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===False reports of discovery===
===False reports of discovery===
{{wikinews|Indonesian passenger plane crashes in mountains}}
{{wikinews|Indonesian passenger plane crashes in mountains}}
Initial reports indicated that the plane had been located in the mountainous region of Sulawesi, which led to the mobilization of an [[Military of Indonesia|Indonesian Air Force]] plane carrying hundreds of [[search and rescue]] personnel. The commander of the Hasanuddin Air Base at Makassar, First Air Marshall Eddy Suyanto, confirmed the report through a local radio station: "The plane is in ruins. We are sending teams to the location. The plane was found around {{convert|20|km|mi|0|lk=on}} from [[Polewali]] town in the mountains. The weather is clear." The report also indicated that there were 12 survivors and 90 dead.<ref name="Wreckage" />
Initial reports indicated that the plane had been located in the mountainous region of Sulawesi around {{convert|20|km|mi|0|lk=on}} from [[Polewali]] town and that there were 12 survivors. This led to the mobilization of an [[Military of Indonesia|Indonesian Air Force]] plane carrying hundreds of [[search and rescue]] personnel.<ref name="Wreckage" /> However the team found no sign of aircraft wreckage at the reported crash site.<ref name="Channelnewsasia">{{cite news|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]]| url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250293/1/.html| title=Rescuers have not found Indonesia plane wreck: military| accessdate = 2007-01-02}}</ref> On [[January 2]], [[2007]], the Indonesian transport minister confirmed that the plane had not yet been found and reports to the contrary were based on false rumors from local villagers passed on to local officers.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6224747.stm| title=Confusion mounts over Java plane| accessdate = 2007-01-02}}</ref> It later turned out that the 12 reported survivors were actually from the [[MV Senopati Nusantara|MV ''Senopati Nusantara'']], which had sunk two days earlier during the same storm.<ref name="desastres">[http://www.desastres.org/noticias.asp?id=29012007-12 Black Box from Missing Indonesian Plane May Have Been Found] - Desatres.org - Obtained [[January 29]] [[2007]].</ref>

After the team reached the reported crash site, they found no sign of aircraft wreckage,<ref name="Channelnewsasia">{{cite news|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]]| url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/250293/1/.html| title=Rescuers have not found Indonesia plane wreck: military| accessdate = 2007-01-02}}</ref> and subsequently on [[2 January]] [[2007]], the Indonesian transport minister, [[Hatta Rajasa]], said the plane had not yet been found and reports to the contrary were based on false rumors from local villagers passed on to local officers.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/6224747.stm| title=Confusion mounts over Java plane| accessdate = 2007-01-02}}</ref> First Air Marshall Eddy Suyanto apologized for the misinformation: "The location has not been found. We apologize that the news that we conveyed was not true."<ref name="Daily Mail">{{cite news|publisher=Daily Mail| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=425955&in_page_id=1770&ito=1490| title=Embarrassed officials reveal missing Indonesian plane wasn't found| accessdate = 2007-01-02}}</ref> It later turned out that the survivors were actually the last 12 survivors from the [[MV Senopati Nusantara|MV ''Senopati Nusantara'']], which sank two days earlier during the same storm.<ref name="desastres">[http://www.desastres.org/noticias.asp?id=29012007-12 Black Box from Missing Indonesian Plane May Have Been Found] - Desatres.org - Obtained [[January 29]] [[2007]].</ref>


===Continued efforts===
===Continued efforts===

Revision as of 05:41, 30 August 2007

Adam Air Flight 574
Flight Route
Occurrence
DateJanuary 1 2007
SummaryUnexplained accident
SiteMakassar Strait off Majene, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Black boxes at 03°41′02″S 118°08′53″E / 3.68389°S 118.14806°E / -3.68389; 118.14806 and 03°40′22″S 118°09′16″E / 3.67278°S 118.15444°E / -3.67278; 118.15444
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-400
OperatorAdam Air
RegistrationPK-KKW
Flight originJuanda International Airport
DestinationSam Ratulangi Airport
Passengers96
Crew6
Fatalities102
Survivors0

Adam Air Flight 574 (KI-574) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight between Surabaya (SUB) and Manado (MDC) in Indonesia[1] which disappeared near Polewali in Sulawesi on January 1, 2007.[2] The plane was ultimatly determined to have crashed into the ocean, from which some smaller pieces of wreckage have been recovered. The flight recorders ("black boxes") were retrieved from the ocean on August 28, 2007, while salvage efforts for some larger pieces of wreckage are continueing. All 102 people on board a missing, presumed dead.

Aircraft

File:Adam air.jpg
Adam Air's PK-KKH Boeing 737-400. The missing plane is similar to the one shown except it has not been painted orange.

