The Pursuit of Happyness

For other uses, see The Pursuit of Happiness (disambiguation).

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Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Gabriele Muccino
Written by	Steven Conrad
Produced by	Will Smith Todd Black Jason Blumenthal James Lassiter Steve Tisch
Starring	Will Smith Thandie Newton Jaden Smith
Cinematography	Phedon Papamichael
Edited by	Hughes Winborne
Music by	Andrea Guerra
Production companies	Relativity Media Overbrook Entertainment Escape Artists
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release date	December 15, 2006 (2006-12-15)
Running time	117 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$55 million
Box office	$307,077,295

The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American biographical drama film based on Chris Gardner's nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. Directed by Gabriele Muccino, the film features Will Smith as Gardner, an on-and-off-homeless salesman. Smith's son Jaden Smith co-stars, making his film debut as Gardner's son, Christopher Jr. Will Smith and Jaden Smith later appeared together in the film After Earth.

The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir written by Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures. For his performance, Smith was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor.

The unusual spelling of the film's title comes from a mural that Gardner sees on the wall outside the daycare facility his son attends. He complains to the owner of the daycare that "happiness" is incorrectly spelled as "happyness" and needs to be changed.

Plot

In 1981, San Francisco, salesman Chris Gardner (Will Smith) invests his entire life savings in portable bone-density scanners which he demonstrates to doctors and pitches as a handy quantum leap over standard X-rays (the scanners play a vital role, despite being called "time machines" by Max Watson, and "fire" by Chris). While he is able to sell most of them, the time lag between the sales and his growing financial demands enrage his already bitter and alienated wife Linda (Thandie Newton), who works as a hotel maid. The lack of a stable financial state increasingly erodes their marriage, in spite of them caring for their five-year old son, Christopher (Jaden Smith).

While downtown trying to sell one of the scanners, Gardner meets Jay Twistle (Brian Howe), a manager for Dean Witter Reynolds and impresses him by solving a Rubik's Cube during a short taxi ride. After Jay leaves, Gardner lacks money to pay the fare, and chooses to run, resulting in the driver chasing him into a subway station. Gardner boards a train but loses one of his scanners in the process. His new relationship with Jay earns him the chance to become an intern stockbroker. The day before the interview, Gardner grudgingly agrees to paint his apartment so as to postpone moving out due to his difficulty in paying the rent. While painting, Gardner is greeted by the police at his doorstep, who brings him to the station, stating he has to pay for his numerous parking tickets he has accumulated. As part of the sanction, Gardner is ordered to spend the night in jail, complicating his schedule for the interview the next morning. He manages to arrive at Dean Witter's office on time, albeit still in his shabby clothes. Despite his appearance, he impresses the interviewers, and lands an internship. He will be amongst 20 interns competing for a paid position as a broker.

Gardner's unpaid internship does not please Linda, who eventually leaves for New York. After Gardner bluntly says she is incapable of being a single mother, she agrees that Christopher will remain with his father. Gardner is further set back when his bank account is garnished by the IRS for unpaid income taxes, and he and his young son are evicted. He ends up with less than thirty dollars, resulting in them being homeless, and are forced at one point to stay in a restroom at a subway station. Other days, he and Christopher spend nights at a homeless shelter, in a subway, or, if he manages to procure cash, at a hotel. Later, Gardner finds the bone scanner that he lost in the subway station and, after repairing it, sells it to a physician, thus completing all his sales of his scanners.

Disadvantaged by his limited work hours, and knowing that maximizing his client contacts and profits is the only way to earn the broker position, Gardner develops a number of ways to make phone sales calls more efficiently, including reaching out to potential high value customers, defying protocol. One sympathetic prospect who is a top-level pension fund manager even takes him and his son to a San Francisco 49ers game. Regardless of his challenges, he never reveals his lowly circumstances to his colleagues, even going so far as to lend one of his bosses five dollars for a cab, a sum he cannot afford. Concluding his internship, Gardner is called into a meeting with his managers. One of them notes he is wearing a new shirt. Gardner explains it is his last day and thought to dress for the occasion. The manager smiles and says he should wear it again tomorrow, letting him know he has won the coveted full-time position. Fighting back tears, Gardner shakes hands with them, then rushes to his son's daycare to embrace Christopher. They walk down the street, joking with each other and are passed by a man in a business suit (the real Chris Gardner in a cameo appearance). The epilogue reveals that Gardner went on to form his own multi-million dollar brokerage firm.

