Ehud: Difference between revisions
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{{other uses|Ehud (given name)}} |
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banana |
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[[File:19 Ehud kills Eglon - Judges 3 21 - Ford Madox Brown.jpg|thumb|right|330px|Illustration by [[Ford Madox Brown]] of Ehud assassinating [[Eglon (king)|Eglon]].]] |
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'''Ehud ben‑Gera''' ({{lang-he-n|אֵהוּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא}}, <small>[[Hebrew language#Modern Israeli Hebrew|Standard]]</small> ''Ehud ben‑Gera'' <small>[[Tiberian vocalization|Tiberian]]</small> ''{{unicode|ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ}}'') is described in the [[Bible|biblical]] [[Book of Judges]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%203:12-28&version=KJV |title=Judges 3:12-28 (King James Version) |publisher=BibleGateway.com}}</ref> as a judge who was sent by God to deliver the Israelites from [[Moab]]ite domination. |
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==Biblical narrative== |
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(See Judges 3:12-30) - Ehud was sent to the Moabite King [[Eglon (king)|Eglon]] on the pretext of delivering the Israelites' annual [[tribute]]. He made a double-edged shortsword about eighteen inches long, useful for a stabbing thrust. Being [[left-handed]], he could conceal the sword on his right thigh, where it was not expected. Once they met, Ehud told Eglon he had a secret message for him. Eglon dismissed his attendants and allowed Ehud to meet him in private. Ehud said, "I have a message from God for you", drew his sword, and stabbed the king in his abdomen. Eglon was eviscerated by the blow, which caused him to leak excrement;<ref>The meaning of the Hebrew word פַּרְשְׁדֹנָה (parshÿdonah) which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain. The word may be an architectural term, indicating the area into which Ehud moved as he left the king and began his escape. Some take the noun as “back,” and understand “sword” (from the preceding clause) as the subject, and translate “the sword came out his back.” Another theory is that the word refers to excrement coming out of the body. The [[King James Version]] uses the euphemism of "dirt". [[Young's Literal Translation]] more cryptically states that "it goeth out at the fundament". Earlier revisions of the [[New International Version]], among others,{{which|date=October 2012}} attempt no translation.</ref> he was so overweight that the sword disappeared into the wound and Ehud left it there. He locked the doors to the king's chamber and left. |
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{{Book of Judges}} |
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Eglon's assistants returned when too much time had elapsed and found the doors locked. Assuming that he was relieving himself, they waited "to the point of embarrassment" before unlocking the door and finding their king dead. |
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Ehud escaped to the town of |
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[[Seraiah]] in [[Ephraim]]. He sounded the [[shofar]] and rallied the Israelite tribes, who killed the [[Moabites]], cutting off the fords of the [[Jordan River]], and invaded [[Moab]] itself, killing about 10,000 Moabite soldiers. |
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After the death of Eglon there was peace in the land for 80 years. |
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== Biblical criticism == |
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Coogan argues that the story of Ehud was probably a folk tale of local origin that was edited by the [[Deuteronomist|Deuteronomistic historians]].<ref name=coogan176>Coogan, M. A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context . Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2009. pp.176.</ref> The Deuteronomistic historians “incorporated a variety of previously existing sources into their narrative of life in early Israel”<ref name=coogan176/> and the story of Ehud is one such example of a “previously existing source”,<ref name=coogan176/> that has been edited to include “the cyclical pattern” typical of the stories of the major judges.<ref name=nelson352>Nelson, Richard D. Harper Collins Study Bible, Revised Edition . HarperCollins: New York, 2006. pp.352.</ref> This pattern consists of '''apostasy''', '''hardship''', '''crying out to the Lord''', and '''rescue'''<ref>Nelson, Richard D. Harper Collins Study Bible, Revised Edition . HarperCollins: New York, 2006. pp.350.</ref> and it is clearly present in the tale of Ehud: '''apostasy''' and '''hardship''' occur in Judges 3.12, “The Israelites again did what was evil in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord strengthened King Eglon of Moab against Israel.” The '''“crying out to the Lord”''' and the subsequent '''rescue''' are evident in Judges 3.15: “but when the Israelites cried out to the Lord, the Lord raised up for them a deliverer, Ehud son of Gera.” The rather lively and humorous tale is ended with the refrain of “and the land had rest 80 years,” (Judges 3.30) an editorially constructed ending typical to [[Gideon]] and other “major” judge stories in the book of Judges.<ref name=nelson352/> |
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Dr Barry Webb of [[Moore Theological College]] sees Ehud as 'directed by the Lord, who used this most unlikely hero to bring deliverance to his undeserving but desperate people'.<ref>[[Inter-Varsity Press]] New Bible Commentary p.269</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
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[[Ehud (given name)|The etymology of Ehud's name]] is unknown. According to [[Amos Hakham]], medieval rabbis favored one of two explanations, but neither of these are accepted by contemporary linguists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.balashon.com/2007/01/ohad-and-ehud.html |title=Ohad and Ehud |publisher=Balashon - Hebrew Language Detective |date=January 16, 2007}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Biblical judges]] |
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*[[Book of Judges]] |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
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* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=689&letter=J&search=Judges Book of Judges article] of the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]] |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{s-hou|[[Tribe of Benjamin]]|||||}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Othniel Ben Kenaz|Othniel]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Biblical judges|Judge of Israel]]}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Shamgar]]}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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[[Category:Regicides]] |
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[[Category:Judges of ancient Israel]] |
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[[Category:Book of Judges]] |
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Revision as of 16:23, 17 February 2015
Ehud ben‑Gera (Template:Lang-he-n, Standard Ehud ben‑Gera Tiberian ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ) is described in the biblical Book of Judges[1] as a judge who was sent by God to deliver the Israelites from Moabite domination.