The aircraft, a Boeing 737-400, registration PK-KKW, was manufactured in 1990[3] and had flown with eight airlines, including Adam Air.[4] The plane had 45,371 flying hours and was last evaluated and declared airworthy by the Indonesian transport ministry on 25 December 2005.[5] It was due to be checked again in late January 2007.[5] The Surabaya airport duty manager said that there were no technical problems with the aircraft prior to departure.[6]

Flight chronology

On January 1 2007, at 12:55 local time (05:55 UTC), the plane departed from Juanda Airport, Surabaya, with 96 passengers (85 adults, 7 children and 4 infants)[7] and six crew on board.[1] The passenger list was composed mainly of Indonesian nationals; the only foreigners were an American family of three.[8][9] The two-hour flight, scheduled to arrive at Sam Ratulangi Airport, Manado, at 16:00 local time,[note 1] was as expected until the plane disappeared from air traffic control radar screens at Makassar, South Sulawesi, with the last contact at 14:53 local time (06:53 UTC). The last known beacon position was detected by a Singaporean satellite.[7] The altitude of the plane was shown as 35,000 feet (10,670 m) on the radar screen.[10]

Map showing location of Sulawesi Island (light green) among the islands of Indonesia.

Weather in the region was stormy;[11] the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics noted that the cloud thickness was up to 30,000 feet (9,140 m) in height and wind speed at an average of 30 knots ([convert: unknown unit]) in the area.[12] Although the Juanda Airport operator, PT Angkasa Pura I, had given warnings to the pilot concerning the weather condition, the plane had departed on schedule.[13] The plane ran into crosswinds of more than 70 knots ([convert: unknown unit]) over the Makassar Strait where it changed course eastward toward land and then lost contact.[14] In his last radio transmission, the pilot reported the crosswinds to be coming from the left, but air traffic control claimed that the winds should be coming from the right. It is not yet known if this is significant to the accident, but it may indicate navigational error, or an emergency turn-around of the aircraft.[15]

Contrary to early reports, no calls for help were sent by the aircraft. It might have been simply because the cockpit crew were too busy trying to cope with an emergency.[16][17]

Search and rescue efforts

False reports of discovery

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Initial reports indicated that the plane had been located in the mountainous region of Sulawesi around 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Polewali town and that there were 12 survivors. This led to the mobilization of an Indonesian Air Force plane carrying hundreds of search and rescue personnel.[2] However the team found no sign of aircraft wreckage at the reported crash site.[18] On January 2, 2007, the Indonesian transport minister confirmed that the plane had not yet been found and reports to the contrary were based on false rumors from local villagers passed on to local officers.[19] It later turned out that the 12 reported survivors were actually from the MV Senopati Nusantara, which had sunk two days earlier during the same storm.[20]

Continued efforts

A search and rescue team 3,600 members strong was mobilised.[21] One Boeing 737-200 Surveiller (a military surveillance plane), two infrared-equipped Fokker-50 aircraft from the Republic of Singapore Air Force,[22][23] a Navy Nomad plane and six helicopters were amongst many vehicles dispatched to aid searching for the missing plane from the air.[24][21] Indonesian sonar-equipped military aircraft and ships capable of detecting underwater metallic objects later joined the team, equipped with two mini remote-controlled submarines.[25][26] These searched the sea for five days between January 3 and January 8, without success.[27]

Naval ships combed the Makassar Strait while military personnel went through jungles and mountains of Sulawesi.[28] In the face of heavy rain and strong winds in the area, the search efforts, coordinated from Makassar city, were focused in the area between the coastal town of Majene and the mountainous region of Toraja.[28] The search in the two areas was due to twin signals, each carrying different emergency locator transmitter frequencies, received by the Singaporean satellite and an Indonesian military air base.[29] The two separate locations produced on radar screens were a spot on the sea in Majene and on land in Rantepao, Tana Toraja.[30][note 2] Searches were then expanded throughout the Island of Sulawesi; some were triggered by unknown distress signals received by a commercial Lion Air flight and an airport.[31]A police officer at the Barru district police operational centre said that all the districts with stretches of coastline along the Makasser Strait had teams searching for the plane.[32]

There were fears that the plane's tracking equipment and emergency locator beacon could have been damaged after the crash or weakened by interference, and that this would hamper the search.[33] The head of the National Search and Rescue Agency told the Associated Press that he believed the aircraft was probably lost at sea.[33] From 5 January 2007, the main focus of the search was relocated to areas south of Manado, after Manado's Sam Ratulangi Airport reported detecting a signal from the plane a day before.[34] However, the rugged terrain coupled with thick and low hanging clouds continued to hamper the search efforts, and three relatives of missing passengers who overflew part of the area on a military reconnaissance plane admitted that the chances of finding the plane were slim.[35] Officials said that it was unlikely any bodies have survived in one piece.[36] On January 14, at Indonesia's request, Singapore sent four towed underwater locator beacon detectors, sometimes called 'Towed Pinger Locators', and six consultants in their use to aid in the search.[37][38][39] These successfully located the black boxes. On January 24, the British ship MN Endeavour joined the search. The ship is operated by local mining firm PT Gema Tera Mustikawati and is usually used by oil and gas drilling companies to map the seabed.[40] By January 24, the Indonesian government had spent an average of Rp 1 billion (about U.S.$110,000) a day on the search.[41]

