User:Deisenbe/sandbox

America Is Hard to See (play)

Not to be confused with the 1950 movie of the same name by. Emile de Antonio , or the 2015 exhibition of the same title at the Whitney Museum of American Art.

America Is Hard to See is a off-broadway documentary play with eleven "musical moments", sung by the cast members, accompanying themselves on a piano, two acoustic guitars, and a banjo. It played at the Here Arts Center in New York from January 30 through February 24, 2018. It runs for 90 minutes, with no intermission.

The play is set in Miracle Village, a small community of sex offenders, located in the middle of sugar cane fields near rural Pahokee, Florida. The isolated community, which though small is the largest such community in the United States, formerly housed sugar cane workers, now replaced by machines. It was chosen because of its isolation, because laws in Florida, which takes pride in being the state most hostile to sex offenders, restrict, sometimes severely, where they can live. (See Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony.)

In a review, the New York Times called it "an Our Town with sex offenders". Similar to Our Town, which is mentioned in the program notes, it is performed with minimal set and costumes. All the music is performed and sung by the characters themselves; the male lead was formerly a high school choir director.

Before the play begins, audience members are invited to walk on what set there is: a map covering the floor, showing the streets and houses of Miracle Village.

The script is by Travis Russ, who is also the director. Music and lyrics are by Priscilla Holbrook. Every line of every song is taken from the not necessarily reliable autobiographical statements by residents of their sex crimes, many of which have been published, Methodist hymns, or sermons of Methodist minister Patti Auperlee, who welcomed them into her church.

The topic of the play is whether God requires us to forgive anyone repentant, or if there are crimes which can never be forgiven. The title of the musical is a line from a poem of Robert Frost.

External links

[NPR Interview with the director and cast]

https://vimeo.com/251093584 3:47

Visit to Pahokee

• http://howlround.com/creating-theatre-from-reality-the-challenge-of-documentary-theatre. Interview

Workshop

• https://www.brendan-dalton.com/news.html

Preproduction

• https://www.manhattanexpressnews.nyc/putting-topic-terrific-show/. Artists in residence (check)
• http://bartonbooth.com/makeroom

https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/theatre/america-is-hard-to-see-3

http://www.playbill.com/article/off-broadways-america-is-hard-to-see-shines-light-on-life-inside-miracle-village. Jnuary 2

http://www.clydefitchreport.com/2018/02/miracle-village-off-broadway/. February 2

Fordham Jan 25. http://www.wfuv.org/content/miracle-village-america-hard-see

http://www.hudsonsquarebid.org/neighborhood/event/the-making-of-america-is-hard-to-see/ Includes credits

Methodist church https://www.flumc.org/newsdetail/miracle-village-story-takes-center-stage-in-nyc-11103306. Official music video

Announcementa of show

• http://www.playbill.com/article/off-broadways-america-is-hard-to-see-shines-light-on-life-inside-miracle-village
• https://newplayexchange.org/users/13548/travis-russ

Long Reviews

• https://nyc.epeak.in/2018/02/22/placing-a-florida-sex-offender-community-on-the-new-york-stage/
• https://gaycitynews.nyc/putting-topic-terrific-show/
• https://www.manhattanexpressnews.nyc/putting-topic-terrific-show/ (same as preceding?)
• https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2018/2/11/1740626/-Miracle-Village-Embodying-Sex-Offenders-on-the-NYC-Stage

on miracle village

https://www.gq.com/story/sex-offender-community 2015

https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/22/opinion/sex-offender-village.html

interviews (recordings)

• https://tweettunnel.com/lifejacketnyc. (Several)
• https://www.facebook.com/roadsterstheater/. More than 1

Fordham

• Fordham : https://player.fm/series/fordham-conversations/america-is-hard-to-see.
• https://us.ivoox.com/es/america-is-hard-to-see-audios-mp3_rf_23364553_1.html
• https://podtail.com/podcast/fordham-conversations/america-is-hard-to-see/

2016: http://irttheater.org/3b-development-series/america-is-hard-to-see/

January 30: http://www.playbill.com/article/life-jacket-theatre-companys-america-is-hard-to-see-begins-off-broadway

2017 casting call: https://www.backstage.com/casting/america-is-hard-to-see-151569/

