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{{Infobox video game
{{chembox
|image= [[File:Fallout New Vegas.jpg|Fallout: New Vegas box art]]
| ImageFileL1 = Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png
|caption= European box art
| ImageSizeL1 = 100px
|developer=[[Obsidian Entertainment]]<br/>[[Bethesda Game Studios]] (patches)
| ImageFileR1 = Dihydrogen-3D-vdW.png
|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]] <small>(US, UK, ROI)</small>, [[Namco Bandai Games]] <small>(EU, AU, NZ)</small><ref name="NAMCO BANDAI Partnership">{{cite press release|url=http://namcobandaigames.eu/news/2010-01-28/bethesda-softworks-and-namco-bandai-partners-s.a.s.-agree-to-fallout-new-vegas-distribution-deal/325|title=Bethesda Softworks And Namco Bandai Partners S.A.S. Agree To Fallout: New Vegas Distribution Deal|publisher=Namco Bandai Games|date=January 28, 2010|accessdate=May 13, 2010}}</ref>
| ImageSizeR1 = 100px
|designer=[[Josh Sawyer]] <small>(project director)</small>, John Gonzalez <small>(creative lead)</small>,<ref name="Kotaku">{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5595186/how-to-write-a-post-apocalyptic-rpg-the-fallout-new-vegas-way|title=How To Write A Post Apocalyptic RPG, The Fallout: New Vegas Way|date= July 23, 2010|work=Kotaku|publisher=Gawker Media}}</ref> [[Chris Avellone]], Eric Fenstermaker, Travis Stout <small>(writers)</small>
| verifiedrevid = 447069842
|composer = [[Inon Zur]]<ref name="OXM Audio Interview"/>
| IUPACName = Liquid Hydrogen
|series = ''[[Fallout (series)|Fallout]]''
| OtherNames = Hydrogen (cryogenic liquid); Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid; LH2, Para Hydrogen
|engine = [[Gamebryo]]
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|version= 1.4.0.525 (PC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/2011/07/06/fallout-new-vegas-patch-to-improve-performance-and-crush-dozens-of-bugs/|title=Fallout: New Vegas patch to improve performance and crush dozens of bugs |publisher=[[PC Gamer]]|date=July 6, 2011|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref>
| Abbreviations =
|released= {{vgrelease|NA=October 19, 2010<ref name="releasedates"/>}}{{vgrelease|AUS=October 21, 2010<ref name="DLCannounce">{{cite web|last=Ransom |first=James |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/10/18/first-fallout-new-vegas-dlc-exclusive-to-xbox-360/ |title=First Fallout: New Vegas DLC 'exclusive' to Xbox 360 |publisher=Joystiq |date=2010-10-18 |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>}}{{vgrelease|EU=October 22, 2010<ref name="releasedates"/>}}
| SMILES1 = [HH]
|genre=[[Action role-playing game|Action role-playing]], [[open world]]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|modes=[[Single-player video game|Single-player]]
| StdInChI = 1S/H2/h1H
|ratings={{vgratings|CERO=Z|ESRB=M|ACB=MA15+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classification.gov.au/www/cob/find.nsf/d853f429dd038ae1ca25759b0003557c/a49e9dd3e6c50de0ca257775005d7090?OpenDocument|title=Classification Database - FALLOUT: NEW VEGAS (MA 15+)|accessdate={{Date|2010-11-17|mdy}}|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia Classification Board}}</ref>|PEGI=18+<ref name="releasedates"/>|BBFC=18<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/ADM271400 |title=Title &laquo; British Board of Film Classification |publisher=Bbfc.co.uk |date=2010-07-29 |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>|OFLCZ=R18|USK=18}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|platforms=[[Microsoft Windows]]<br />{{nowrap|[[PlayStation 3]]}}<br />[[Xbox 360]]<ref name="eurogamer">{{cite web|author=Ellie Gibson |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/fallout-new-vegas-unveiled |title=Fallout: New Vegas unveiled News - Page 1 |publisher=Eurogamer.net |date=2009-04-20 |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>
| StdInChIKey = UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|media=[[Blu-ray Disc]]<br />[[DVD]]
| CASNo = 1333-74-0
|requirements= [[#Development and marketing|See "Development and marketing"]]
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 762
| UNNumber = [[List of UN Numbers 1901 to 2000|1966]]
| EINECS =
| PubChem = 783
| SMILES = [HH]
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 7YNJ3PO35Z
| InChI = 1/H2/h1H
| RTECS = MW8900000
| MeSHName =
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 33251
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00282
| ATCCode_prefix =
| ATCCode_suffix =
| ATC_Supplemental =}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| H = 2
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Density = 67.8 kg·m<sup>−3</sup> (4.23 lb./cu.ft)<ref name="h">[http://www.safety.seas.harvard.edu/services/hydrogen.html ''Information specific to liquid hydrogen''] {{Dead link|date=February 2012}}, harvard.edu, accessed 2009-06-12</ref>
| MeltingPt = −259.14 °C (−434.45 °F, 14.01 K)<ref name="h"/>
| BoilingPt = −252.87 °C (−423.17 °F, 20.28 K) <ref name="h"/>
| Triple_point = 13.81 K<ref name="IPTS-1968"/> 7.042 kPa <ref>Yunus A. Cengel, Robert H. Turner. ''Fundamentals of thermal-fluid sciences'', McGraw-Hill, 2004, p. 78, ISBN 0-07-297675-6</ref>
| Solubility =
| SolubleOther =
| Solvent =
| pKa =
| pKb = }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| RSPhrases =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition = 571 °C (1060 °F)<ref name="h"/>
| ExploLimits = LEL 4.0 %; UEL 74.2 % (in air)<ref name="h"/>
| PEL = }}
}}
}}
'''''Fallout: New Vegas''''' is an [[Action role-playing game|action role-playing]] [[open world]] video game developed by [[Obsidian Entertainment]], and published by [[Bethesda Softworks]]. The game is based in a [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] environment in and around [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]]. It was released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 3]] and [[Xbox 360]] in October 2010.<ref name="releasedates">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/fallout-new-vegas-dated|title=Fallout: New Vegas dated|work=Eurogamer|publisher=Eurogamer Network Limited|last=Bramwell|first=Tom|date=June 14, 2010|accessdate=June 14, 2010}}</ref>


Even though it directly succeeds it in order of ''Fallout'' game releases and also shares its [[game engine|engine]], ''Fallout: New Vegas'' is not a direct sequel to ''[[Fallout 3]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Fallout: New Vegas Interview: Josh Sawyer|url=http://au.gamespot.com/xbox360/rpg/falloutnewvegas/video/6261040/fallout-new-vegas-interview-josh-sawyer|last=Tong|first=Sophia|work=GameSpot|date=May 4, 2010|publisher=CBS Interactive|format=Video}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20100216/fallout16_st.art.htm|title=What happens in 'Fallout: New Vegas'|last=Snider|first=Mike|work=USA TODAY|publisher=Gannett Company|date=February 16, 2010|accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> though the game offers a similar action role-playing experience to ''Fallout 3''. The game marks the return of many elements found in previous ''Fallout'' titles; many employees of Obsidian Entertainment previously worked for the now-defunct [[Black Isle Studios]] on ''[[Fallout (video game)|Fallout]]'' and ''[[Fallout 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rus McLaughlin |url=http://au.retro.ign.com/articles/948/948937p1.html |title=IGN presents the History of Fallout|publisher=IGN Entertainment|date=July 21, 2010|accessdate=November 14, 2010}}</ref>
'''Liquid hydrogen''' (LH2 or LH<sub>2</sub>) is the [[liquid state]] of the element [[hydrogen]]. Hydrogen is found naturally in the [[molecule|molecular]] H<sub>2</sub> form.


The game currently holds the record for the most lines of dialogue in a single-player action role-playing game. The game contains around 65,000 lines of dialogue, beating its predecessor and previous record holder ''Fallout 3'' which contained 40,000 lines of dialogue.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guiness World Records 2011 - Gamer's Edition|last= |first= |authorlink= |year=2010 |publisher=Guiness World Records Ltd. |location= |isbn=9781405365468 |page=147}}</ref>
To exist as a liquid, H<sub>2</sub> must be pressurized above and cooled below hydrogen's [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|Critical point]]. However, for hydrogen to be in a full liquid state without boiling off, it needs to be cooled to 20.28 K<ref name="IPTS-1968">[http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1970/pdf/2203x0555.pdf IPTS-1968], iupac.org, accessed 2009-06-12</ref> (−423.17 °F/−252.87°C)<ref>[[Chemical elements data references]]</ref><ref>[http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Matter/Prop_Gas.htm Properties Of Gases]. Roymech.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref> while still pressurized. One common method of obtaining liquid hydrogen involves a compressor resembling a jet engine in both appearance and principle. Liquid hydrogen is typically used as a concentrated form of [[hydrogen storage]]. As in any gas, storing it as liquid takes less space than storing it as a gas at normal temperature and pressure, however the liquid density is very low compared to other common fuels. Once liquefied it can be maintained as a liquid in pressurized and thermally insulated containers.


==Gameplay==
Liquid hydrogen consists of [[Spin isomers of hydrogen|99.79% parahydrogen, 0.21% orthohydrogen]].<ref>[http://www.astronautix.com/props/liqirlh2.htm Liquid Air/LH2]. Astronautix.com. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref>
{{See also|Fallout 3#Gameplay|l1=Gameplay in Fallout 3}}
Obsidian Entertainment presents new features and improvements in ''Fallout: New Vegas'' that are implemented upon the foundation of ''[[Fallout 3]]''. For example, the original ''Fallout 3'' version of the [[Gamebryo]] [[game engine|engine]] was reworked in order to accommodate the extra lights and effects of the [[Las Vegas strip|''New Vegas'' strip]].


