Macclesfield Bank: Difference between revisions
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'''Macclesfield Bank''', also called '''Zhongsha Islands''' ({{zh|s=中沙群島|p=Zhōngshā Qúndǎo|l=Central Sands Islands}}), is an elongated sunken [[atoll]] of underwater reefs and shoals in the [[South China Sea]]. It lies east of the [[Paracel Islands]], southwest of the [[Pratas Islands]] and north of the [[Spratly Islands]]. Its length exceeds {{convert|130|km|0|abbr=on}} southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=on}}. With an area of {{convert|6448|km²|0|abbr=on}} within the outer rim of the reef,<ref name=autogenerated1>[ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/reposit/2001/2001075.pdf List of data for various geographic features] (2001), [http://geosociety.org/ The Geological Society of America].</ref> although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} |
'''Macclesfield Bank''', also called '''Zhongsha Islands''' ({{zh|s=中沙群島|p=Zhōngshā Qúndǎo|l=Central Sands Islands}}), is an elongated sunken [[atoll]] of underwater reefs and shoals in the [[South China Sea]]. It lies east of the [[Paracel Islands]], southwest of the [[Pratas Islands]] and north of the [[Spratly Islands]]. Its length exceeds {{convert|130|km|0|abbr=on}} southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=on}}. With an area of {{convert|6448|km²|0|abbr=on}} within the outer rim of the reef,<ref name=autogenerated1>[ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/reposit/2001/2001075.pdf List of data for various geographic features] (2001), [http://geosociety.org/ The Geological Society of America].</ref> although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} |
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Macclesfield Bank is now administered by the [[Sansha]] |
Macclesfield Bank is now administered by the [[Sansha]] city of Hainan, China. Several natural reserves for fishery have been established at the giant atoll of the bank since 1993, one of which was established at Manbu Ansha or Walker Shoal in 2012. <ref name="海南将在三沙建设海洋生态保护区 ">{{cite news |
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|url = http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-06-24/230524647665.shtml |
|url = http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-06-24/230524647665.shtml |
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|title = 海南将在三沙建设海洋生态保护区 |
|title = 海南将在三沙建设海洋生态保护区 |
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|publisher = 新浪网 |
|publisher = 新浪网 |
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|date = 2012年06月24日 |
|date = 2012年06月24日 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref>。 |
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==Territorial claims== |
==Territorial claims== |
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Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by |
Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by [[China]]<ref name="NYTarticle">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/22/world/asia/china-criticizes-vietnam-in-dispute-over-islands.html?_r=1|date=June 21, 2012|accessdate=June 28, 2012|title=Vietnam Law on Contested Islands Draws China’s Ire|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> and [[Taiwan]] (Republic of China).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/ShowNews/WebNews_Detail.aspx?Type=aALL&TNo=&ID=201205010041|date=May 5, 2012|accessdate=June 28, 2012|title=Taiwan renews sovereignty claim over South China Sea islands|newspaper=Focus Taiwan}}</ref><ref name="USStateDept">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf|date=November 15, 2005|accessdate=July 1, 2012|title=Limits in the Seas - No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims|publisher=United States Department of State}}</ref> |
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Some sources<ref name="USStateDept" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/43171/philippines-protests-china%E2%80%99s-moving-in-on-macclesfield-bank|date=July 6, 2012|accessdate=July 6, 2012|title=Philippines protests China’s moving in on Macclesfield Bank|newspaper=Inquirer.net}}</ref> state that the Philippines claims this underwater feature. However, Jose Zaide, a Philippine diplomat of ambassadorial rank, wrote that the Philippines does not claim the Macclesfield Bank.<ref name=mb_zaide>{{cite news|last=Zaide|first=Jose|title=Saan Siya?|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/365375/saan-siya|accessdate=31 October 2012|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=July 10, 2012}}</ref> |
Some sources<ref name="USStateDept" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/43171/philippines-protests-china%E2%80%99s-moving-in-on-macclesfield-bank|date=July 6, 2012|accessdate=July 6, 2012|title=Philippines protests China’s moving in on Macclesfield Bank|newspaper=Inquirer.net}}</ref> state that the Philippines claims this underwater feature. However, Jose Zaide, a Philippine diplomat of ambassadorial rank, wrote that the Philippines does not claim the Macclesfield Bank.<ref name=mb_zaide>{{cite news|last=Zaide|first=Jose|title=Saan Siya?|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/365375/saan-siya|accessdate=31 October 2012|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=July 10, 2012}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 18:24, 22 January 2013