On February 10, search operations were officially halted by the Search and Rescue Agency, according to Transportation Minister Hatta Rajasa, finalizing the legal status of both the plane and its passengers and crew. This announcement allowed the families of the victims to start the insurance claims process.[42]

Discovery of wreckage

Unidentified submerged objects

On Monday, 8 January, three large metal objects, suspected to be wreckage, were detected by the Indonesian ship KRI Fatahillah's sonar.[43][44] First Admiral Gatot Subyanto of the Indonesian Navy indicated three locations, between 3–6 km (2–4 miles) apart, off Mamuju city on Sulawesi's western coast. Due to limitations of the navy's sonar equipment, it was not clear what the metal was,[43] and Indonesia had no other equipment of its own.[45] A U.S. Navy ship, USNS Mary Sears, arrived in the area on January 9 with better equipment to help identify the objects, and on the same date a Canadian jet with five separate air crews, working in shifts, was sent to aid with aerial mapping of the suspected location.[46] The Indonesian Marine and Fishery Department has since suggested that the metal objects could instead be instruments deployed to study the underwater sea current.[44] A total of twelve Indonesian Navy ships were deployed in the area, including the KRI Ajak, KRI Leuser and KRI Nala.[47][37] Extra underwater equipment, including a metal detector and an undersea camera, was sent from the U.S., and arrived aboard the USNS Mary Sears on January 17.[47][48] The black boxes were since located elsewhere, in the waters in an area known as Majene, and a wide, sweeping search of the area revealed high amounts of scattered debris there, too. This debris was analyzed to confirm it belongs to the 737.[49]

Floating debris

The aircraft's right horizontal stabilizer was found by a fisherman, south of Pare Pare, about 300 metres (984 ft) off the beach on January 11,[50] although it was not originally handed in as its discoverer thought it to be a piece of plywood, only later realizing it was a piece of the tail.[51] This was confirmed by the serial number on the stabilizer, 65 C 25746 76, which matches that of components on the missing 737.[52][53] The fisherman received a reward of 50 million rupiah (equivalent to about $5,500) for his discovery.[51] Later, other parts of the aircraft, including passenger seats, life jackets, a food tray, part of an aircraft tire, eight pieces of aluminum and fiber, an ID card, a flare and a headrest have also been recovered from the area.[44][54][55] By January 13, a piece of a wing was also recovered.[47] It is unclear whether the 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long section is a section of the right wing or the left wing, although it was examined in an attempt to discover this.[51] The total count of recovered objects associated with aircraft, as of January 29, was 206, of which 194 were definitely from the 737.[56] On January 15, an unidentified fuel spill was spotted by the Singaporean reconnaissance aircraft along the western coast of Sulawesi,[32] but by the time a ship arrived to attempt to determine whether the spill came from the aircraft it had been moved by strong currents.[57] Although it was searched for, it was not relocated. Pieces of clothing thought to belong to passengers were also recovered.[51]

Human remains

The same day as the stabilizer was found, the body of an Asian woman was recovered from the sea nearby.[44] Metro TV showed an uncensored scene of a floating body in the port of Pare Pare, South Sulawesi. A doctor has said that the condition the body was in indicated that it had most likely only been in the sea for five days.[58] Later news suggests the woman was not one of the passengers, but a local inhabitant who had left home for several days.[59]

On January 15, pieces of human hair and what is thought to be human scalp were recovered from a headrest that had been pulled from the sea.[57] They were DNA tested to attempt to identify them; the results of this test are, however, unknown.[51]

Black boxes

Wikinews has related news:

On January 21, the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR), colloquially called black boxes, were located off the coast of West Sulawesi by the U.S. vessel Mary Sears.[60] The flight data recorder was located at 03°41′02″S 118°08′53″E / 3.68389°S 118.14806°E / -3.68389; 118.14806 at a depth of 2,000 metres (6,561.7 ft), while the cockpit voice recorder was located at 03°40′22″S 118°09′16″E / 3.67278°S 118.15444°E / -3.67278; 118.15444 at a depth of 1,900 metres (6,233.6 ft).[61] These positions indicate the black boxes are located approximately 1.4 km (0.9 mi) apart. The Indonesian vessel Fatahillah travelled to the location, while Mary Sears traveled to Singapore, arriving on January 29 to return the detector equipment used to locate the devices.[60] It did not travel immediately to Singapore because it was mapping the immediate area. The Mary Sears used its side scan sonar (SSS) unit to map an area of approximately 10.3 km2 (3.0 sq nmi) around the recorders in high resolution, an operation which required 18 passes across the area at approximately 3 kn ([convert: unknown unit]), taking six hours per pass including lining up for the next pass. It discovered a large amount of wreckage in the area, which is now considered to be all that remains of the aircraft.[60] A senior Indonesian marine official said he doesn't believe the equipment which is necessary to retrieve the boxes from that depth is available in any Asian country.[62] The black boxes had a battery life of just 30 days, and were subsequently unable to emit locator signals.[39]