Long: http://bedfordandbowery.com/2018/02/placing-a-florida-sex-offender-community-on-the-new-york-stage/

Brief review Feb. 24: http://www.adriandimanlig.com/the-hangover-report-life-jacket-theatre-companys-america-is-hard-to-see-is-a-gentle-tough-minded-docudrama/ From Here theater: http://here.org/shows/detail/1927/ Includes video

https://www.andrewdawson.net/andrewdawsonblog/2016/10/america-is-hard-to-see-life-jacket.html

From Life Jacket: http://www.lifejackettheatre.org/america-is-hard-to-see/. Includes Vimeo

Press Kit: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57606cf32b8ddea046415b36/t/5b0853078a922d37c7a10fb9/1527272217318/AMERICA+Press+Kit.pdf

https://www.yesbroadway.com/archivefeed/americaishardtosee

YouTube: https://floridaactioncommittee.org/america-is-hart-to-see/

Broadway World interview with Russ: https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/BWW-Interview-Life-Jacket-Theatres-Travis-Russ-Discusses-Bringing-True-Stories-to-the-Stage-in-AMERICA-IS-HARD-TO-SEE-20180213

Twitter WATCH: @lifejacketnyc - 07/04/2018 03:18pm "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming s� https:// https://www.broadwayworld.com/shows/America-is-Hard-to-See-332519.html

7 reviews: https://www.show-score.com/off-off-broadway-shows/america-is-hard-to-see Includes trailer on Vimeo 6:18. Includes clothing designer. Attendee: “There is something compelling by this work that attempts to demonstrate the humanity of sexual abusers sentenced to a life of being outsiders, often unable to get jobs or unable to travel or live where they may like, by focusing on an actual community in Florida designed for former sex offenders. They may be unredeemable in society's eyes, but the play shows how their needs, dreams, and wishes resemble everyone else's. The actors convey the characters' own self-loathing and frustration as well as their yearning to connect and not be alone, and a few cases in which people do open their minds and hearts to them, sometimes with great difficulty.“

Interview with Parenteau: https://www.culturebot.org/2018/02/28082/my-experience-working-on-america-is-hard-to-see/

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/theater/review-america-is-hard-to-see-travis-russ.html

https://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/news/america-is-hard-to-see-opens-off-broadway_83963.html

Theatermania review: https://www.theatermania.com/off-broadway/reviews/a-colony-of-sex-offenders-takes-the-stage-in-ameri_83943.html

Stageleft review with part of Frost poem: https://www.stageleft.nyc/blog/2018/2/19/review-america-is-hard-to-see

Full poem: http://www.nyculturebeat.com/?document_srl=3244389&mid=Column_PoetryWindow

civil commitment

http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/4/5/florida-becomes-theharsheststateforsexoffenders.html

on sex offenders

• http://nebfacts.blogspot.com/2016/

The Late Show compared with Late Night

With The Late Show, Letterman reached the peak of his career. His salary had doubled, and Shaffer's band was much larger, with a horn section (prohibited, on Carson's order, at NBC). He had for his sole use an updated, historical theater, renovated on a 24-hour schedule (to have it ready for the first broadcast) at considerable expense. (The workmen appeared on the first broadcast.) The set was larger and more luxurious. Advertising was up, as one would expect in an 11:30 PM instead of 12:30 AM time slot. Budgets to pay guests were larger.

The show, however, lost most of its edginess and became a much more traditional talk show. Announcer Bill Wendell retired, and long-time director Hal Gurnee and producer Jack Rollins soon departed. The greater distance between Letterman and Schafer cut down on eir banter, since now they could no longer appear in a single camera shot. Gone were colorful characters like Brother Theodore, Father Guido Sarducci, and Chris Elliott's series of characters. There was less audience participation, fewer stunts, and trips outside the studio were limited to those waiting in front of the theater and to visits to Rupert Jee's Hello Deli, around the corner but in the same building. There were no more "suits of suet" or dental chairs, no bullhorns used out the window to passers-by floors below on Sixth Avenue, or to occupants of the same floor (the 6th) of the building across the street. Calvin DeForest had a much smaller role than did his NBC predecessor Larry "Bud" Melman, and certainly no sending him off on a road trip to Mexico with an early picturephone. (He got as far as Laredo, Texas.) Guests were much more distinguished — in a memorable 2013 segment, there was a 24-minute interview with Donald Trump, described by Letterman as "America's favorite cut-throat real estate mogul and slumlord".

