a lawsuit against Kavanaugh for fraud. He argued Kavanaugh persuaded him to go into business under false pretenses. According to the suit, Kavanaugh had claimed hundreds of millions of dollars in capital, but Spar discovered the company had virtually none. Spar further accused Kavanaugh of running a Ponzi scheme at ESX by redirecting investors' funds to pay old debts, manipulating corporate records to conceal his fraud, as well as diverting corporate funds for his own personal use rather than paying employees and contractors. Kavanaugh submitted a counterclaim alleging Spar was breaching his contract with ESX. After settling outside of court, Kavanaugh and Spar withdrew their complaints before the court filing process completed.[44] Spar then released a public statement saying his earlier characterization of the company was inaccurate.[46][50][51]

In 2019, Proxima Media acquired a majority stake in the video-sharing platform Triller, coinciding with the Trump administration's announcement that it intended to ban its more popular Chinese competitor TikTok in the US.[52] Kavanaugh subsequently co-founded Triller Fight Club, a subsidiary focusing on pay-per-view boxing events.[53] In 2020, he was named in a lawsuit alleging unauthorized and unlawful use of a patented symbol in Triller Fight Club's marketing.[54][55]

Films produced

See also: List of Relativity Media films

As of 2012, Kavanaugh has been involved to some capacity in either production or financing for over 200 films,[56] including The Fighter, Limitless, Hancock, Mamma Mia!, The Social Network, Salt, and Cowboys & Aliens.[1] Kavanaugh was denied the producing credit for the Academy Award nomination of the film The Fighter since the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences only allows up to three producers to be submitted for Academy Award consideration.[57] Kavanaugh unsuccessfully appealed the Academy's decision.[58] Despite creating and using an algorithm likened to a moneyball approach,[44] Kavanaugh turned down a chance to invest in the movie Moneyball, citing his model's prediction that sports movies are often commercial failures. The film went on to become a commercial success.[56]

Philanthropy

According to former Relativity Media executives, Kavanaugh often pledged large charitable gifts and then billed them to the company. In 2007, Kavanaugh presented Habitat for Humanity with an oversized check pledging $1 million and announced he would become a fund-raising chair for the charity.[10] However, as of 2015, Kavanaugh had not yet donated the promised funds.[59] In 2010, the Board of Governors at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center awarded Kavanaugh its Hollywood Humanitarian Award.[60] In 2011, he received the Anti-Defamation League's Distinguished Entertainment Industry Award.[60][61] Kavanaugh served as chairman of the board of The Art of Elysium from 2009 until 2015.[62]

Personal life

In 2011, Kavanaugh married ballet dancer Britta Lazenga.[6][63] In 2015, he married model Jessica Roffey.[64] He has two children.[52] He is a member of the Wilshire Boulevard Temple.[65] According to Forbes, while having been previously featured on their billionaires list in 2013,[52][66] Kavanaugh's net worth fell below $1 billion once Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy in 2015.[67] As of 2020, Kavanaugh had been a regular donor to the Republican Party.[52]

Kavanaugh frequently used a personal helicopter for daily commuting.[15][68][69] The resulting disturbance prompted some of his neighbors to submit complaints to state and local officials. When it was revealed that the hotel Kavanaugh used for landing was legally permitted only for emergency landings, a spokesperson for Kavanaugh expressed his intention to stop landing there.[70]

In 2012, Kavanaugh was targeted by an extensive extortion plot that was mainly aimed at business executives, including Harvey Weinstein. The perpetrator sent a letter to Kavanaugh demanding $11.3 million and threatening the lives of his family members. A day after receiving the letter, actor Vivek Shah, who had been photographed with Kavanaugh at an event in 2011, was arrested on extortion charges and eventually convicted to seven years in prison.[71][72][73]

In 2006, Kavanaugh was arrested after being accused by an officer of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and being involved in a hit-and-run. All but the DUI charge, which was lessened to a wet reckless charge, were dropped. Kavanaugh was ordered to pay a fine, take counseling and alcohol education programs, and was placed on 36 months probation during which he was required to drive sober.[2][5][74] While on probation for his earlier DUI arrest, Kavanaugh was arrested for speeding and drunk driving with a suspended license in 2008. Kavanaugh pled guilty to violating his probation and the other charges were dropped. Kavanaugh began using a driver.[5][75]

In 2013, Kavanaugh was criminally investigated for potentially impeding the manhunt for Christopher Dorner because Kavanaugh had landed his helicopter on a sheriff's helipad during the manhunt. Prior to the investigation, Kavanaugh had declined to support sheriff Lee Baca's bid for reelection, whose sheriff's department launched the investigation.[76][77] The investigation was heavily criticized by Kavanaugh and a spokesperson called it a "politically motivated vendetta".[78] The investigation was later closed after it concluded that Kavanaugh had received prior permission to land there.[79]