On February 3, Indonesian Naval vessel KRI Tanjung Dalpele took affected families out to the crash site where a memorial service was held, which included throwing flowers into the sea.[63]

Salvage

Template:Wikinewspar3 On January 26, a dispute arose between Adam Air and the Indonesian government regarding the retrieval of the black boxes. Due to the depth involved, recovery required an underwater remotely operated vehicle, but due to the cost of using this method of recovery — especially since such equipment required shipped in from elsewhere — the government placed the responsibility for the cost of recovering the recorders on Adam Air. Vice President of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla went as far as to question the need to retrieve the black boxes at all, although experts said in response that the accident was of international significance as it could indicate a fault with the aircraft.[15] Adam Air said that in its opinion, the black boxes should be recovered, describing the accident as being relevant on both national and international levels, but refused to pay, saying that that was the responsibility of the government.[64] Indonesia did request technical assistance from the United States, Japan and France. [65] Jim Hall, a former chairman of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board, has said that it was essential the boxes were recovered quickly, as at that point their 30-day battery life was about to expire, which it subsequently did. "If you lose the signal, you don't have anything to home in on," he said. "At that depth there will likely be visibility problems, currents can move sediment over the box and pieces of wreckage ... you may not be able to recover it at all... The safety of citizens that fly not just in Indonesia but across the globe depends on finding that black box."[15] Setio Rahardjo, Head of National Committee for Transportation Safety, has said that equipment for the salvage operation, if available, will cost $100,000 per day to hire in an operation that will take around ten days, equating to U.S.$1 million.[66]

On January 31 it was reported that the U.S. had to withdraw the vessel Mary Sears from the searches, the U.S. military saying that the vessel had other duties. Further funding and help from the U.S. would have to be approved by the Congress. At the same time external companies were suggested as possible retrievers of the black boxes. Indonesia continued to seek help from other countries, like France and Japan. Setio Rahardjo maintained that Adam Air should be charged with the retrieval costs.[67]

It was originally confirmed that Indonesia would not pay for the salvage operation, neither could they force Adam Air to.[68] On February 15, it was reported that Adam Air had been in contact with two salvage companies, Smit Internationale and Phoenix International, regarding the salvage operation.[69] It was Phoenix who supplied the Mary Sears with the necessary equipment for the search operation.[70] Adam Air received preliminary invoices and continued negotiations with the two companies.[68] However, Adam Air anounced that they did indeed intend to select a company to conduct the operation shortly and would pay for this themselves.[68]

On May 28, Adam Air announced they had signed a contract with Phoenix International, with original plans being for the recovery to occur in June, according to Aero News.[71] On August 23, the Eas arrived in Sulawesi's Makassar port to begin salvage operations, which will began with several days survey. The vessel was carrying a mini submarine that can dive up to 6,000 metres (20,000 ft), and is equiped with sonar and deep sea cameras.[72][73]

A Phoenix International underwater robot scouring the sea off Majene for on Sulawesi finally retrieved the Flight Data Recorder on August 27 and Cockpit Voice Recorder on August 28. The two devices were found at a depth of around 2,000 metres (6,500 ft) and were 1,400 metres apart, said Tatang Kurniadi, chief of the Indonesian Transport Safety Commission. The black boxes will be sent to Washington for analysis, which could take months, or even fail due to data destruction caused by the long submersion.[74][75] The final cost of the salvage operation to retrieve the black boxes was US$3 million,[76] of which two million was contributed by the Indonesian government, with Adam Air paying for the rest.[77] Efforts are now continueing with the hope of recovering various large pieces of wreckage from the seabed.[78]

Investigation

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered a full investigation to discover the cause of the aircraft's disappearance, including the cause of any accident it may have had, before the main debris field had even been found. The investigation will also look at the airworthiness of the plane and standard procedure on airplane operations.[79] A team from the United States with representatives from the National Transportation Safety Board, the Federal Aviation Administration, Boeing and General Electric are currently in Indonesia and will assist the Indonesian National Committee for Transportation in the investigation.[80][81] Patrick Smith, a U.S.-based airline pilot and aviation commentator, has said that "Whatever happened to the plane, it was likely rapid and catastrophic," and said that an on-board explosion or metal fatigue-induced structural failure were the most likely causes of the accident.[81] There will also be a wider investigation into Indonesia's transport system as a whole.[44] Eyewitnesses have reported seeing a low-flying, unstable aircraft in the area that the wreckage has been recovered from, but lost sight of it after hearing a loud bang.[54] The chief of the Indonesian Plane Technicians group, Wahyu Supriantono, said that the plane was unlikely to have suffered an in-flight break up or explosion as the debris field would have been larger, and as a result, wreckage would have been discovered earlier.[82] The Indonesian KNKT, responsible for the investigation, said that even if the flight recorders are not retrieved they still intended to publish a final report complete with a probable cause, saying they had other "facts and findings" that provide enough information to do so.[68]

Maintenance concerns

Investigators quickly became concerned about apparent poor maintenance and believe it may play an important factor in the accident.