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| Other names | Zhongsha Islands |
|---|---|
| Geography | |
| Location | South China Sea |
| Coordinates | 16°00′N 114°30′E / 16.000°N 114.500°E |
| Administration | |
People's Republic of China | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | none |
Template:Contains Chinese text
Macclesfield Bank, also called Zhongsha Islands (Chinese: 中沙群島; pinyin: Zhōngshā Qúndǎo; lit. 'Central Sands Islands'), is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals in the South China Sea. It lies east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands. Its length exceeds 130 km (81 mi) southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than 70 km (43 mi). With an area of 6,448 km2 (2,490 sq mi) within the outer rim of the reef,[2] although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world.[citation needed] Macclesfield Bank is now administered by the Sansha city of Hainan, China. Several natural reserves for fishery have been established at the giant atoll of the bank since 1993, one of which was established at Manbu Ansha or Walker Shoal in 2012. [3]。
Geography
The broken coral reef rim of Macclesfield Bank, with a width of up to 8 km (5 mi), has depths of 11.8 m (39 ft) at Pygmy Shoal on the northeast end of the bank and depths of 11.6 to 18 m (59 ft) elsewhere. Within the lagoon, Walker Shoal marks the least known depth of 9.2 metres. In general, the central lagoon is very deep, with depths up to 100 metres.[2]
The elongated atoll consists of:
Definition of Zhongsha Islands
The China's term Zhongsha Islands for the Macclesfield Bank has a wider meaning than the geographic feature or atoll; it includes some geographically separate features: -
To the east, near the Philippines are:
- Scarborough Shoal (Nanyan Dao 南巖島 or Huangyan Dao 黃岩島; 15°11′N 117°46′E / 15.183°N 117.767°E)
- Truro Shoal (Sianfa Ansha or Shianfa Ansha 特魯暗沙; 16°20′N 116°44′E / 16.333°N 116.733°E)
Far to the north are:
- Helen Shoal (Itung Ansha or Yitong Ansha 一統暗沙; 19°12′N 113°53′E / 19.200°N 113.883°E) - It is a few kilometers south of Hong Kong.
- Stewart Shoal (Ssu-ti-wa-erh-t'e Ansha 管事暗灘; 17°20′N 118°50′E / 17.333°N 118.833°E)
- Huangyan Seamount (黃岩海山)
- Shixing Seamount (石星海山)
- Xianbei Seamount (憲北海山)
- Xiannan Seamount (憲南海山)
- Zhangzhong Seamount (漲中海山)
- Zhenbei Seamount (珍貝海山)
To the south, near the Spratly Islands, are:
- Dreyer Shoal (Zhongnan Ansha, 中南暗沙)
- Zhongnan Seamount (中南海山)
- Longnan Seamount (龍南海山)
- Changlong Seamount (長龍海山)
Territorial claims
Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by China[4] and Taiwan (Republic of China).[5][6]
Some sources[6][7] state that the Philippines claims this underwater feature. However, Jose Zaide, a Philippine diplomat of ambassadorial rank, wrote that the Philippines does not claim the Macclesfield Bank.[8]
Some scholars raise questions regarding the legality of these claims since the bank is entirely underwater. "It is questionable whether what lies underwater may be owned" as they challenged the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.[9][10][11][12]
See also
References
- ^ 民政部关于国务院批准设立地级三沙市的公告-中华人民共和国民政部
- ^ a b List of data for various geographic features (2001), The Geological Society of America.
- ^ "海南将在三沙建设海洋生态保护区". 新浪网. 2012年06月24日.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Vietnam Law on Contested Islands Draws China's Ire". The New York Times. June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ "Taiwan renews sovereignty claim over South China Sea islands". Focus Taiwan. May 5, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "Limits in the Seas - No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims" (PDF). United States Department of State. November 15, 2005. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ "Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Inquirer.net. July 6, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ Zaide, Jose (July 10, 2012). "Saan Siya?". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ Poling, Gregory (2012-07-05). "Time to End Strategic Ambiguity in the South China Sea". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
- ^ Seoung-Yong Hong;Jon M. Van Dyke (2009). Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea (Publications on Ocean Development). Brill. p. 149.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chi-kin Lo (1989). China's Policy Towards Territorial Disputes: The Case of the South China Sea Islands. Routledge. p. 25.
- ^ Clive Ralph Symmons (1995). Some Problems Relating to the Definition of "insular Formations" in International Law: Islands and Low-tide Elevations. International Boundaries Research Unit. p. 12.
External links
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