Recognition

Kavanaugh was named by Variety as 2011's "Showman of the Year"[1] and placed 22nd on the Fortune 40 Under 40 list in 2011.[80]

Selected filmography

Executive Producer

Year Film
2005 Land of the Dead
2006 All The Kings Men
2006 Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby
2006 Gridiron Gang
2006 RV
2007 The Kingdom
2007 I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry
2007 Catch and Release
2007 3:10 to Yuma
2007 Charlie Wilson's War
2007 Full of It
2008 Made of Honor
2008 Death Race
2008 The Express
2008 All The Kings Men
2008 21
2008 Baby Mama
2008 The Bank Job
2008 The Tale of Despereaux
2008 The Forbidden Kingdom
2009 Zombieland
2009 The Ugly Truth
2009 Love Happens
2009 The Taking of Pelham 123
2009 The International
2009 Duplicity
2009 The Spy Next Door
2009 Nine
2010 Salt
2010 Robin Hood
2010 Sanctum
2010 Little Fockers
2010 The Bounty Hunter
2010 The Wolfman
2010 Charlie St. Cloud
2010 Macgruber
2010 My Soul to Take
2010 Season of the Witch
2011 Cowboys & Aliens
2011 Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer
2011 Shark Night 3D
2011 Haywire
2012 House at the End of the Street
2012 Act of Valor
2013 Paranoia
2013 Oculus
2014 November Man
2014 Brick Mansions
2016 The Space Between Us
2016 The First Monday in May
2016 Desert Dancer
2018 Hunter Killer

Producer

Year Film
2009 A Perfect Getaway
2009 Brothers
2010 Dear John
2010 The Fighter
2011 Immortals
2011 Limitless
2011 Take Me Home Tonight
2012 21 & Over
2012 Mirror Mirror
2013 Movie 43
2013 Malavita
2013 Safe Haven
2013 3 Days to Kill
2014 Beyond the Lights
2014 The Best of Me
2014 Out of the Furnace
2014 Earth to Echo
2018 The Strangers: Prey at Night

Source: "Ryan Kavanaugh: Filmography". British Film Institute. Retrieved February 3, 2022.