Adam Air as a whole

Main article: Adam Air

The safety record of Adam Air has been heavily criticized. Adam Air has reportedly bribed pilots to fly planes they knew were unsafe.[83] Pilots have reported repeated and deliberate breaches of international safety regulations, and aircraft being flown in non-airworthy states for months at a time. They claim that there have been such incidents as requests to sign documents to allow an aircraft to fly, while not having the authority to, and while knowing the plane to be unairworthy, flying a plane for several months with a damaged door handle, swapping parts between aircraft to avoid mandatory replacement deadlines, being ordered to fly aircraft after exceeding the take-off limit of five times per pilot per day, flying an aircraft with a damaged window, using spare parts from other aircraft to keep planes in the air and ignorance of pilot's requests not to take off due to unsafe aircraft. The Associated Press quoted one pilot as saying that "Every time you flew, you had to fight with the ground staff and the management about all the regulations you had to violate." They also claimed that if pilots confronted their seniors in the airline, they were grounded or docked pay.[84] [83]

The specific aircraft

Investigators discovered that the aircraft was the subject of a large number of complaints by pilots - called write-ups in the aviation industry. The highest number of complaints concerned the captain's side vertical speed indicator, which informs the air crew what speed the airplane is ascending or descending at. A total of forty-eight complaints were made regarding the instrument in the three months prior to the crash.[85] The aircraft's left right inertial reference system, which informs pilots what direction the aircraft is turning in, was complained about a total of thirty times.[85] This may be of particular significance as it is known the aircraft and Air Traffic Control reported crosswinds hitting the plane from different directions, exposing a possible navigation error. The third most-complained about instrument was a fuel differential light, which received fifteen write-ups.[85] Numerous complaints were also received about inoperative cockpit instrument lights, as well as multiple other malfunctions.[85] Most notably, several complaints were made that the flaps, which modify drag and lift during take-off and landing, were jamming at twenty-five degrees upon landing, and two complaints that the weather radar was faulty.[85] The weather radar fault is particularly important as it would explain why the aircraft flew into a storm, when evasive measures would normally be taken.[85]

Legal action

Adam Air is being sued by Indonesian consumer and labor groups over the accident, for a total of one trillion rupiahs (US$100 million), to be paid to the families of the victims.[86] According to a lawyer for the families, speaking in a press conference along with the secretary for the Adam Air KI-574 Passengers' Families Association, formed in the aftermath of the disaster, 30 of the victim's families intend to sue Boeing over the accident instead of Adam Air. However, this does not necessarily mean that all of the others will sue Adam Air, as they may not necessarily exercise their right to sue at all.[87][88] Representatives of the families have explained that they believe the plane was brought down by a faulty rudder control valve, similarly to the accidents involving SilkAir Flight 185, United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427. They have explained that, as a result, they are suing Boeing and Parker Hannifin, the valve's manufacturer, although airlines using the 737 have been warned about problems with the rudder control valves.[89]

Reaction

Political

Vice President Jusuf Kalla described the disappearance as an "international issue." [90] A few days after the disappearance, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono set up the National Team for Transportation Safety and Security, partially as a response to the high number of recent transportational accidents in Indonesia, and partially as a direct response to the event.[91] The team is tasked to evaluate thoroughly the transport safety procedures and review the existing regulations on transportation.[91] It will not, however, investigate accidents; the entity responsible for this is the Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT), or in English the National Transportation Safety Commission (NTSC), which is part of Departemen Perhubungan (Ministry of Transportation).[92]

Adam Air

Adam Air has been accused by multiple organisations of poor maintenance and of ordering pilots to fly in all weather and regardless of aircraft conditions. Adam Adhitya Suherman, founder of the family-run airline, has personally denied these accusations, and has said that maintenance costs "up 40 percent of our total operational costs".[93] Despite this denial of any responsibility for the crash, Adam Air has compensated the families of deceased passengers Rp 500 million (equivelent to about US$55,000 or €42,000) per passenger. It also compensated families of the flight crew.[94][41]

There has been some call from relatives of the deceased for Adam Air to build a memorial to the victims in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Adam Air said that if an agreement could be reached then they would fulfil the request.[95]

