Gynecologic ultrasonography: Difference between revisions
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Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated. This technique is also used in [[transvaginal oocyte retrieval]] to obtain human eggs ([[oocyte]]s) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in [[IVF]]. |
Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated. This technique is also used in [[transvaginal oocyte retrieval]] to obtain human eggs ([[oocyte]]s) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in [[IVF]]. |
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Gynecologic ultrasonography is sometimes [[unnecessary health care|overused]] when it is used to screen for ovarian cancer in women who are not at risk for this cancer.<ref name="ACOGfive">{{Citation |author1 = American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |author1-link = American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |date = |title = Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question |publisher = [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] |work = [[Choosing Wisely]]: an initiative of the [[ABIM Foundation]] |page = |url = http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/ |accessdate = August 1, 2013}}, which cites |
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*{{cite doi|10.1370/afm.200}} |
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*{{citation |last1=Lin |first1=Kenneth |last2=Barton |first2=Mary B. |title=Screening for Ovarian Cancer - Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement |url=http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/ovarian/ovarart.htm |work=AHRQ Publication No. 12-05165-EF-3 |publisher=United States Preventive Services Task Force |accessdate=30 August 2013 |date=April 2012}} |
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*{{cite PMID|19305319}} |
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*{{cite PMID|21343791}}</ref> There is consensus that women with only average risk for ovarian cancer should not be screened with this procedure for cancer.<ref name="ACOGfive"/> |
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'''Sonohysterography{{anchor|Sonohysterography}}''' is a specialized procedure by which fluid, usually sterile saline, is installed into the uterine cavity, and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time. The procedure delineates intrauterine pathology such as [[Endometrial polyp|polyp]]s, [[Asherman's syndrome]], [[uterine malformation]]s or submucous [[leiomyoma]]. |
'''Sonohysterography{{anchor|Sonohysterography}}''' is a specialized procedure by which fluid, usually sterile saline, is installed into the uterine cavity, and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time. The procedure delineates intrauterine pathology such as [[Endometrial polyp|polyp]]s, [[Asherman's syndrome]], [[uterine malformation]]s or submucous [[leiomyoma]]. |
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Revision as of 18:31, 20 September 2013
 | This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (October 2012) |  |
| Gynecologic ultrasonography | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Left hydrosalpinx on gyn. ultrasonography | |
| ICD-9-CM | 88.76, 88.79 |
| OPS-301 code | 3-05d |
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the Fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the Pouch of Douglas. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.
Routes
The examination can be performed transabdominally, generally with a full bladder which acts as an acoustic window to achieve better visualization of pelvis organs, or transvaginally with a specifically designed vaginal transducer. Transvaginal imaging utilizes a higher frequency imaging, which gives better resolution of the ovaries, uterus and endometrium (the fallopian tubes are generally not seen unless distended), but is limited to depth of image penetration, whereas larger lesions reaching into the abdomen are better seen transabdominally. Having a full bladder for the transabdominal portion of the exam is helpful because sound travels through fluid with less attenuation to better visualize the uterus and ovaries which lies posteriorly to the bladder. The procedure is by definition invasive when performed transvaginally. Scans are performed by health care professionals called sonographers, or gynecologists trained in ultrasound.
Applications
Gynecologic sonography is used extensively:
- to assess pelvic organs,
- to diagnose acute appendicitis[1]
- to diagnose and manage gynecologic problems including endometriosis, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts and lesions,
- to identify adnexal masses, including ectopic pregnancy,
- to diagnose gynecologic cancer
- in infertility treatments to track the response of ovarian follicles to fertility medication (i.e. Pergonal). However, it often underestimates the true ovarian volume.[2]
Through transvaginal sonography ovarian cysts can be aspirated. This technique is also used in transvaginal oocyte retrieval to obtain human eggs (oocytes) through sonographic directed transvaginal puncture of ovarian follicles in IVF.
Gynecologic ultrasonography is sometimes overused when it is used to screen for ovarian cancer in women who are not at risk for this cancer.[3] There is consensus that women with only average risk for ovarian cancer should not be screened with this procedure for cancer.[3]
Sonohysterography is a specialized procedure by which fluid, usually sterile saline, is installed into the uterine cavity, and gynecologic sonography performed at the same time. The procedure delineates intrauterine pathology such as polyps, Asherman's syndrome, uterine malformations or submucous leiomyoma.
See also
References
- ^ Caspi, B.; Zbar, AP.; Mavor, E.; Hagay, Z.; Appelman, Z. (2003). "The contribution of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: an observational study". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 21 (3): 273–6. doi:10.1002/uog.72. PMID 12666223.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Rosendahl M, Ernst E, Rasmussen PE, Yding Andersen C (2008). "True ovarian volume is underestimated by two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement". Fertil. Steril. 93 (3): 995–998. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.055. PMID 19108822.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, retrieved August 1, 2013, which cites
- Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1370/afm.200, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1370/afm.200instead. - Lin, Kenneth; Barton, Mary B. (April 2012), "Screening for Ovarian Cancer - Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", AHRQ Publication No. 12-05165-EF-3, United States Preventive Services Task Force, retrieved 30 August 2013
- Template:Cite PMID
- Template:Cite PMID
- Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1370/afm.200, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