The Vault-Tec Assisted Targeting System, or "V.A.T.S.", returns with the addition of several V.A.T.S.-specific attacks.<ref name="psm3" /><ref name="GameSpy" /> Use of certain melee weapons trigger unique animations. Also added are new weapons, a weapon modification system, the ability to use the iron sights on almost all guns (excluding several larger weapons that are shot from the hip) and a better over-the-shoulder view for third-person combat.<ref name="pcgamer_issue199">{{Cite journal|title=Fallout New Vegas|issue=199|location=United States of America|month=April |year=2010|last=Stapleton|first=Dan|journal=PC Gamer|publisher=Future Publishing|page=52|edition=199|editor-first=Logan|editor-last=Decker}}</ref> The modification system allows for modifications such as mounted telescopic sights, [[rate of fire]] modifiers and increased [[Magazine (firearms)|magazine]] size.<ref name="pcgamer_issue199" /> Crafting also plays a role in weaponry, with the ability to craft ammunition such as hand-loaded rounds. A plant-harvesting system similar to that of ''[[The Elder Scrolls]]'' series is also in place, allowing the player to use plants to craft special meals, poisons, and medicines.
==History==
{{see|Timeline of low-temperature technology}}
1756 – The first documented public demonstration of artificial [[refrigeration]] by [[William Cullen]],<ref>William Cullen, ''Of the Cold Produced by Evaporating Fluids and of Some Other Means of Producing Cold,'' '''in''' Essays and Observations Physical and Literary Read Before a Society in Edinburgh and Published by Them, II, (Edinburgh 1756)</ref> [[Gaspard Monge]] liquefied the first gas producing liquid [[sulfur dioxide]] in 1784. [[Michael Faraday]] liquefied ammonia to cause cooling, [[Oliver Evans]] designed the first closed circuit refrigeration machine in 1805, [[Jacob Perkins]] patented the first refrigerating machine in 1834 and [[John Gorrie]] patented his mechanical refrigeration machine in 1851 in the US to make ice to cool the air,<ref>[http://www.myoutbox.net/popch20.htm 1851 John Gorrie]. Myoutbox.net. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref><ref>John Gorrie "Improved process for the artificial production of ice" {{US patent|00008080}} Issue date: May 6, 1851</ref> Siemens introduced the Regenerative cooling concept in 1857, [[Carl von Linde]] patented equipment to liquefy air using tile [[Joule–Thomson effect|Joule Thomson expansion process]] and [[regenerative cooling]]<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4404/app-a1.htm Hydrogen through the Nineteenth Century]. History.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref> in 1876, in 1885 [[Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski]] published hydrogen's critical temperature as 33 K; critical pressure, 13.3 atmospheres; and boiling point, 23 K.


The quantity of factions prompted developers to reintroduce the reputation system that was absent in ''Fallout 3''.<ref name="IGNvideo" /> The degree of faction loyalty influences the player's reputation with that faction,<ref name="IGNvideo" /> which in turn affects the behavior of the faction's non-player characters (NPCs) toward the player and reflects the impacts of selected choices in the world.<ref name="IGNvideo" /> [[Karma]] is also a factor, but is independent of faction reputation (the player can rob a faction member, lowering their karma, but leaving their reputation unchanged assuming they are not caught). Availability of dialog options with NPCs are based upon character attributes, skills, reputation and karma. Skills have a bigger effect on conversation choices.<ref name="GameSpy"/> Whether a dialogue option will succeed or fail is shown up front, and entirely dependent on skill level, rather than both skill and chance as seen in ''Fallout 3''.<ref name="GameSpy"/>
[[Hydrogen]] was liquefied for the first time by [[James Dewar]] in 1898 by using [[regenerative cooling]] and his invention, the [[vacuum flask]]. The first synthesis of the stable isomer form of liquid hydrogen, parahydrogen was achieved by [[Paul Harteck]] and [[Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer]] in 1929.


Companion behavior and tasks are controlled using the new "companion wheel", removing the need to enter conversation to give commands. The new companion wheel offers command execution by selecting commands that are presented in a radial menu. Josh Sawyer states the companion wheel offers ease of companion interaction.<ref name="IGNvideo" /> Such examples of companion commands include setting and changing combat tactics, default behavior towards foes and usage frequency of available resources. The player can have one humanoid and one non-humanoid companion at the same time and receives a unique perk, or unique advantage, per companion. These companions can be upgraded if the player completes a special quest related to the companion.
==Spin isomers of hydrogen==
Room temperature hydrogen consists mostly of the orthohydrogen form. After production, liquid hydrogen is in a metastable state and must be converted into the [[Spin isomers of hydrogen|parahydrogen isomer]] form to avoid the [[exothermic reaction]] that occurs when it changes at low temperatures, this is usually performed using a catalyst like [[ferric oxide]], [[activated carbon]], platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds,
[[chromic oxide]], or some nickel compounds.<ref>[http://www.mae.ufl.edu/NasaHydrogenResearch/h2webcourse/L11-liquefaction2.pdf Ortho-Para conversion. Page 13]. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref>


In New Vegas, the player can visit casinos to participate in mini-games, including [[blackjack]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackjackchamp.com/casino-news/6433-play-blackjack-for-bottle-caps-in-fallout-new-vegas/ |title=How To Win Playing Blackjack for Bottle Caps in Fallout: New Vegas |publisher=BlackjackChamp.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-02}}</ref> [[slot machine|slots]], and [[roulette]]. A card game called Caravan, which was designed specifically for the game, is also playable outside of the casinos.
==Uses==


===Hardcore mode===
It is a common [[liquid fuel|liquid]] [[rocket fuel]] for [[spacecraft propulsion|rocket]] applications. In most [[rocket engine]]s fueled by liquid hydrogen, it first [[regenerative cooling (rocket)|cools]] the nozzle and other parts before being mixed with the oxidizer (usually [[liquid oxygen]] (LOX)) and burned to produce water with traces of [[ozone]] and [[hydrogen peroxide]]. Practical H2/O2 rocket engines run fuel-rich so that the exhaust contains some unburned hydrogen. This reduces combustion chamber and nozzle erosion. It also reduces the molecular weight of the exhaust that can actually increase [[specific impulse]] despite the incomplete combustion.
An optional ''Hardcore mode''<ref name="IGN AU PS3" /> delivers more realism and intensity into the gaming environment. Game director [[Josh Sawyer]] stated that the mode was inspired by several different ''[[Fallout 3]]'' [[Mod (computer gaming)|mods]].<ref name="gamesauce">{{cite web|url=http://gamesauce.org/news/2010/09/08/behind-fallout-new-vegas-the-van-buren-legacy-and-learning-from-mods/|title=Obsidian’s Josh Sawyer on Fallout: New Vegas, the Van Buren legacy and learning from mods|work = gamesauce.org|publisher= Gamesauce Media, Inc|date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> As gameplay difficulty is increased, players are encouraged to implement effective strategies, make careful considerations in resource management and combat tactics, and pay high attention to the surrounding environment. Gameplay difficulty is increased in several ways:
{{Infobox liquid hydrogen}}
*Stimpaks and other healing items, including food, do not heal the player instantly, but instead work over a period of time.
Liquid hydrogen can be used as the fuel storage in an [[internal combustion engine]] or [[fuel cell]]. Various submarines ([[Type 212 submarine]], [[Type 214 submarine]]) and concept [[hydrogen vehicle]]s have been built using this form of hydrogen (see [[DeepC]], [[BMW H2R]]). Due to its similarity, builders can sometimes modify and share equipment with systems designed for [[liquefied natural gas|LNG]]. However, because of the lower [[Energy density#Energy density in energy storage and in fuel|volumetric energy]], the hydrogen volumes needed for combustion are large. Unless LH2 is injected instead of gas, hydrogen-fueled piston engines usually require larger fuel systems. Unless [[Direct fuel injection|direct injection]] is used, a severe gas-displacement effect also hampers maximum breathing and increases pumping losses.
*RadAway will also decrease [[radiation poisoning]] gradually, rather than instantly.
*Stimpaks cannot heal crippled limbs. Healing crippled limbs requires a "Doctor's Bag", sleeping on an owned or rented bed, a chem called "Hydra" or visiting a doctor.
*Ammunition has a weight value.
*The player character must eat, drink and sleep to avoid starvation, dehydration and exhaustion, with each illness causing various skill decreases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e3.g4tv.com/videos/46535/E3-2010-Live-Fallout-New-Vegas-Demo/|title=E3 2010 Live: Fallout: New Vegas Demo|work=G4|publisher= G4 Media, Inc|date=June 16, 2010|format=Video}}</ref>
*When companions are killed in combat, they do not get back up (unlike in normal difficulty), instead they will be permanently killed.


An achievement (Xbox 360<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xbox360achievements.org/game/fallout-new-vegas/achievements/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Achievements |publisher=Xbox360Achievements.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>/Steam<ref name="SteamAchievements">{{cite web|url=http://steamcommunity.com/stats/Fallout:NewVegas/achievements |title=Fallout: New Vegas :: Achievements |publisher=Steam Community |date= |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>) or trophy (PlayStation 3)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ps3trophies.org/game/fallout-new-vegas/trophies/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Trophies List |publisher=PS3Trophies.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref> is awarded for completing the game on Hardcore mode.
Liquid hydrogen is also used to cool neutrons to be used in neutron scattering. Since neutrons and hydrogen nuclei have similar masses, kinetic energy exchange per interaction is maximum ([[elastic collision]]). Finally, superheated liquid hydrogen was used in many [[bubble chamber]] experiments.