Aftermath

Even though the accident remains under investigation, the Indonesian government announced plans immediately after the accident to ban jets over ten years of age for any commercial purpose.[96] The age limit was previously 35 years or 70,000 landings.[97] Although this is in response to a large number of aircraft accidents, it is mainly in response to this accident and the Flight 172 incident. Indonesia also announced that the Transportation Ministry would be reshuffled in response to this accident, Flight 172 and the loss of the ferries MV Senopati Nusantara and Levina 1. Among those replaced were the directors of air and sea transports and the chairman of the National Committee for Transportation Safety.[98] Indonesia also introduced a new system of ranking airlines according to their safety record, with a level one ranking meaning the airline has no serious issues, a level two ranking meaning the airline must fix problems, and a level three rating forcing the airline to be shut down.[99]

On March 16, 2007, the Indonesian government announced plans to shut down an unspecified Indonesian air carrier.[100] It was announced on March 22 that Adam Air was one of seven airlines that will have their licenses revoked within three months unless they could improve their safety standards.[101] The other six airlines involved were Batavia Air, Jatayu Airlines, Kartika Airlines, Manunggal Air Services, Transwisata Prima Aviation and Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines.[101] The airlines were all targeted as a direct result of the crash, as they were in the third level of the ranking system introduced as a result.[102] All fifty-four of Indonesia's airlines, including state-owned Garuda Indonesia, were told they would need to make some improvements, with none of them receiving a level one ranking.[103]

On April 16, 2007, the American Federal Aviation Administration responded to the results of the new airline survey by downgrading Indonesia’s air safety oversight category from a 1 to a 2 because of "serious concerns" over safety. This means it views Indonesia's civil aviation authority as failing to oversee air carriers in accordance with minimum international standards.[104] As a direct result, the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta issued a warning to all American citizens flying in or out of Indonesia to avoid using Indonesian airlines, and instead use international carriers with better safety reputations.[105]

Flight 172

Main article: Adam Air Flight 172

On February 21 2007, just 51 days after the loss of Flight 574, Flight 172, an Adam Air Boeing 737-300 aircraft (registration PK-KKV) flying from Jakarta to Surabaya had a hard landing at Juanda International Airport. The incident caused the fuselage of the plane to crack and bend in the middle, with the tail of the plane drooping towards the ground. There were no reports of serious injuries from the incident. As a result, six Adam Air 737s were grounded awaiting safety checks. Adam Air described this as "harsh punishment" for an accident it blamed on poor weather conditions, but Vice President Jusuf Kalla had said that all Boeing 737-300s should be checked.[106]

See also

Notes

1 Cities on Java island, including Surabaya, observe one hour difference with cities on Sulawesi islands (UTC+7 and UTC+8 respectively).
2 An aeroplane has two ELTs: one, a portable unit, is located in the cockpit, emits on 121.5 MHz, and is activated by the plane ditching at sea; the other, a fixed ELT near the tail, emits on 406 MHz and is activated by a crash landing.