Notes

  1. ^ Reliable sources such as Financial Times[1] and The New York Times[2] only mention Kavanaugh's age at a certain point in time, hence the range.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Garrahan, Matthew (July 22, 2011). "Ryan Kavanaugh, would-be king of tinseltown". Financial Times. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; August 28, 2021 suggested (help)
  2. ^ a b Cieply, Michael (May 5, 2008). "Catch and Release? Yes, Says Moneyman". The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
  3. ^ Berrin, Danielle (October 12, 2011). "A fundraising feast for Relativity's Ryan Kavanaugh at ADL's annual entertainment dinner". Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on June 24, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; July 24, 2018 suggested (help)
  4. ^ "Jewish is the new red". Variety. October 15, 2011. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2014. I always get the question — Ryan Kavanaugh, red hair — but I'm here once again to assure you I'm Jewish on both sides ... until my mom admits she had an affair with the milkman or the mailman I will stay Jewish on both sides.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Digiacomo, Frank (February 9, 2010). "The Theory of Relativity". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d Faughnder, Ryan; Fleming, Charles (July 30, 2015). "The mini-mogul behind Relativity Media said he'd change Hollywood, now studio files bankruptcy". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Bruck, Connie (October 1, 2012). "Cashier Du Cinema". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  8. ^ Grover, Ronald (May 11, 2009). "Movie Mogul's Rogue Brand, Hard Rock Hotel Team Up". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022. Kavanaugh, who dropped out of UCLA in 1996 to start a dot-com-era venture capital firm [...].
  9. ^ Block, Alex Ben (October 1, 2012). "Ryan Kavanaugh Lawyer Threatens New Yorker Over 'Egregious' Ron Burkle Profile (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Benjamin Wallace (January 24, 2016). "The Epic Fail of Hollywood's Hottest Algorithm". Vulture. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
  11. ^ a b c Fritz, Ben; Schwartzel, Erich (September 10, 2015). "Movie Finance Whiz Fights to Keep His Role". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  12. ^ Lang, Brent (July 15, 2010). "Sitrick Cannot Collect $7.7M From Kavanaugh, Court Rules (Updated)". TheWrap. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  13. ^ Hiltzik, Michael (February 23, 2008). "PR guru fails in effort to collect $7.7 million". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  14. ^ Faughnder, Ryan (November 4, 2016). "Relativity Media struggles to come back from bankruptcy". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c Rainey, James; Lang, Brent (July 18, 2015). "Relativity in Ruins: Is it Too Late for Ryan Kavanaugh to Save His Studio?". Variety. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  16. ^ a b Jones, Chris (November 19, 2009). "Ryan Kavanaugh Uses Math to Make Movies". Esquire. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  17. ^ Rainey, James (August 3, 2015). "Major Relativity Lender Faces Struggle to Collect $137 Million Loan". Variety. Archived from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  18. ^ Primack, Dan (September 30, 2016). "How Donald Trump's Finance Chief Got Messed Up With 'Masterminds'". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  19. ^ Finke, Nikki (May 12, 2011). "Elliott Finally Reins In Ryan Kavanaugh: Moves Relativity Prez Michael Joe In-House". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  20. ^ a b Finke, Nikki (May 31, 2011). "Ryan Goes off the Rails! Kavanaugh Trying To Sell Elliott's Stake In Relativity When Investment Group Isn't Selling". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  21. ^ Masters, Kim (May 31, 2011). "Will Ryan Kavanaugh's Relativity Media Split from Financial Backers?". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  22. ^ a b Finke, Nikki (June 1, 2011). "UPDATE: Elliott Claims Only "Single Digit" Investment Left In Relativity After Takes Back Kavanaugh's Film Fund With Universal". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  23. ^ Waxman, Sharon (November 27, 2011). "Ryan Kavanaugh's 9 Lives: $200M Loan From Ron Burkle Saves 'Immortals' (Exclusive)". TheWrap. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  24. ^ Patten, Dominic; Fleming, Mike, Jr. (July 30, 2015). "Ryan Kavanaugh's Relativity Media Finally Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Waxman, Sharon (January 30, 2016). "Relativity's Ryan Kavanaugh Threatens Netflix Over 'Sleeze Move' (Exclusive)". TheWrap. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  26. ^ Pedersen, Erik (March 8, 2018). "Relativity's Ryan Kavanaugh Gets Lender's $110M Fraud Lawsuit Dismissed". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  27. ^ Siegemund-Broka, Austin (July 24, 2015). "Relativity's Ryan Kavanaugh, Film Financier Duke It Out In New Lawsuits". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  28. ^ Cullins, Ashley (March 8, 2018). "Ryan Kavanaugh Beats $110M Film Finance Fraud Suit". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  29. ^ Lieberman, David; Busch, Anita (March 18, 2016). "Relativity Media & Ryan Kavanaugh: A Walk Down Memory Lane Of Hype". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d Maddaus, Gene (July 6, 2018). "Ex-Relativity CEO Ryan Kavanaugh Paid Himself $2.6 Million as Company Struggled". Variety. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
  31. ^ Williams, Trey (May 3, 2018). "Relativity Media Files for Chapter 11 Again After Racking Up $500 Million-Plus Debt in 2 Years". TheWrap. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  32. ^ Busch, Anita; Chmielewski, Dawn C. (June 6, 2018). "Ryan Kavanaugh Might Have Been Paid $2.6M As Relativity Circled Drain With Books & Records In "Disarray"". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  33. ^ Hayes, Dade (May 21, 2018). "He's Baaaack! Ryan Kavanaugh Hired As Consultant By Relativity's New Owners". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  34. ^ Maddaus, Gene (June 22, 2018). "Relativity Media Investor Claims $12.5 Million Fraud". Variety. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  35. ^ Gardner, Eriq (April 11, 2018). "Ryan Kavanaugh Is Lampooned as Relativity Investor Seeks to Keep Fraud Lawsuit Alive". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
  36. ^ Busch, Anita; Pedersen, Erik (August 17, 2017). "Ryan Kavanaugh Sued For Fraud By Relativity Investor". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  37. ^ a b Busch, Anita (June 4, 2018). "Relativity Fabricated Memo Claiming Sexual Harassment Against Former Co-President Adam Fields, Judge Awards $8.4M". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  38. ^ Lopez, Ricardo (June 4, 2018). "Relativity Media Fabricated Memo Containing Claims of Sexual Harassment by Former Co-President Adam Fields". Variety. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  39. ^ a b Donnelly, Matt (June 4, 2018). "Relativity Fabricated Sexual Harassment Accusations Against Former Executive, Judge Says". TheWrap. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
  40. ^ Shepherd, Jack (June 5, 2018). "Major film studio Relativity Media forged #metoo memo accusing co-president of sexual harassment, judge finds". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
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