==Properties==
==Synopsis==
===Setting===
The byproduct of its combustion with oxygen alone is water vapor (although if its combustion is with oxygen and nitrogen it can form toxic chemicals), which can be cooled with some of the liquid hydrogen. Since water is considered harmless to the environment, an engine burning it can be considered "zero emissions." Liquid hydrogen also has a much higher [[specific energy]] than gasoline, natural gas, or diesel.<ref name="almc.army.mil">[http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/MayJun00/MS492.htm Hydrogen As an Alternative Fuel]. Almc.army.mil. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.</ref>
''Fallout: New Vegas'' takes place during the year 2281, four years after the events of ''Fallout 3'', and 204 years after the Great War of 2077.<ref name="psm3">{{Cite journal|journal=PlayStation 3 Magazine|location=United Kingdom|title=What happens in New Vegas stays in New Vegas|pages=22–29|year=2010|publisher=Future Publishing}}</ref> The game is set in a [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic]] [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], and the [[Mojave Desert]], which is known as the "Mojave Wasteland". The Mojave Wasteland is roughly the same size as the "Capital Wasteland" in ''Fallout 3'',<ref name="psm3" /> and is spread across parts of real-world [[Nevada]] and [[Arizona]]. Part of ''Fallout'' and ''Fallout 2'''s Core Region also appears in the form of [[California]]. Unlike other cities in the ''Fallout'' series, Las Vegas was not struck directly by a [[nuclear attack]]. Many of its buildings remain intact, and [[mutation]] of its inhabitants is minimal.<ref name="psm3" />


The city and its surroundings are divided between various factions, but there are three major powers competing for control of the region: The New California Republic (NCR), Caesar's Legion, and Mr. House. The NCR's military, returning from ''Fallout 2'', is now overextended and mismanaged, but controls the majority of territories in the Mojave. The slave-driving, [[Roman army]]-styled Caesar's Legion, formed by its leader, Caesar, conquered and united 86 tribes and now plans to conquer New Vegas. Mr. House, the mysterious businessman rumoured to be 200 years old, controls New Vegas with an army of "Securitron" security robots. There are many other factions and groups as well, including the Boomers, a tribe of heavily armed vault dwellers, Powder Gangers, violent groups of escaped convicts, Great Khans, a tribe of drug dealers and raiders, and the Brotherhood of Steel, the technology-craving remnants of the U.S. military.<ref name="usatoday" /><ref name="GameSpy"/> Landmarks featured in ''Fallout: New Vegas'' include the [[Hoover Dam]], which supplies power to the city,<ref name="GameSpy" /> [[Nellis Air Force Base]] and the [[Nevada Solar One|HELIOS One]] solar energy plant.<ref name="IGN AU PS3">{{cite web|url=http://au.ps3.ign.com/articles/108/1087126p1.html|title=Fallout: New Vegas First Look|last=Brudvig|first=Erik|date=April 30, 2010|accessdate=May 17, 2010|work=IGN| publisher=IGN Entertainment}}</ref>
The density of liquid hydrogen is only 70.99 g/L (for atomic hydrogen at 20 [[Kelvin|K]]), a [[relative density]] of just 0.07. Although the specific energy is around twice that of other fuels, this gives it a remarkably low volumetric [[energy density]], many fold lower.


===Plot===
Liquid hydrogen requires [[cryogenic]] storage technology such as special thermally insulated containers and requires special handling common to all [[cryogenic fuel]]s. This is similar to, but more severe than [[liquid oxygen]]. Even with thermally insulated containers it is difficult to keep such a low temperature, and the hydrogen will gradually leak away (typically at a rate of 1% per day<ref name="almc.army.mil"/>). It also shares many of the same [[hydrogen safety|safety issues]] as other forms of hydrogen, as well as being cold enough to liquefy (and possibly solidify) atmospheric oxygen which can be an explosion hazard.
The game places the player in the role of a [[courier]] working for the Mojave Express, known simply as "the Courier." While delivering a package with a platinum poker chip to New Vegas, the Courier is ambushed by Benny (voiced by [[Matthew Perry]]), leader of one of the casinos in New Vegas, who steals the package, shoots the player in the head, and leaves the body in a shallow grave. A robot named Victor witnesses the shooting and brings the courier to Doctor Mitchell in [[Goodsprings, Nevada|Goodsprings]].<ref name="GameSpy">{{cite web|url=http://xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/fallout-new-vegas/1067697p1.html|title=PC Gamer, Developers Talk Fallout: New Vegas|last=Sharkey|first=Mike|date= February 8, 2010|accessdate=March 15, 2010|work=GameSpy|publisher=IGN Entertainment}}</ref> At this point, the player enters into character creation and defines the Courier's skills, attributes, name, gender, age and appearance. Although traumatized, the player begins his journey, following Benny to avenge the attack and recover the stolen package, all while exploring the Mojave Wasteland.<ref name="IGNvideo">{{cite web|url=http://au.pc.ign.com/dor/objects/14341979/fallout-new-vegas/videos/falloutnv_inv_043010.html|title=Fallout: New Vegas PC Games Interview - Video Interview|date=April 30, 2010|accessdate=May 11, 2010|work=IGN|publisher=IGN Entertainment}}</ref>


The game proceeds according to the player's decisions and involves many different events, factions, and characters, but the main storyline follows the player's pursuit of Benny to both settle the score and retrieve the platinum chip. Eventually, after finding Benny and the chip, the Courier finds himself in the middle of a conflict between three factions: Caesar's Legion, a group of [[Roman Empire|Roman]]-esque slavers, the New Californian Republic (NCR), an expansionist militia government, and Mr. House, the enigmatic [[de-facto]] ruler of New Vegas in command of an army of Securitron robots. Each of the three sides aim to control [[Hoover Dam]], which is still operational and supplying the South West with power and clean, non-irradiated water, and thus control of the dam means effective control of the region. It is revealed that Mr. House, a human from before the Great War and surviving via a contained life support chamber, ordered the platinum chip's delivery before the war. The chip is a data storage device with a program that can upgrade the Securitrons to a greater level of combat effectiveness, and was stolen by Benny as part of a scheme to take over House's security and claim New Vegas for himself with the help of a reprogrammed Securitron, Yes Man.
==See also==

[[Image:Linde-Wasserstofftank.JPG|thumb|240px|Tank for liquid hydrogen of [[Linde AG|Linde]], [[Museum Autovision]], [[Altlußheim]], [[Germany]]]]
The player has the option to pursue one of four paths - fighting for NCR, Caesar, Mr. House, or taking up Benny's plans to take New Vegas for their own with Yes Man's assistance. After a line of quests where the player deals with outsider factions to determine their role in a looming battle, the player is notified that Caesar's Legion is attacking Hoover Dam and they must take part to decide the outcome. As the Legion strikes the Dam, led by the fearsome [[Legatus|Legate]] Lanius, the NCR protects its position under General Lee Oliver. Depending on the faction sided with up to the battle the player will either defend the Dam for NCR, conquer it for the Legion, or connect the Dam's systems to House's network so he or Yes Man can take control. The game concludes with a slideshow showing the results of the player's actions, the battle for Hoover Dam deciding the faction that comes to power over New Vegas and the Mojave, and the fates of the various other factions based on how the player negotiated with them and which of the major factions emerged dominant.
*[[Hydrogen safety]]

*[[Compressed hydrogen]]
==Development and marketing==
*[[Cryo-adsorption]]
{{VG Requirements
*[[Expansion ratio]]
|useminandrec=yes
*[[Gasoline gallon equivalent]]
|platform1=Windows
*[[industrial gas]]
|os1=Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7
*[[Slush hydrogen]]
|cpu1=Dual-core 2&nbsp;GHz
*[[Solid hydrogen]]
|cpu1rec=
*[[Metallic hydrogen]]
|memory1=2&nbsp;GB RAM
*[[Hydrogen infrastructure]]
|memory1rec=
*[[Liquid hydrogen tank car]]
|gpu1=NVIDIA GeForce 6200 128&nbsp;MB or ATi Radeon X1300 XT 128&nbsp;MB
*[[Liquid hydrogen tanktainer]]
|gpu1rec=
*[[Liquid hydrogen tank truck]]
|sound1=
*[[Liquefaction of gases]]
|sound1rec=
|network1=
|hdspace1= 6.9&nbsp;GB (not including DLC)
}}
Senior producer Jason Bergman revealed that ''Fallout: New Vegas'' would use [[Steamworks]] for functionality, such as achievements and cloud save storage, with retail PC copies being activated via Steam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forums.bethsoft.com/index.php?/topic/1096751-fallout-new-vegas-fan-interview/|title=Fallout: New Vegas Fan Interview Part 1|date= June 8, 2010|accessdate=June 9, 2010}}</ref> The game's story concepts take heavy inspiration from the defunct ''[[Van Buren (Fallout 3)|Van Buren]]'' project begun by Black Isle which was intended to be ''Fallout 3'', particularly the presence of Caesar's Legion and Hoover Dam, and the idea that no single faction was entirely good or evil.<ref name="USA Today Interview">{{cite web|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/mining-the-fallout-new/702864|title=Fallout: New Vegas; Mining The Past Interview|publisher=Gametrailers|date=August 13, 2010|accessdate=August 13, 2010}}</ref> In a ''USA Today'' interview, Bergman announced the involvement of several celebrities including [[Ron Perlman]] as the game's ever-present narrator and [[Wayne Newton]] as radio DJ "Mr. New Vegas". He also confirmed that the game would include voice acting from [[Matthew Perry]], [[Zachary Levi]], [[Kris Kristofferson]], [[Danny Trejo]], [[Michael Dorn]] and [[Felicia Day]].<ref name="USA Today Interview">{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2010-08-10-fallout10_ST_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip|title='Fallout: New Vegas' owes Wayne Newton a danke schoen|last=Snider|first=Mike|publisher=Gannett Company, Inc.|date=August 9, 2010|accessdate=August 10, 2010|work=USA Today}}</ref> [[Inon Zur]] composed the score for the game.<ref name="OXM Audio Interview">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxm.co.uk/article.php?id=17404|title=Fallout: New Vegas developer not dictated by fans|last=Channell|first=Mike|publisher=Future Publishing|date= February 15, 2010|accessdate=May 25, 2010|work=Official Xbox Magazine}}</ref> It also includes songs such as "(I Got Spurs That) Jingle Jangle Jingle", "Blue Moon", and "[[Ain't That a Kick in the Head]]".