Biblical narrative
(See Judges 3:12-30) - Ehud was sent to the Moabite King Eglon on the pretext of delivering the Israelites' annual tribute. He made a double-edged shortsword about eighteen inches long, useful for a stabbing thrust. Being left-handed, he could conceal the sword on his right thigh, where it was not expected. Once they met, Ehud told Eglon he had a secret message for him. Eglon dismissed his attendants and allowed Ehud to meet him in private. Ehud said, "I have a message from God for you", drew his sword, and stabbed the king in his abdomen. Eglon was eviscerated by the blow, which caused him to leak excrement;[2] he was so overweight that the sword disappeared into the wound and Ehud left it there. He locked the doors to the king's chamber and left.
Eglon's assistants returned when too much time had elapsed and found the doors locked. Assuming that he was relieving himself, they waited "to the point of embarrassment" before unlocking the door and finding their king dead.
Ehud escaped to the town of Seraiah in Ephraim. He sounded the shofar and rallied the Israelite tribes, who killed the Moabites, cutting off the fords of the Jordan River, and invaded Moab itself, killing about 10,000 Moabite soldiers.
After the death of Eglon there was peace in the land for 80 years.
Biblical criticism
Coogan argues that the story of Ehud was probably a folk tale of local origin that was edited by the Deuteronomistic historians.[3] The Deuteronomistic historians “incorporated a variety of previously existing sources into their narrative of life in early Israel”[3] and the story of Ehud is one such example of a “previously existing source”,[3] that has been edited to include “the cyclical pattern” typical of the stories of the major judges.[4] This pattern consists of apostasy, hardship, crying out to the Lord, and rescue[5] and it is clearly present in the tale of Ehud: apostasy and hardship occur in Judges 3.12, “The Israelites again did what was evil in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord strengthened King Eglon of Moab against Israel.” The “crying out to the Lord” and the subsequent rescue are evident in Judges 3.15: “but when the Israelites cried out to the Lord, the Lord raised up for them a deliverer, Ehud son of Gera.” The rather lively and humorous tale is ended with the refrain of “and the land had rest 80 years,” (Judges 3.30) an editorially constructed ending typical to Gideon and other “major” judge stories in the book of Judges.[4]
Dr Barry Webb of Moore Theological College sees Ehud as 'directed by the Lord, who used this most unlikely hero to bring deliverance to his undeserving but desperate people'.[6]
Etymology
The etymology of Ehud's name is unknown. According to Amos Hakham, medieval rabbis favored one of two explanations, but neither of these are accepted by contemporary linguists.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "Judges 3:12-28 (King James Version)". BibleGateway.com.
- ^ The meaning of the Hebrew word פַּרְשְׁדֹנָה (parshÿdonah) which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain. The word may be an architectural term, indicating the area into which Ehud moved as he left the king and began his escape. Some take the noun as “back,” and understand “sword” (from the preceding clause) as the subject, and translate “the sword came out his back.” Another theory is that the word refers to excrement coming out of the body. The King James Version uses the euphemism of "dirt". Young's Literal Translation more cryptically states that "it goeth out at the fundament". Earlier revisions of the New International Version, among others,[which?] attempt no translation.
- ^ a b c Coogan, M. A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context . Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2009. pp.176.
- ^ a b Nelson, Richard D. Harper Collins Study Bible, Revised Edition . HarperCollins: New York, 2006. pp.352.
- ^ Nelson, Richard D. Harper Collins Study Bible, Revised Edition . HarperCollins: New York, 2006. pp.350.
- ^ Inter-Varsity Press New Bible Commentary p.269
- ^ "Ohad and Ehud". Balashon - Hebrew Language Detective. January 16, 2007.