Cast

• Will Smith as Chris Gardner
• Jaden Smith as Christopher Gardner Jr.
• Thandie Newton as Linda Gardner
• Brian Howe as Jay
• Dan Castellaneta as Alan Frakesh
• James Karen as Martin Frohm
• Kurt Fuller as Walter Ribbon
• Takayo Fischer as Mrs. Chu

Production

The film is based on the story Chris Gardner's struggle with homelessness

Development

Chris Gardner realized his story had Hollywood potential after an overwhelming national response to an interview he did with 20/20 in January 2002. He published his autobiography on May 23, 2006, and later became an associate producer for the film. The movie took some liberties with Gardner's true life story. Certain details and events that actually took place over the span of several years were compressed into a relatively short time and although eight-year-old Jaden portrayed Chris as a five-year-old, Gardner's son was just a toddler at the time.

Casting

Chris Gardner reportedly thought Smith, an actor best known for his performances in action movies, was miscast to play him. However, he said his daughter Jacintha "set him straight" by saying, "If Smith can play Muhammad Ali, he can play you!"

Filming

Gardner makes a cameo appearance in the film, walking past Will and Jaden in the final scene. Gardner and Will acknowledge each other; Will then looks back at Gardner walking away as his son proceeds to tell him knock-knock jokes.

Music

Varèse Sarabande released a soundtrack album with the score composed by Andrea Guerra on January 9, 2007.

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Opening"	3:09
2.	"Being Stupid"	1:39
3.	"Running"	1:30
4.	"Trouble at Home"	1:30
5.	"Rubiks Cube Taxi"	1:53
6.	"Park Chase"	2:29
7.	"Linda Leaves"	4:02
8.	"Night at Police Station"	1:36
9.	"Possibly"	1:45
10.	"Where's My Shoe"	4:20
11.	"To the Game/Touchdown"	1:37
12.	"Locked Out"	2:20
13.	"Dinosaurs"	2:40
14.	"Homeless"	1:55
15.	"Happyness"	3:50
16.	"Welcome Chris"	3:45
Total length:		40:00

Also in the film are brief portions of "Higher Ground" and "Jesus Children of America", both sung by Stevie Wonder, and "Lord, Don't Move the Mountain" by Mahalia Jackson and Doris Akers, sung by the Glide Ensemble.

Deviation from actual events

Although generally faithful to the series of events, many subtle details deviate from the actual event.

Examples include:

• The age of Chris' son: in the film he is five years old whereas in reality he was two years old.
• The arrest of Chris: in the film he was arrested for unpaid parking tickets whereas in reality he was visited by police on charges of domestic abuse and later found to have unpaid parking tickets.
• The income of Chris: in the film he is shown selling bone density scanners whereas in reality, while he sold medical supplies, he never sold a bone density scanner.
• Chris' son, though portrayed as being from his relationship with his estranged wife, was in reality the result of an affair between Chris and Jackie Medina, a Dental student, during their marriage.

Release

Box office

The film debuted first at the North American box office, earning $27 million during its opening weekend and beating out heavily promoted films such as Eragon and Charlotte's Web. It was Smith's sixth consecutive #1 opening and one of Smith's consecutive $100 million blockbusters. The film grossed $162,586,036 domestically in the US and Canada. In the hope Gardner's story would inspire the down-trodden citizens of Chattanooga, Tennessee to achieve financial independence and to take greater responsibility for the welfare of their families, the mayor of Chattanooga organized a viewing of the film for the city's homeless. Gardner himself felt that it was imperative to share his story for the sake of its widespread social issues. "When I talk about alcoholism in the household, domestic violence, child abuse, illiteracy, and all of those issues—those are universal issues; those are not just confined to ZIP codes," he said.

Home media

The film was released on DVD on March 27, 2007 and as of November 2007, US Region 1 DVD sales accounted for an additional $89,923,088 in revenue, slightly less than half of what was earned in its first week of release. About 5,570,577 units have been sold, bringing in $90,582,602 in revenue.

Reception

Critical response

The film was received generally positively by critics. Film review site Rotten Tomatoes calculated a 67% overall approval based on 171 reviews.

In the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle observed, "The great surprise of the picture is that it's not corny . . . The beauty of the film is its honesty. In its outlines, it's nothing like the usual success story depicted on-screen, in which, after a reasonable interval of disappointment, success arrives wrapped in a ribbon and a bow. Instead, this success story follows the pattern most common in life — it chronicles a series of soul-sickening failures and defeats, missed opportunities, sure things that didn't quite happen, all of which are accompanied by a concomitant accretion of barely perceptible victories that gradually amount to something. In other words, it all feels real."