On February 4, 2010, Obsidian Entertainment released the ''Fallout: New Vegas'' teaser trailer. A second trailer was first shown on GameTrailers TV from [[Electronic Entertainment Expo|E3]] on June 11, 2010.<ref>{{cite press release|work=GameTrailers|publisher=MTV Networks (Viacom)|title=Fallout: New Vegas Video Game, E3 2010: Exclusive Gameplay Trailer|date=June 11, 2010|url=http://www.gametrailers.com/video/e3-2010-fallout-new/101172}}</ref> Bethesda announced 4 pre-order bonus packs giving specific in-game items, they include the "Classic", "Tribal", "Caravan" and "Mercenary" packs available when pre-ordering at specific outlets.<ref name="preorder">{{cite press release|title=Pre-order Fallout New Vegas|url=http://fallout.bethsoft.com/eng/home/preorder-fnv.php|work=Bethesda Softworks|publisher=ZeniMax Media|accessdate=June 10, 2010}}</ref>

===Collector's Edition===
[[File:Fallout-vegas-special-edition.jpg|downleft|thumb|''Fallout: New Vegas'' Collector's Edition content]]
The Collector's Edition was revealed on May 11, 2010.<ref name="BethSoft Collectors Edition">{{cite web|url=http://fallout.bethsoft.com/eng/home/pr-051110.php |title=Fallout: Welcome to the Official Site |publisher=Fallout.bethsoft.com |date=2010-05-11 |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref> It was distributed worldwide and is available for all three platforms.<ref name="BethSoft Collectors Edition"/> Its enclosed contents include 7 real clay poker chips from ''Fallout: New Vegas'' casinos (one from each of the seven major casinos found on the New Vegas strip and throughout the Mojave Wasteland), a deck of cards each with a character on them with information on that person (the Joker cards featuring Benny and The Courier), a graphic novel leading up to the events of New Vegas, Lucky 38 large platinum chip replica, and a making-of documentary DVD. PS3 version brings this in Blu-ray format. Those who pre-ordered ''Fallout: New Vegas'' at GameStop also received a certificate and password for downloadable game content: a Vault 13 water canteen that never needs filling, an Armored Vault 13 Jumpsuit and a Weathered 10mm Pistol.<ref name="BethSoft Collectors Edition"/>

===Ultimate Edition===
On November 3, 2011, Bethesda announced ''Fallout: New Vegas - Ultimate Edition'', which will include the game and all of its downloadable content. It was released on February 7, 2012 in North America and February 10 for Germany, Australia, Nordic, and February 24 in UK, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands on Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360..<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[1UP.com]] |accessdate=2011-11-04 |url=http://www.1up.com/news/fallout-new-vegas-ultimate-edition-bundles-game-dlc |title=Fallout: New Vegas Ultimate Edition Bundles the Game and All its DLC |date=2011-11-03}}</ref>

==Downloadable content==
On October 18, 2010 Bethesda Softworks announced that [[Downloadable content]] (DLC) would be available for ''New Vegas'', in keeping with its predecessor ''Fallout 3''. So far four DLC packs, ''Dead Money'', ''Honest Hearts'', ''Old World Blues'' and ''Lonesome Road'', have been released. The ''Lonesome Road'' DLC is also crucial to the game as it completes the missing pieces of the story of the main character of the game.

===''Dead Money''===
In the first DLC pack, named '''''Dead Money''''', the Courier is captured by an insane ex-Brotherhood of Steel leader known as "Father" Elijah and must work alongside three<ref name="DLC1">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-11-25-fallout-new-vegas-dlc-raises-level-cap|title=Fallout: New Vegas DLC raises level cap|date={{Date|2010-11-25|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2010-11-25|mdy}}|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|first=Wesley|last=Yin-Poole}}</ref> other captives to find the fabled treasure of the Sierra Madre Casino.<ref name="DLC1"/> The pack adds new achievements/trophies, perks, terrain, enemies and decisions for the player,<ref name="DLC1"/><ref name="DLC">{{cite web|url=http://bethblog.com/index.php/2010/11/17/first-new-vegas-dlc-announced/|title=Bethesda Blog " Blog Archive " First New Vegas DLC Announced|date={{Date|2010-11-17|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2010-11-17|mdy}}|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]]|first=Nick}}</ref> as well as raising the level cap by 5.<ref name="DLC1"/> ''Dead Money'' was released for the Xbox 360 on December 21, 2010<ref name="DLC1"/><ref name="DLC"/> and for PlayStation 3 and PC (via Steam) on February 22, 2011.<ref name="PS3-PC-DLC">{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2011/02/04/fallout-new-vegas-dead-money-appearing-on-ps3-pc-on-february-22-more-packs-soon/|title=Fallout: New Vegas: Dead Money appearing on PS3, PC on February 22, more packs soon|date={{Date|2011-02-04|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2011-02-04|mdy}}|publisher=[[VG247]]}}</ref><ref name="PS3-PC-DLC-2">{{cite web|url=http://www.vg247.com/2011/02/22/fallout-new-vegas-dead-money-hits-steam-ps3-today/|title=Fallout: New Vegas Dead Money hits Steam, PS3 today|date={{Date|2011-02-22|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2011-02-23|mdy}}|publisher=[[VG247]]}}</ref>

===''Honest Hearts''===
The second, named '''''Honest Hearts''''', was released on May 17, 2011 on Xbox Live and Steam and June 2, 2011 on the PSN due to the April—May [[PlayStation Network outage|PSN outage]].<ref name="Honest Hearts">{{cite web|url=http://bethblog.com/index.php/2011/05/03/details-on-honest-hearts-old-world-blues-and-lonesome-road/|title=Bethesda Blog » Blog Archive » New Vegas DLC: Details on Honest Hearts, Old World Blues, and Lonesome Road|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]]|date={{Date|2011-05-03|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2011-05-03|mdy}}}}</ref> In ''Honest Hearts'', the Courier is part of an expedition to Utah's [[Zion National Park]], when they are attacked by tribal raiders.<ref name="SteamHearts"/> While trying to return to the Mojave, the player becomes involved in conflicts between the tribes and between a "New Canaanite" missionary and individual known as the "Burned Man", Caesar's former Legate, who, after losing the first battle of Hoover Dam, was covered in [[pitch (resin)|pitch]], set on fire, and thrown into the [[Grand Canyon]].<ref name="SteamHearts">{{cite web|url=http://store.steampowered.com/app/72740/|title=Fallout New Vegas: Honest Hearts on Steam|accessdate={{Date|2011-05-18|mdy}}|publisher=[[Valve Corporation]]}}</ref>

The pack adds new achievements/trophies, perks, terrain, enemies and decisions for the player, as well as raising the level cap by 5. Chris Avellone has confirmed that the locations in Honest Hearts and all DLC's following it will still be accessible even after completing that DLC (in contrast to ''Dead Money'', which is closed off after completing it).<ref>{{cite web|last=Avellone|title=You can return in all DLCs past Dead Money, which was a special case.|url=http://twitter.com/#!/ChrisAvellone/status/67430609026428928|work=Twitter.com|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref> The "companion bug", which prevented players from entering Zion, was fixed in the 1.7 update. Players are now able to use an in-game console to dismiss all companions.

After the First Battle of Hoover Dam, Caesar sent Ulysses to Great Salt Lake to rally the White Legs to destroy New Canaan. With his help, the White Legs found a large supply of weapons artillery. The White Legs then destroyed New Canaan, sending Joshua Graham, the Burned Man, and the New Canaanites to the Zion Canyon, where the Dead Horses stand with them against Caesar. The Courier then arrives in the Zion Canyon and meets the Burned Man Joshua Graham who is surprised that it is a different Courier than Ulysses that came to him, as he had figured Ulysses would come to murder him. This sparks the beginning of Honest Hearts.

===''Old World Blues''===
In '''''Old World Blues''''', the Courier unwittingly becomes a lab rat in a science experiment gone awry and discovers how some of the Mojave's mutated creatures came to exist. ''Old World Blues'' takes place in the Pre-War research centers of [[Black Mesa, Arizona|Big Mountain]], known colloquially as "the Big Empty" or "Big MT" (where Father Elijah had found most of his equipment prior to ''Dead Money'', such as the bomb collars and the holorifle, along with Christine also from ''Dead Money''). The player can also choose to either turn on their kidnappers or join with them to fight an even greater threat.<ref name="DLCs">{{cite web|url=http://bethblog.com/index.php/2011/05/03/details-on-honest-hearts-old-world-blues-and-lonesome-road/|title=Bethesda Blog » Blog Archive » New Vegas DLC: Details on Honest Hearts, Old World Blues, and Lonesome Road|date={{Date|2011-05-03|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2011-05-15|mdy}}|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]]}}</ref> This pack offers new achievements/trophies, perks, a vast area to explore, and raises the level cap by 5 like the previous two packs. The player can only explore in the area until the main storyline of the DLC has been completed, but after completing it, can return back to the area at will. ''Old World Blues'' was released on July 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|title=F: NV DLC Old World Blues release date|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-06-22-f-nv-dlc-old-world-blues-release-date|publisher=Eurogamer}}</ref>

''Old World Blues'' focuses on the Think Tank, who had captured Father Elijah for brief seconds and had then come into contact with Ulysses who had rescued Christine Royce. Holotapes of Ulysses conversation with Christine were left in the Big Empty. The Courier is then kidnapped by the Think tank and his brain is removed, the Courier is then presented with the choice of either attacking the Think tank or fighting with it against a greater threat, starting the story of Old World Blues.