References

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  2. ^ a b Norton, Jerry (2007-01-01). "Wreckage of plane found in Indonesian mountains". Yahoo!, Reuters. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ "Nasib 96 Penumpang, Pilot dan Kru Tidak Diketahui" (in Indonesian). Kompas. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  4. ^ "AdamAir PK-KKW Airfleets". Airfleets. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  5. ^ a b "Missing airliner not located: Indonesian officials". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  6. ^ "Now, search on for missing plane". Singapore: The Electric New Paper. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  7. ^ a b "Adam Air News Alert". Adam Air. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  8. ^ "Three from Bend on plane that crashed in Indonesia". The Bend Bulletin. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
  9. ^ "Rescuers deny airliner found". News.com.au. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  10. ^ "Search on for Missing Indonesian Plane". Focus News Agency. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Flight missing in bad weather". Edmonton sun.com. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  12. ^ "Jatuhnya Pesawat Adam Air di Sulawesi Barat Adalah Akibat Cuaca Buruk" (in Indonesian). Adam Air. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  13. ^ "President welcomes S`porean and US offer to help find missing Adam Air plane". ANTARA. 4 January 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "Lost plane 'battled 130kph winds'". CNN. 6 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b c Experts say investigation into Indonesian plane crash important to global aviation safety - www.iht.com - Obtained January 29 2007.
  16. ^ "Missing Indonesian jet did not call for help". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  17. ^ "Indonesian jet didn't send out distress signal". GlobeandMail.com. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  18. ^ "Rescuers have not found Indonesia plane wreck: military". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  19. ^ "Confusion mounts over Java plane". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  20. ^ Black Box from Missing Indonesian Plane May Have Been Found - Desatres.org - Obtained January 29 2007.
  21. ^ a b Indonesia steps up search for missing plane - Swissinfo - retrieved on January 7 2007.
  22. ^ "Singapore to help Indonesia locate missing Adam Air jet". Channel News Asia. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ "Kirim 2 Fokker, Singapura Siapkan Infra Red Cari AdamAir". Detik.com. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Two mily planes help search for missing Adam Air". ANTARA. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ "Search intensifies for missing Adam Air 737". Air Transport World Magazine. 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ "Cari Bangkai AdamAir, TNI AL Kerahkan KRI Bersonar" (in Indonesian). Detik.com. 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ Unmanned undersea vehicle searching for missing Indonesian plane - Xinhua - Obtained January 16 2007
  28. ^ a b Ahmad Pathoni (3 January 2007). "Anger as Indonesia resumes search for airliner". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "Possible in-flight blast caused plane crash on land and sea". Asianews.it. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  30. ^ "Bisa Jadi Pesawat AdamAir Meledak di Udara". Detik.com. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  31. ^ "Pesawat Lion Air Terima Sinyal Bahaya di Laut Banda". Liputan 6 SCTV. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
  32. ^ a b Indonesia Plane Crash Still A Mystery - AllHeadlineNews.com - retrieved on January 17 2007
  33. ^ a b "Ocean scoured for Indonesia jet". CNN. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  34. ^ "Indonesia shifts search for missing plane after beacon signal". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
  35. ^ "Daunting task as Indonesia steps up airliner search". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  36. ^ Indonesia plane search narrows after debris found - thestar.com - Retrieved on January 12 2007
  37. ^ a b Fuel spill clue to missing jet - NWC News - Obtained January 15 2007.
  38. ^ Singapore's Navy joins search for missing Indonesian airliner - channelnewsasia.com - Obtained on January 16 2007.
  39. ^ a b Adam Air 737 Black Box Detected - Airwise Press Release - Obtained on January 25 2007.
  40. ^ British ship joins search of Indonesian plane - People's Daily Online - Obtained on January 26 2007.
  41. ^ a b Lesson learned from accidents - The Jakarta Post - Obtained on January 24, 2007.
  42. ^ Missing airliner's status is final, minister says - The Jakarta Post - Obtained on February 10, 2007.
  43. ^ a b "Airline hunt spots metal in sea". BBC. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
  44. ^ a b c d e More Adam Air plane wreckage discovered - The Daily Telegraph (Australia) - Obtained on 11 January 2007
  45. ^ Indonesia: metal object detected during plane search - Xinhua - Obtained January 16 2007
  46. ^ "Kanada Kirim Sebuah Pesawat Bantu Cari Adam Air". Media Indonesia. 2007-01-09.
  47. ^ a b c Technical help awaited as plane search continues - The Jakarta Post
  48. ^ Metal Detector Arrives To Help Locate Missing Indonesian Airplane - Playfuls.com - Retrieved on January 17 2007.
  49. ^ Black Box Found From New Year's Day Plane Crash - KOIN News 6 - Obtained January 25 2007.
  50. ^ "Tail of missing Indonesian plane found". Sydney Morning Herald. 2007-01-10.
  51. ^ a b c d e Indonesia to DNA test human fragments in plane hunt - Boston.com - Obtained on January 15 2007
  52. ^ Adam Air Plane Trail Found in Parepare Bay - Agoravox - Obtained on January 15 2007
  53. ^ Pieces of missing plane found in Indonesian waters - Kare11.com - Obtained 11 January 2007
  54. ^ a b Fishermen find parts of jetliner - CNN - Obtained 11 January 2007