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the film "a fairy tale in realist drag . . . the kind of entertainment that goes down smoothly until it gets stuck in your craw . . . It's the same old bootstraps story, an American dream artfully told, skillfully sold. To that calculated end, the film making is seamless, unadorned, transparent, the better to serve Mr. Smith's warm expressiveness . . . How you respond to this man's moving story may depend on whether you find Mr. Smith's and his son's performances so overwhelmingly winning that you buy the idea that poverty is a function of bad luck and bad choices, and success the result of heroic toil and dreams."

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film three out of a possible four stars and commented, "Smith is on the march toward Oscar . . . [His] role needs gravity, smarts, charm, humor and a soul that's not synthetic. Smith brings it. He's the real deal."

In Variety, Brian Lowry said the film "is more inspirational than creatively inspired—imbued with the kind of uplifting, afterschool-special qualities that can trigger a major toothache . . . Smith's heartfelt performance is easy to admire. But the movie's painfully earnest tone should skew its appeal to the portion of the audience that, admittedly, has catapulted many cloying TV movies into hits . . . In the final accounting, [it] winds up being a little like the determined salesman Mr. Gardner himself: easy to root for, certainly, but not that much fun to spend time with."

Kevin Crust of the Los Angeles Times stated, "Dramatically it lacks the layering of a Kramer vs. Kramer, which it superficially resembles . . . Though the subject matter is serious, the film itself is rather slight, and it relies on the actor to give it any energy. Even in a more modest register, Smith is a very appealing leading man, and he makes Gardner's plight compelling . . . The Pursuit of Happyness is an unexceptional film with exceptional performances . . . There are worse ways to spend the holidays, and, at the least, it will likely make you appreciate your own circumstances."

In the St. Petersburg Times, Steve Persall graded the film B- and added, "[It] is the obligatory feel-good drama of the holiday season and takes that responsibility a bit too seriously . . . the film lays so many obstacles and solutions before its resilient hero that the volume of sentimentality and coincidence makes it feel suspect . . . Neither Conrad's script nor Muccino's redundant direction shows [what] lifted the real-life Chris above better educated and more experienced candidates, but it comes through in the earnest performances of the two Smiths. Father Will seldom comes across this mature on screen; at the finale, he achieves a measure of Oscar-worthy emotion. Little Jaden is a chip off the old block, uncommonly at ease before the cameras. Their real-life bond is an inestimable asset to the on-screen characters' relationship, although Conrad never really tests it with any conflict."

National Review Online has named the film #7 in its list of 'The Best Conservative Movies'. Linda Chavez of the Center for Equal Opportunity wrote, "this film provides the perfect antidote to Wall Street and other Hollywood diatribes depicting the world of finance as filled with nothing but greed."

Accolades

Award	Category	Subject	Result
Academy Award	Best Actor	Will Smith	Nominated
BET Award	Best Actor		Nominated
Black Reel Award	Best Film		Nominated
	Best Actor	Will Smith	Nominated
	Best Breakthrough Performance	Jaden Smith	Nominated
Broadcast Film Critics Association Award	Best Actor	Will Smith	Nominated
	Best Young Performer	Jaden Smith	Nominated
Capri Award	Movie of the Year		Won
Chicago Film Critics Association Award	Best Actor	Will Smith	Nominated
David di Donatello Award	Best Foreign Film		Nominated
Golden Globe Award	Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama	Will Smith	Nominated
MTV Movie Award	Best Male Performance		Nominated
	Best Breakthrough Performance	Jaden Smith	Won
NAACP Image Award	Outstanding Motion Picture		Won
	Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture	Will Smith	Nominated
	Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture	Jaden Smith	Nominated
	Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture	Thandie Newton	Nominated
Nastro d'Argento	Best Score	Andrea Guerra	Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Award	Best Young Actor	Jaden Smith	Won
Screen Actors Guild Award	Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role	Will Smith	Nominated
Teen Choice Award	Choice Movie - Drama		Won
	Choice: Chemistry	Will Smith	Won
		Jaden Smith	Won
	Choice: Breakout Male		Won

See also

• List of American films of 2006

External links

• The Pursuit of Happyness at AllMovie
• The Pursuit of Happyness at IMDb
• The Pursuit of Happyness at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Pursuit of Happyness at Metacritic