===''Lonesome Road''===
In '''''Lonesome Road''''', the Courier is contacted by a man named Ulysses, who refused to deliver the Platinum Chip at the beginning of the main game.<ref name="DLCs"/> Initially, ''Lonesome Road'' was planned to be released in August 2011; however, the DLC was delayed for unspecified reasons, with senior producer Jason Bergman stating "This isn't due to any major issue with the code or content, but there are lots of factors involved in releasing these things, and one of those is causing us to slip past our intended release date."<ref name="LRdelay">{{cite web|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|title=Fallout: NV Lonesome Road delayed News - - Page 1 {{!}} Eurogamer.net|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-08-10-fallout-new-vegas-lonesome-road-delayed|publisher=Eurogamer|accessdate=August 10, 2011|date=August 10, 2011}}</ref> Bethesda were unable to provide a new release date for the DLC, but did state that it would be released as soon as possible.<ref name="LRdelay"/> On August 25, 2011, Bethesda announced that the DLC will be released on September 20, 2011.<ref name="bethblog110825">{{cite web|url=http://www.bethblog.com/index.php/2011/08/25/lonesome-road-coming-september-20th-couriers-stash-and-gun-runners-arsenal-one-week-later/|title=Lonesome Road coming September 20th; Courier’s Stash and Gun Runners’ Arsenal one week later|work=Official Bethesda Softworks blog|accessdate=25 August 2011}}</ref> Lonesome Road will conclude the story of the Courier, the main character of Fallout: New Vegas.<ref name="bethblog110825" />

''Lonesome Road'' focuses on Ulysses, a former Frumentarii of Caesar who had discovered the "Divide": a glorious land until the New California Republic annexed it. This caused Caesar to retaliate and send a small army to seize the Divide, resulting in the NCR ordering the Courier to deliver a package which would trap the armies of the NCR and the Legion and turn the Divide into a tornado strewn land full of ghouls, called Marked Men, and other dangers. Ulysses believes the Courier to be responsible for the mess of the Divide and when he is ordered to deliver the Platinum Chip, he realizes Benny's plan and discovers the Courier to be alive. When discovering the Courier isn't dead, Ulysses contacts the Courier and asks him to enter the Divide, evoking the start of Lonesome Road.

===''Gun Runners' Arsenal'' and ''Courier's Stash''===
On September 27, 2011,<ref name="ContentPacks">{{cite web|url=http://store.steampowered.com/news/6369/|title=News&nbsp;— New Release&nbsp;— Fallout: New Vegas DLCs|date={{Date|2011-09-27|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2011-09-27|mdy}}|publisher=Valve}}</ref> Bethesda released two content packs entitled '''''Gun Runners' Arsenal''''' and '''''Courier's Stash'''''.<ref name="ContentPacks" /><ref name="bethblog110825" /> ''Gun Runners' Arsenal'' adds various new weapons and weapon mods (along with new ammo types) to the game, which can be found throughout the game world.<ref name="ContentPacks" /><ref name="bethblog110825" /> ''Courier's Stash'' contains all bonus content that was previously only available for pre-ordering the game (the ''Caravan Pack'', ''Classic Pack'', ''Mercenary Pack'' and ''Tribal Pack'').<ref name="ContentPacks" /><ref name="bethblog110825" />

====J.E. Sawyer's mod====
On December 29, 2011, the project director of the game, J.E. Sawyer, released a mod for the PC version of ''Fallout: New Vegas''. The mod adjusts the maximum level cap to 35, halves the rate that the player gains experience points at, reduces base player health, reduces the base weight that the player is able to carry, defines certain characters as good or evil rather than neutral, and makes various other adjustments. These are changes that J.E. Sawyer personally wished to make to the game, and were not released as an official patch. This mod requires the Mod Manager, all DLC, and all pre-order bonus packs in order to work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5871959/fallout-new-vegas-developer-releases-a-personal-mod|title=Fallout: New Vegas Developer Releases a Personal Mod|publisher=Kotaku|first=Brian|last=Ashcraft|date=2011-12-29}}</ref><ref>http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/114996-Fallout-New-Vegas-Project-Director-Releases-Personal-Mod</ref>

==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| title = Fallout: New Vegas <!-- Aggregators -->
| GR = (PC) 84.23%<ref name="gamerankings-PC">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/PC/959559-fallout-new-vegas/index.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas for PC - GameRankings |publisher=[[Gamerankings]]|accessdate=November 19, 2010}}</ref><br />(X360) 83.80%<ref name="gamerankings-360">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/xbox360/959557-fallout-new-vegas/index.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas for Xbox 360 - GameRankings |publisher=[[Gamerankings]]|accessdate=November 19, 2010}}</ref><br />(PS3) 83.44%<ref name="gamerankings-PS3">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/ps3/959558-fallout-new-vegas/index.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas for PlayStation 3 - GameRankings |publisher=[[Gamerankings]]|accessdate=November 19, 2010}}</ref>
| MC = (PC) 84/100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/fallout-new-vegas/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Critic Reviews for PC at Metacritic|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=2010-10-27}}</ref><br />(X360) 84/100<ref name="metacritic-newvegas">{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-360/fallout-new-vegas/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Critic Reviews for Xbox 360 at Metacritic|publisher=Metacritic|accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref><br/>(PS3) 82/100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/fallout-new-vegas/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Critic Reviews for PlayStation 3 at Netacritic|publisher=Metacritic|accessdate=2010-10-27}}</ref>
<!-- Reviewers -->
| 1UP = B<ref name="1UP_Review"/>
| IGN = {{Nowrap|8.5/10 <small>(US) (360/PS3)</small><ref name="IGN_Review_Console"/>}}<br/>9/10 <small>(PC; US/UK)</small><ref name="IGN_ReviewPC"/>
| EuroG = 9/10<ref name="EuroG_review"/>
| Edge = 6/10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.next-gen.biz/reviews/fallout-new-vegas-review |title=Fallout: New Vegas Review &#124; Edge Magazine |publisher=Next-gen.biz |date=2010-10-22 |accessdate=2010-10-26}}</ref>
| GSpot = 7.5/10 (360/PS3)<br/>8.5/10 (PC)<ref name="GSpot_review"/>
| G4 = {{rating|4|5}} <ref name="G4_Review">{{cite web|url=http://g4tv.com/games/xbox-360/61733/fallout-new-vegas/review/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Review - Xbox 360 |date=2010-10-19 |
accessdate=2010-11-18 |publisher=[[G4 (TV channel)|G4]]}}</ref>
| GamePro = {{rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/216971/fallout-new-vegas/|title=Fallout: New Vegas Review from GamePro|publisher=[[GamePro]]|date=October 18, 2010|accessdate=January 18, 2011|first=Tae K.|last=Kim|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20101226114053/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/216971/fallout-new-vegas/|archivedate=2010-12-26}}</ref>
| GSpy = {{rating|4.5|5}}<ref name="Xbox360_GSpy_Review">{{cite web|url=http://uk.xbox360.gamespy.com/xbox-360/fallout-new-vegas/1130264p1.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas super review, Fallout: New Vegas Review, Xbox 360 Reviews |date=2010-10-25 |first=Will |last= Tuttle |accessdate=2010-11-18 |publisher=[[GameSpy]]}}</ref>
| GI = 8.5/10 (Xbox 360)<ref name="Xbox360_GI_Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/fallout_new_vegas/b/xbox360/archive/2010/10/18/war-war-never-changes-and-neither-does-fallout.aspx |title=War. War Never Changes. And Neither Does Fallout - Fallout New Vegas - Xbox 360 - www.GameInformer.com|date=2010-10-18 |accessdate=2010-12-09 |publisher=[[Game Informer]]}}</ref>
| OXM = 9.5/10<ref name="OXM reyes review">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxmonline.com/article/reviews/xbox-360/a-f/fallout-new-vegas |title=Fallout: New Vegas |date=2010-10-20 |accessdate=2010-11-19 |publisher=[[Official Xbox Magazine|OXM]]}}</ref>
| OXMUK = 9/10<ref name="oxmuk-king review">{{cite web|author=King, Ryan|date=2010-10-19|url=http://www.oxm.co.uk/article.php?id=23028 |title=Xbox Review: Fallout: New Vegas - Official Xbox 360 Magazine | work=[[Official Xbox Magazine|Official Xbox Magazine UK]]| accessdate=2010-11-19}}</ref>
| PCGUK = 84%<ref name="PCG Pearson review">{{cite web|author=Pearson, Craig |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/2010/10/19/fallout-new-vegas-review/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas review |date=2010-10-19|accessdate=2010-11-19 |publisher=[[PC Gamer UK]]}}</ref>
<!-- commented out at least until citations are provided
| XPlay = {{rating|4|5}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
-->
<!-- Custom reviewers -->
| rev1 = ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''
| rev1Score = 9/10<ref name="telegraph-cowen review">{{Cite news|author=Cowen, Nick|date=2010-10-26|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/8085244/Fallout-New-Vegas-video-game-review.html|title=Fallout: New Vegas video game review|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=2010-11-18}}</ref>
| rev2 = ''[[The Guardian]]''
| rev2Score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref name="guardian-arnott review">{{Cite news|author=Arnott, Jack|date=2010-10-19|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2010/oct/19/fallout-new-vegas-review|title=Fallout: New Vegas - review <nowiki>|</nowiki> Game Review | work=[[The Guardian]]| accessdate=2010-11-18}}</ref>
| rev3 = [[Giant Bomb]]
| rev3Score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giantbomb.com/fallout-new-vegas/61-25933/reviews/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas Review - Giant Bomb |date=2010-10-18 }}</ref>
<!-- Awards -->
| award1Pub = [[IGN]]
| award1 = Most Bang for Your Buck of 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bestof.ign.com/2010/overall/most-bang-for-your-buck.html |title=Most Bang for Your Buck |accessdate=2011-01-18 |publisher=IGN}}</ref>
| award2Pub = [[Golden Joystick Award]]
| award2 = RPG of the Year 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/golden-joystick-awards-2011-all-winners/|title= RPG of the Year|date=October 21, 2011|accessdate=October 21, 2011|publisher=[[Games Radar]]}}</ref>
}}

{{Expand section|date=October 2010}}

''Fallout: New Vegas'' has received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the gameplay improvements and expanded content over ''Fallout 3'', while criticizing familiarity and technical issues.