  55. ^ Parts of lost Indonesian jet found - MWC News - Obtained January 11 2007
  56. ^ Adam Air black box detected, search for plane slowed - e-Travel Blackboard - Press Release - Obtained January 29 2007
  57. ^ a b Investigators say fuel spill may be from downed Indonesian jetliner - Long Beach Press-Telegram, CA - Obtained January 15 2007
  58. ^ Adam Air jetliner debris found in the sea off Sulawesi - Pravda - Obtained January 17 2007.
  59. ^ Bone Fragments, Skull Found Not Of Adam Air Passengers - BERNAMA - Ontained January 19 2007.
  60. ^ a b c USNS Mary Sears, Search Team Return From Successful Mission In Indonesia - Obtained January 30, 2007.
  61. ^ SAR Team Stops Search For Adam Air Plane
  62. ^ /Missing Adam Air Plane Blackbox Detected - Bernama.com- Obtained on January 24 2007
  63. ^ Families commemorate air accident dead at watery wreckage site - monstersandcritics.com - Obtained Feb. 3rd, 2007.
  64. ^ Indonesian airline, government battle over retrieval of black box — monstersandcritics.com (news section) — Obtained on January 26 2007.
  65. ^ Indonesia Seeks Help To Retrieve Crashed Jetliner's "black Box" — Playfuls.com — Obtained January 29 2007.
  66. ^ Government Asks Adam Air to Pay for Salvage - TempoInteractive - Obtained February 2, 2007.
  67. ^ US can't help RI retrieve black box - The Jakarta Post - Obtained February 3, 2007.
  68. ^ a b c d Indonesia's aviation safety agency to publish preliminary report into New Year's Day Adam Air crash despite failure to locate black boxes - www.flightglobal.com - Obtained March 5, 2007.
  69. ^ Indonesia's Adam Air to continue expansion - Obtained February 15, 2007.
  70. ^ Phoenix International details key role in locating lost Adam Air Flight 574 - shephard.co.uk - Obtained February 25, 2007.
  71. ^ Adam Air To Retrieve Black Box From New Year's Day Crash - Aero News - Obtained May 31, 2007. Published May 28, 2007.
  72. ^ Retrieval efforts to begin for blackbox of sunken Indonesian jetliner - International Herarld Tribune - August 23, 2007 - Retrieved on the same date
  73. ^ Ship arrives in Indonesia to seek plane's black box - Reuters - August 23, 2007 - Retrieved on the same date
  74. ^ Black box retrieved from crashed Indonesian plane - Reuters - August 28, 2007 - Retrieved on the same date
  75. ^ Adam Air 737 recorders finally retrieved from seabed - by Flight Global's Nicholas Ionides - August 28, 2007 - Retrieved on the same date
  76. ^ Black Box of New Year plane crash found - Asia News - 08/29/2007 - retrieved on the same date.
  77. ^ Adam Air black box retrieved by salvage team - Alvin Darlanika Soedarjo - The Jakarta Post - August 29, 2007 - Obtained same date.
  78. ^ Crashed jet's black box found - Stephen Fitzpatrick - The Australian - August 29, 2007 - Obtained same date
  79. ^ "Missing Indonesian aircraft still missing despite claims of survivors" (Press release). e-Travel Blackboard. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
  80. ^ "Mountains searched for Indonesian aircraft". Financial Times. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  81. ^ a b U.S. Aviation Experts Are Helping With the Investigation - KNX - retrieved on January 7 2007.
  82. ^ Wreckage of missing Indonesian plane found - The Brunei Times Obtained on January 12 2007
  83. ^ a b Falling skies for Indonesian aviation - Asia Times - Obtained on January 27, 2007.
  84. ^ Pilots concerned over Indonesia airlines - phillbyblurbs.com - Obtained January 27, 2007.
  85. ^ a b c d e f Adam Air jet subject of pilot complaints before crash - iht.com - Obtained January 30, 2007.
  86. ^ Indonesian airline hit with lawsuit over crash - The Australian - Obtained January 27 2007.
  87. ^ Adam Air families to sue Boeing - The Jakarta Post - Obtained February 7, 2007.
  88. ^ PRESS DIGEST-Indonesian General News - Feb 7 - Reuters - Obtained February 7, 2007.
  89. ^ Victims of crash sue Boeing in US - Gulf Times - Obtained March 24, 2007.
  90. ^ Missing airliner 'international issue': Indonesian VP - The Vancouver Sun - retrieved on January 7 2007.
  91. ^ a b President forms national team to evaluate transportation safety, security - ANTARA News - Obtained January 20 2007
  92. ^ Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) official site - Obtained January 20 2007.
  93. ^ Adam Air denies cost-cutting measures - Jakarta Post - Obtained on January 23 2007. (Link dead as of January 27, 2007.)
  94. ^ Indonesian airline to give US$55,000 to relatives of crash victims - International Herald Tribune (Asia-Pacific section) - Obtained January 24 2007.
  95. ^ Relatives pay last respects in sea ritual - The Jakarta Post - Obtained February 4, 2007.
  96. ^ Plane ban after 'crack' landing - www.theage.com.au - Obtained February 28, 2007.
  97. ^ Indonesia eyes ageing planes - tvnz.co.nz - Obtained March 1, 2007.
  98. ^ Indonesia plans to reshuffle transportation ministry after accident: paper - People's Daily Online - Obtained March 1, 2007.
  99. ^ Indonesia may expand inspection of Boeing jets - Accident prompts scrutiny of 737-300s - seattlepi.nwsource.com - Obtained March 1, 2007.
  100. ^ Adam Air braces for possible closure after string of plane accidents - The Jakarta Post - Obtained March 16, 2007.
  101. ^ a b Adam Air escapes license revocation - The Jakarta Post - Obtained March 22, 2007.
  102. ^ Flight International 27 March 2007
  103. ^ All 54 Indonesian airlines told to raise safety standards - The Brunei Times - Obtained March 24, 2007.
  104. ^ F.A.A. Downgrades Indonesian Air System - The New York Times - Obtained May 5, 2007.
  105. ^ US Warns Against Flying Indonesian Airlines - Aero-News - April 21, 2007 - Obtained August 29, 2007
  106. ^ Checks urged after passenger jet cracks on landing - stuff.co.nz - Published Saturday, 24 February 2007 - Obtained 25th Feb. 2007.

External links

03°40′44″S 118°09′4″E / 3.67889°S 118.15111°E / -3.67889; 118.15111

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