[[Eurogamer]] commented that "Obsidian has created a totally compelling world and its frustrations pale into insignificance compared to the immersive, obsessive experience on offer. Just like the scorched scenery that provides its epic backdrop, ''New Vegas'' is huge and sprawling, sometimes gaudy, even downright ugly at times – but always effortlessly, shamelessly entertaining."<ref name="EuroG_review">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-10-19-fallout-new-vegas-review?page=3|title=Fallout: New Vegas|date={{Date|2010-10-19|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2010-10-19|mdy}}|publisher=[[Eurogamer]]|first=Dan|last=Whitehead}}</ref>

[[GameSpot]] comments that "Fallout: New Vegas' familiar rhythm will delight fans of the series, and the huge world, expansive quests, and hidden pleasures will have you itching to see what other joys you might uncover. However, as time wears on, the constant glitches invade almost every element of the game and eventually grow wearisome."<ref name="GSpot_review">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/rpg/falloutnewvegas/review.html?tag=topslot;img;3|title=Fallout: New Vegas Review|date={{Date|2010-10-20|mdy}}|accessdate={{Date|2010-10-19|mdy}}|publisher=[[Gamespot]]|first=Kevin|last=VanOrd}}</ref>

[[Giant Bomb]]'s [[Jeff Gerstmann]] reviewed ''Fallout: New Vegas'' for the Xbox 360 positively, despite its many crash bugs and glitches. "When I reflect on the experience, I'll probably think about the times the game locked up on me or broke in a dozen other crazy ways first, before thinking about the great world and the objectives that fill it. If you were able to look past the issues that plagued ''Fallout 3'' and ''Oblivion'' before it, ''New Vegas'' will eventually show you a real good time."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.giantbomb.com/fallout-new-vegas/61-25933/reviews/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas review |date=2010-10-18 |accessdate=2010-10-18 |publisher=[[Whiskey Media]]}}</ref>

[[1UP.com]]'s Mike Nelson wrote "On one hand, it feels like I can recommend this to any fan of the ''Fallout'' series. I single these fans out because they're willing to forgive silly bugs like meeting characters who walk into walls or occasionally float in mid-air. These fans realize that the game as a whole is greater than the sum of minor graphical anomalies. On the other hand, I simply can't ignore or forgive the game for crashing on me when I walk around the Mojave Wasteland; or for quests that simply can't be completed because of a game glitch; or for making my companions disappear when I need them the most during a battle. These are some of the most frustrating bugs I have ever encountered with any game, especially when attached to a series that I deeply enjoy."<ref name="1UP_Review">{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/do/reviewPage?cId=3182065 |title=Fallout: New Vegas Review |date=2010-20-25 |accessdate=2010-10-26 |publisher=[[1UP.com]]}}</ref>

[[IGN]] scored the console and PC versions 8.5/10 and 9/10 respectively; praising the script, but criticizing the character models and facial animation as "wooden and unbelievable".<ref name="IGN_Review_Console">{{cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Keza |url=http://uk.pc.ign.com/articles/112/1128839p2.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas UK Review |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref><ref name="IGN_ReviewPC">{{cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Keza |url=http://uk.ps3.ign.com/articles/112/1128829p2.html |title=Fallout: New Vegas UK Review |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref>

As of November 8, 2010 the game has shipped 5 million copies worldwide,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/11/08/falout-new-vegas-ships-5-million-more-patches-incoming|title=Fallout: New Vegas ships 5 million, more patches incoming|author=Richard Mitchell}}</ref> achieving revenue of $300 million.<ref name="BSN">{{cite web |last=Valich |first=Theo |url=http://www.brightsideofnews.com/news/2010/11/8/fallout-new-vegas-rakes-24300-million-at-launch2c-2450m2b-online.aspx |title=Fallout: New Vegas Rakes $300 Million at Launch, $50M+ Online |date=10-11-08 |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref>

===Technical issues===
Within hours of the game's release, players of ''Fallout: New Vegas'' began reporting a variety of technical issues (game-saves becoming corrupted, the game freezing, players becoming stuck within the terrain, and random NPCs appearing behind the player, initiating combat out of context.).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.gamespot.com/ps3/rpg/falloutnewvegas/news.html?sid=6282464 |title=Fallout:New Vegas patches arrive |date=2010-10-20 |accessdate=2010-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bethblog.com/index.php/2010/10/22/an-update-on-updates/ |title=An update on updates |date=2010-10-22 | accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref> Bethesda Studios stated that they, in conjunction with Obsidian, were actively working on an update for release "as soon as possible" to address in-game issues. They also urged customers to keep their copies of ''New Vegas'' rather than return them to stores, stating that providing the best possible experience to their users was a priority. Within a week of the original release, a patch was available for PC, Xbox 360, and PS3 versions of the game, which contained over 200 quest and scripting-related fixes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/10/27/fallout-new-vegas-patched-on-consoles/ |title=Fallout: New Vegas patched on consoles | date=October 27, 2010 |accessdate=November 1, 2010}}</ref> The update released on December 14, 2010 has fixed further glitches and save game problems, including companion related bugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/2010/12/14/massive-fallout-new-vegas-patch-has-landed/|title=Massive Fallout: New Vegas Patch Has Landed|date=2010-12-14 |accessdate=2011-02-01}}</ref> Subsequent updates were released in February and April that corrected numerous bugs and gameplay issues.

A patch was released on July 5, 2011 that included a provision that automatically creates a save prior to the endgame sequence. After credits, the user is prompted to load this save game, allowing single save players to play DLC without creating a new game.<ref name="OldWorldBluesScreens">{{cite web|url=http://bethblog.com/index.php/2011/07/05/new-update-screenshots-for-old-world-blues/|title=New update, screenshots for Old World Blues|publisher=[[Bethesda Softworks]]|date=July 5, 2011|accessdate=July 8, 2011}}</ref>{{clear}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://fallout.bethsoft.com/eng/games/fnv-overview.html}}
* [http://www.falloutwiki.com/Portal:Fallout:_New_Vegas Fallout: New Vegas Portal] on [[The Vault (wiki)|The Vault]], the ''Fallout'' wiki
* [http://fallout.wikia.com/Portal:Fallout:_New_Vegas Fallout: New Vegas Portal] on Nukapedia, the ''Fallout'' wiki
* {{IMDb title|1706601}}

{{Fallout}}
{{Gamebryo games}}


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Revision as of 11:17, 13 April 2012

liquid hydrogen
Fallout: New Vegas box art
European box art
Developer(s)Obsidian Entertainment
Bethesda Game Studios (patches)
Publisher(s)Bethesda Softworks (US, UK, ROI), Namco Bandai Games (EU, AU, NZ)[3]
Designer(s)Josh Sawyer (project director), John Gonzalez (creative lead),[4] Chris Avellone, Eric Fenstermaker, Travis Stout (writers)
Composer(s)Inon Zur[5]
SeriesFallout
EngineGamebryo
Platform(s)Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360[6]
Genre(s)Action role-playing, open world
Mode(s)Single-player

Fallout: New Vegas is an action role-playing open world video game developed by Obsidian Entertainment, and published by Bethesda Softworks. The game is based in a post-apocalyptic environment in and around Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in October 2010.[1]

Even though it directly succeeds it in order of Fallout game releases and also shares its engine, Fallout: New Vegas is not a direct sequel to Fallout 3,[8][9] though the game offers a similar action role-playing experience to Fallout 3. The game marks the return of many elements found in previous Fallout titles; many employees of Obsidian Entertainment previously worked for the now-defunct Black Isle Studios on Fallout and Fallout 2.[10]

The game currently holds the record for the most lines of dialogue in a single-player action role-playing game. The game contains around 65,000 lines of dialogue, beating its predecessor and previous record holder Fallout 3 which contained 40,000 lines of dialogue.[11]

Gameplay

See also: Gameplay in Fallout 3

Obsidian Entertainment presents new features and improvements in Fallout: New Vegas that are implemented upon the foundation of Fallout 3. For example, the original Fallout 3 version of the Gamebryo engine was reworked in order to accommodate the extra lights and effects of the New Vegas strip.

The Vault-Tec Assisted Targeting System, or "V.A.T.S.", returns with the addition of several V.A.T.S.-specific attacks.[12][13] Use of certain melee weapons trigger unique animations. Also added are new weapons, a weapon modification system, the ability to use the iron sights on almost all guns (excluding several larger weapons that are shot from the hip) and a better over-the-shoulder view for third-person combat.[14] The modification system allows for modifications such as mounted telescopic sights, rate of fire modifiers and increased magazine size.[14] Crafting also plays a role in weaponry, with the ability to craft ammunition such as hand-loaded rounds. A plant-harvesting system similar to that of The Elder Scrolls series is also in place, allowing the player to use plants to craft special meals, poisons, and medicines.

The quantity of factions prompted developers to reintroduce the reputation system that was absent in Fallout 3.[15] The degree of faction loyalty influences the player's reputation with that faction,[15] which in turn affects the behavior of the faction's non-player characters (NPCs) toward the player and reflects the impacts of selected choices in the world.[15] Karma is also a factor, but is independent of faction reputation (the player can rob a faction member, lowering their karma, but leaving their reputation unchanged assuming they are not caught). Availability of dialog options with NPCs are based upon character attributes, skills, reputation and karma. Skills have a bigger effect on conversation choices.[13] Whether a dialogue option will succeed or fail is shown up front, and entirely dependent on skill level, rather than both skill and chance as seen in Fallout 3.[13]

Companion behavior and tasks are controlled using the new "companion wheel", removing the need to enter conversation to give commands. The new companion wheel offers command execution by selecting commands that are presented in a radial menu. Josh Sawyer states the companion wheel offers ease of companion interaction.[15] Such examples of companion commands include setting and changing combat tactics, default behavior towards foes and usage frequency of available resources. The player can have one humanoid and one non-humanoid companion at the same time and receives a unique perk, or unique advantage, per companion. These companions can be upgraded if the player completes a special quest related to the companion.

In New Vegas, the player can visit casinos to participate in mini-games, including blackjack,[16] slots, and roulette. A card game called Caravan, which was designed specifically for the game, is also playable outside of the casinos.

Hardcore mode

An optional Hardcore mode[17] delivers more realism and intensity into the gaming environment. Game director Josh Sawyer stated that the mode was inspired by several different Fallout 3 mods.[18] As gameplay difficulty is increased, players are encouraged to implement effective strategies, make careful considerations in resource management and combat tactics, and pay high attention to the surrounding environment. Gameplay difficulty is increased in several ways:

  • Stimpaks and other healing items, including food, do not heal the player instantly, but instead work over a period of time.
  • RadAway will also decrease radiation poisoning gradually, rather than instantly.
  • Stimpaks cannot heal crippled limbs. Healing crippled limbs requires a "Doctor's Bag", sleeping on an owned or rented bed, a chem called "Hydra" or visiting a doctor.
  • Ammunition has a weight value.
  • The player character must eat, drink and sleep to avoid starvation, dehydration and exhaustion, with each illness causing various skill decreases.[19]
  • When companions are killed in combat, they do not get back up (unlike in normal difficulty), instead they will be permanently killed.

An achievement (Xbox 360[20]/Steam[21]) or trophy (PlayStation 3)[22] is awarded for completing the game on Hardcore mode.

Synopsis

Setting

Fallout: New Vegas takes place during the year 2281, four years after the events of Fallout 3, and 204 years after the Great War of 2077.[12] The game is set in a post-apocalyptic Las Vegas, Nevada, and the Mojave Desert, which is known as the "Mojave Wasteland". The Mojave Wasteland is roughly the same size as the "Capital Wasteland" in Fallout 3,[12] and is spread across parts of real-world Nevada and Arizona. Part of Fallout and Fallout 2's Core Region also appears in the form of California. Unlike other cities in the Fallout series, Las Vegas was not struck directly by a nuclear attack. Many of its buildings remain intact, and mutation of its inhabitants is minimal.[12]

The city and its surroundings are divided between various factions, but there are three major powers competing for control of the region: The New California Republic (NCR), Caesar's Legion, and Mr. House. The NCR's military, returning from Fallout 2, is now overextended and mismanaged, but controls the majority of territories in the Mojave. The slave-driving, Roman army-styled Caesar's Legion, formed by its leader, Caesar, conquered and united 86 tribes and now plans to conquer New Vegas. Mr. House, the mysterious businessman rumoured to be 200 years old, controls New Vegas with an army of "Securitron" security robots. There are many other factions and groups as well, including the Boomers, a tribe of heavily armed vault dwellers, Powder Gangers, violent groups of escaped convicts, Great Khans, a tribe of drug dealers and raiders, and the Brotherhood of Steel, the technology-craving remnants of the U.S. military.[9][13] Landmarks featured in Fallout: New Vegas include the Hoover Dam, which supplies power to the city,[13] Nellis Air Force Base and the HELIOS One solar energy plant.[17]

Plot

The game places the player in the role of a courier working for the Mojave Express, known simply as "the Courier." While delivering a package with a platinum poker chip to New Vegas, the Courier is ambushed by Benny (voiced by Matthew Perry), leader of one of the casinos in New Vegas, who steals the package, shoots the player in the head, and leaves the body in a shallow grave. A robot named Victor witnesses the shooting and brings the courier to Doctor Mitchell in Goodsprings.[13] At this point, the player enters into character creation and defines the Courier's skills, attributes, name, gender, age and appearance. Although traumatized, the player begins his journey, following Benny to avenge the attack and recover the stolen package, all while exploring the Mojave Wasteland.[15]

The game proceeds according to the player's decisions and involves many different events, factions, and characters, but the main storyline follows the player's pursuit of Benny to both settle the score and retrieve the platinum chip. Eventually, after finding Benny and the chip, the Courier finds himself in the middle of a conflict between three factions: Caesar's Legion, a group of Roman-esque slavers, the New Californian Republic (NCR), an expansionist militia government, and Mr. House, the enigmatic de-facto ruler of New Vegas in command of an army of Securitron robots. Each of the three sides aim to control Hoover Dam, which is still operational and supplying the South West with power and clean, non-irradiated water, and thus control of the dam means effective control of the region. It is revealed that Mr. House, a human from before the Great War and surviving via a contained life support chamber, ordered the platinum chip's delivery before the war. The chip is a data storage device with a program that can upgrade the Securitrons to a greater level of combat effectiveness, and was stolen by Benny as part of a scheme to take over House's security and claim New Vegas for himself with the help of a reprogrammed Securitron, Yes Man.

The player has the option to pursue one of four paths - fighting for NCR, Caesar, Mr. House, or taking up Benny's plans to take New Vegas for their own with Yes Man's assistance. After a line of quests where the player deals with outsider factions to determine their role in a looming battle, the player is notified that Caesar's Legion is attacking Hoover Dam and they must take part to decide the outcome. As the Legion strikes the Dam, led by the fearsome Legate Lanius, the NCR protects its position under General Lee Oliver. Depending on the faction sided with up to the battle the player will either defend the Dam for NCR, conquer it for the Legion, or connect the Dam's systems to House's network so he or Yes Man can take control. The game concludes with a slideshow showing the results of the player's actions, the battle for Hoover Dam deciding the faction that comes to power over New Vegas and the Mojave, and the fates of the various other factions based on how the player negotiated with them and which of the major factions emerged dominant.

Development and marketing

System requirements
Minimum Recommended
Windows
Operating system Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7
CPU Dual-core 2 GHz
Memory 2 GB RAM
Free space 6.9 GB (not including DLC)
Graphics hardware NVIDIA GeForce 6200 128 MB or ATi Radeon X1300 XT 128 MB

Senior producer Jason Bergman revealed that Fallout: New Vegas would use Steamworks for functionality, such as achievements and cloud save storage, with retail PC copies being activated via Steam.[23] The game's story concepts take heavy inspiration from the defunct Van Buren project begun by Black Isle which was intended to be Fallout 3, particularly the presence of Caesar's Legion and Hoover Dam, and the idea that no single faction was entirely good or evil.[24] In a USA Today interview, Bergman announced the involvement of several celebrities including Ron Perlman as the game's ever-present narrator and Wayne Newton as radio DJ "Mr. New Vegas". He also confirmed that the game would include voice acting from Matthew Perry, Zachary Levi, Kris Kristofferson, Danny Trejo, Michael Dorn and Felicia Day.[24] Inon Zur composed the score for the game.[5] It also includes songs such as "(I Got Spurs That) Jingle Jangle Jingle", "Blue Moon", and "Ain't That a Kick in the Head".

On February 4, 2010, Obsidian Entertainment released the Fallout: New Vegas teaser trailer. A second trailer was first shown on GameTrailers TV from E3 on June 11, 2010.[25] Bethesda announced 4 pre-order bonus packs giving specific in-game items, they include the "Classic", "Tribal", "Caravan" and "Mercenary" packs available when pre-ordering at specific outlets.[26]

Collector's Edition

File:Fallout-vegas-special-edition.jpg
Fallout: New Vegas Collector's Edition content

The Collector's Edition was revealed on May 11, 2010.[27] It was distributed worldwide and is available for all three platforms.[27] Its enclosed contents include 7 real clay poker chips from Fallout: New Vegas casinos (one from each of the seven major casinos found on the New Vegas strip and throughout the Mojave Wasteland), a deck of cards each with a character on them with information on that person (the Joker cards featuring Benny and The Courier), a graphic novel leading up to the events of New Vegas, Lucky 38 large platinum chip replica, and a making-of documentary DVD. PS3 version brings this in Blu-ray format. Those who pre-ordered Fallout: New Vegas at GameStop also received a certificate and password for downloadable game content: a Vault 13 water canteen that never needs filling, an Armored Vault 13 Jumpsuit and a Weathered 10mm Pistol.[27]

Ultimate Edition

On November 3, 2011, Bethesda announced Fallout: New Vegas - Ultimate Edition, which will include the game and all of its downloadable content. It was released on February 7, 2012 in North America and February 10 for Germany, Australia, Nordic, and February 24 in UK, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands on Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360..[28]

Downloadable content

On October 18, 2010 Bethesda Softworks announced that Downloadable content (DLC) would be available for New Vegas, in keeping with its predecessor Fallout 3. So far four DLC packs, Dead Money, Honest Hearts, Old World Blues and Lonesome Road, have been released. The Lonesome Road DLC is also crucial to the game as it completes the missing pieces of the story of the main character of the game.

Dead Money

In the first DLC pack, named Dead Money, the Courier is captured by an insane ex-Brotherhood of Steel leader known as "Father" Elijah and must work alongside three[29] other captives to find the fabled treasure of the Sierra Madre Casino.[29] The pack adds new achievements/trophies, perks, terrain, enemies and decisions for the player,[29][30] as well as raising the level cap by 5.[29] Dead Money was released for the Xbox 360 on December 21, 2010[29][30] and for PlayStation 3 and PC (via Steam) on February 22, 2011.[31][32]

Honest Hearts

The second, named Honest Hearts, was released on May 17, 2011 on Xbox Live and Steam and June 2, 2011 on the PSN due to the April—May PSN outage.[33] In Honest Hearts, the Courier is part of an expedition to Utah's Zion National Park, when they are attacked by tribal raiders.[34] While trying to return to the Mojave, the player becomes involved in conflicts between the tribes and between a "New Canaanite" missionary and individual known as the "Burned Man", Caesar's former Legate, who, after losing the first battle of Hoover Dam, was covered in pitch, set on fire, and thrown into the Grand Canyon.[34]

The pack adds new achievements/trophies, perks, terrain, enemies and decisions for the player, as well as raising the level cap by 5. Chris Avellone has confirmed that the locations in Honest Hearts and all DLC's following it will still be accessible even after completing that DLC (in contrast to Dead Money, which is closed off after completing it).[35] The "companion bug", which prevented players from entering Zion, was fixed in the 1.7 update. Players are now able to use an in-game console to dismiss all companions.

After the First Battle of Hoover Dam, Caesar sent Ulysses to Great Salt Lake to rally the White Legs to destroy New Canaan. With his help, the White Legs found a large supply of weapons artillery. The White Legs then destroyed New Canaan, sending Joshua Graham, the Burned Man, and the New Canaanites to the Zion Canyon, where the Dead Horses stand with them against Caesar. The Courier then arrives in the Zion Canyon and meets the Burned Man Joshua Graham who is surprised that it is a different Courier than Ulysses that came to him, as he had figured Ulysses would come to murder him. This sparks the beginning of Honest Hearts.

Old World Blues

In Old World Blues, the Courier unwittingly becomes a lab rat in a science experiment gone awry and discovers how some of the Mojave's mutated creatures came to exist. Old World Blues takes place in the Pre-War research centers of Big Mountain, known colloquially as "the Big Empty" or "Big MT" (where Father Elijah had found most of his equipment prior to Dead Money, such as the bomb collars and the holorifle, along with Christine also from Dead Money). The player can also choose to either turn on their kidnappers or join with them to fight an even greater threat.[36] This pack offers new achievements/trophies, perks, a vast area to explore, and raises the level cap by 5 like the previous two packs. The player can only explore in the area until the main storyline of the DLC has been completed, but after completing it, can return back to the area at will. Old World Blues was released on July 19, 2011.[37]

Old World Blues focuses on the Think Tank, who had captured Father Elijah for brief seconds and had then come into contact with Ulysses who had rescued Christine Royce. Holotapes of Ulysses conversation with Christine were left in the Big Empty. The Courier is then kidnapped by the Think tank and his brain is removed, the Courier is then presented with the choice of either attacking the Think tank or fighting with it against a greater threat, starting the story of Old World Blues.

Lonesome Road

In Lonesome Road, the Courier is contacted by a man named Ulysses, who refused to deliver the Platinum Chip at the beginning of the main game.[36] Initially, Lonesome Road was planned to be released in August 2011; however, the DLC was delayed for unspecified reasons, with senior producer Jason Bergman stating "This isn't due to any major issue with the code or content, but there are lots of factors involved in releasing these things, and one of those is causing us to slip past our intended release date."[38] Bethesda were unable to provide a new release date for the DLC, but did state that it would be released as soon as possible.[38] On August 25, 2011, Bethesda announced that the DLC will be released on September 20, 2011.[39] Lonesome Road will conclude the story of the Courier, the main character of Fallout: New Vegas.[39]

Lonesome Road focuses on Ulysses, a former Frumentarii of Caesar who had discovered the "Divide": a glorious land until the New California Republic annexed it. This caused Caesar to retaliate and send a small army to seize the Divide, resulting in the NCR ordering the Courier to deliver a package which would trap the armies of the NCR and the Legion and turn the Divide into a tornado strewn land full of ghouls, called Marked Men, and other dangers. Ulysses believes the Courier to be responsible for the mess of the Divide and when he is ordered to deliver the Platinum Chip, he realizes Benny's plan and discovers the Courier to be alive. When discovering the Courier isn't dead, Ulysses contacts the Courier and asks him to enter the Divide, evoking the start of Lonesome Road.

Gun Runners' Arsenal and Courier's Stash

On September 27, 2011,[40] Bethesda released two content packs entitled Gun Runners' Arsenal and Courier's Stash.[40][39] Gun Runners' Arsenal adds various new weapons and weapon mods (along with new ammo types) to the game, which can be found throughout the game world.[40][39] Courier's Stash contains all bonus content that was previously only available for pre-ordering the game (the Caravan Pack, Classic Pack, Mercenary Pack and Tribal Pack).[40][39]

J.E. Sawyer's mod

On December 29, 2011, the project director of the game, J.E. Sawyer, released a mod for the PC version of Fallout: New Vegas. The mod adjusts the maximum level cap to 35, halves the rate that the player gains experience points at, reduces base player health, reduces the base weight that the player is able to carry, defines certain characters as good or evil rather than neutral, and makes various other adjustments. These are changes that J.E. Sawyer personally wished to make to the game, and were not released as an official patch. This mod requires the Mod Manager, all DLC, and all pre-order bonus packs in order to work.[41][42]

Reception

Fallout: New Vegas has received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the gameplay improvements and expanded content over Fallout 3, while criticizing familiarity and technical issues.

Eurogamer commented that "Obsidian has created a totally compelling world and its frustrations pale into insignificance compared to the immersive, obsessive experience on offer. Just like the scorched scenery that provides its epic backdrop, New Vegas is huge and sprawling, sometimes gaudy, even downright ugly at times – but always effortlessly, shamelessly entertaining."[52]

GameSpot comments that "Fallout: New Vegas' familiar rhythm will delight fans of the series, and the huge world, expansive quests, and hidden pleasures will have you itching to see what other joys you might uncover. However, as time wears on, the constant glitches invade almost every element of the game and eventually grow wearisome."[54]

Giant Bomb's Jeff Gerstmann reviewed Fallout: New Vegas for the Xbox 360 positively, despite its many crash bugs and glitches. "When I reflect on the experience, I'll probably think about the times the game locked up on me or broke in a dozen other crazy ways first, before thinking about the great world and the objectives that fill it. If you were able to look past the issues that plagued Fallout 3 and Oblivion before it, New Vegas will eventually show you a real good time."[67]

1UP.com's Mike Nelson wrote "On one hand, it feels like I can recommend this to any fan of the Fallout series. I single these fans out because they're willing to forgive silly bugs like meeting characters who walk into walls or occasionally float in mid-air. These fans realize that the game as a whole is greater than the sum of minor graphical anomalies. On the other hand, I simply can't ignore or forgive the game for crashing on me when I walk around the Mojave Wasteland; or for quests that simply can't be completed because of a game glitch; or for making my companions disappear when I need them the most during a battle. These are some of the most frustrating bugs I have ever encountered with any game, especially when attached to a series that I deeply enjoy."[49]

IGN scored the console and PC versions 8.5/10 and 9/10 respectively; praising the script, but criticizing the character models and facial animation as "wooden and unbelievable".[50][51]

As of November 8, 2010 the game has shipped 5 million copies worldwide,[68] achieving revenue of $300 million.[69]

Technical issues

Within hours of the game's release, players of Fallout: New Vegas began reporting a variety of technical issues (game-saves becoming corrupted, the game freezing, players becoming stuck within the terrain, and random NPCs appearing behind the player, initiating combat out of context.).[70][71] Bethesda Studios stated that they, in conjunction with Obsidian, were actively working on an update for release "as soon as possible" to address in-game issues. They also urged customers to keep their copies of New Vegas rather than return them to stores, stating that providing the best possible experience to their users was a priority. Within a week of the original release, a patch was available for PC, Xbox 360, and PS3 versions of the game, which contained over 200 quest and scripting-related fixes.[72] The update released on December 14, 2010 has fixed further glitches and save game problems, including companion related bugs.[73] Subsequent updates were released in February and April that corrected numerous bugs and gameplay issues.

A patch was released on July 5, 2011 that included a provision that automatically creates a save prior to the endgame sequence. After credits, the user is prompted to load this save game, allowing single save players to play DLC without creating a new game.[74]

References

  1. ^ a b c Bramwell, Tom (June 14, 2010). "Fallout: New Vegas dated". Eurogamer. Eurogamer Network Limited. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  2. ^ Ransom, James (2010-10-18). "First Fallout: New Vegas DLC 'exclusive' to Xbox 360". Joystiq. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
  3. ^ "Bethesda Softworks And Namco Bandai Partners S.A.S. Agree To Fallout: New Vegas Distribution Deal" (Press release). Namco Bandai Games. January 28, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  4. ^ "How To Write A Post Apocalyptic RPG, The Fallout: New Vegas Way". Kotaku. Gawker Media. July 23, 2010.
  5. ^ a b Channell, Mike (February 15, 2010). "Fallout: New Vegas developer not dictated by fans". Official Xbox Magazine. Future Publishing. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  6. ^ Ellie Gibson (2009-04-20). "Fallout: New Vegas unveiled News - Page 1". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
  7. ^ "Fallout: New Vegas patch to improve performance and crush dozens of bugs". PC Gamer. July 6, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  8. ^ Tong, Sophia (May 4, 2010). "Fallout: New Vegas Interview: Josh Sawyer" (Video). GameSpot. CBS Interactive.
  9. ^ a b Snider, Mike (February 16, 2010). "What happens in 'Fallout: New Vegas'". USA TODAY. Gannett Company. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  10. ^ Rus McLaughlin (July 21, 2010). "IGN presents the History of Fallout". IGN Entertainment. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  11. ^ Guiness World Records 2011 - Gamer's Edition. Guiness World Records Ltd. 2010. p. 147. ISBN 9781405365468.
  12. ^ a b c d "What happens in New Vegas stays in New Vegas". PlayStation 3 Magazine. United Kingdom: Future Publishing: 22–29. 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Sharkey, Mike (February 8, 2010). "PC Gamer, Developers Talk Fallout: New Vegas". GameSpy. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
  14. ^ a b Stapleton, Dan (2010). Decker, Logan (ed.). "Fallout New Vegas". PC Gamer (199) (199 ed.). United States of America: Future Publishing: 52. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ a b c d e "Fallout: New Vegas PC Games Interview - Video Interview". IGN. IGN Entertainment. April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  16. ^ "How To Win Playing Blackjack for Bottle Caps in Fallout: New Vegas". BlackjackChamp.com. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
  17. ^ a b Brudvig, Erik (April 30, 2010). "Fallout: New Vegas First Look". IGN. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
  18. ^ "Obsidian's Josh Sawyer on Fallout: New Vegas, the Van Buren legacy and learning from mods". gamesauce.org. Gamesauce Media, Inc. September 8, 2010.
  19. ^ "E3 2010 Live: Fallout: New Vegas Demo" (Video). G4. G4 Media, Inc. June 16, 2010.
  20. ^ "Fallout: New Vegas Achievements". Xbox360Achievements.org. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
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