But gone were the humble but colorful characters like the nut lady Elizabeth Tashjian, who ran a one-person Nut Museum with both the world's largest nut and the world's largest nutcracker, for which admission was one nut.

The centrality of slavery

In the first years of the 19th century there was intense interest in absorbing in some way Florida into the United States. The term "manifest destiny" did not appear until the 1840s, but the American colonies were expansionist from the beginning; the Revolutionary War had just put it on a back burner for a few years. The War over — even more so after the War of 1812 was over — the expansionism could be put back into practice. Somewhat to the Americans' surprise, Canadians were not very interested in becoming part of the U.S. But Florida was ripe for the taking. Most residents of Florida — maroons and their descendents, the number of whites was small — did not want to be part of the U.S. either. The negros would have been enslaved, or reenslaved, so by 1821 every one that could got out of Florida, to Cuba or an English colony.

Slaves are in fact central to Florida's change in nationality.

Nevertheless, the decision was to be made by the Spanish crown

Puertyo Rico

There are two big elephants in the room, which discussions off Puerto Rico’s status usually ignore.

• The first is that Spanish is Puerto Rico's official language, and its status has been getting stronger as a result of legal changes. English is no longer a second official language, or even a second language. Spanish is Puerto Rico’s language, full stop. All of its legal documents (Constitution, laws) and legal proceedings are in Spanish. Not everyone knows English.

For Puerto Rico to become a state, Congress must approve it. That Congress would officially accept a state with a different language is unlikely, and a substantial block of citizens — just how many is unknown — would not want it.

• Under their present status, Puerto Ricans do not pay federal income tax, which they would have to pay if Puerto Rico becomes a state. (They do pay Medicare, Social Security, and some other taxes.) Whether this would be readily accepted by Puerto Ricans remains to be studied.

• Puerto Rico would be heavily Democratic. Republicans can be counted on to oppose another two Democratic senators.

Personal names

The United States is the most ethnically diverse country in the world. (And Queens County, New York is ethnically the most diverse county in the country.)

Naming a bagy for another family member is common.o

Peter -Repeater. kate-duplicate Change names

David Letterman

Rebellious us. Never had politicians or really big wtars as guests. Instead, he’d have little people like th nut lady Sided with Writers Guild during their now-forgotten 1985 strike

Insecure Stopped in at hairpiece mkker Attacked GE for buying Uin BC. Had president in audience once From Indiana, from a university which was not Indiana's most prestigious Scholarshil for C students

Very privatebabout his private lite. Lost his license had to be chaufered Lived in Ct. (show never visited) shafer an apt in Manhattan

Sent mom to Norway Helped young people get stTted, Jay Leno 4 yrs younger Musicall

Treatise

Category:works about american slacery Category:Non-fiction books about American slavery The first serious published defense of slavery in the United States, after its independence, is the Treatise on the patriarchal, or co-operative, system of society as it exists in some governments, and colonies in America : and in the United States, under the name of slavery, with its necessity and advantages. by Florida planter and Quaker Zephaniah Kingsley. It was first published under the signature “A Resident of Florida” in 1828, although Kingsley's name is found at the end of the Preface. It was reprinted in 1829, 1833, and 1834, indicating significant readership. No other proslavery writing in the United States was reprinted as many times.

It was preceded by Kingsley's "Address to the Legislative Council of Florida [of which he was a member] on the subject of its Colored population", about 1826. In this speech, published in 2000, he calls upon the Legislative Council to accomodate the "free colored population", so that they have a "friendly feeling toward the white population". This is necessary for "our personal safety as well as the permanent condition of our Slave property" ("the most numerous, valuable & productive class [of] our population"). In other words, and he cites examples, the free blacks would side with the whites in protecting them from slave insurrection or other slave misconduct.

This Address, having fallen on deaf ears, was followed by his resignation from the Legislative Council. Within 10 years, Kingsley, in depair over the situation of free blacks, departed from the United States. He moved with his multiple wives, slaves, and free blacks to a new plantation in what is now the Dominican Republic but at that time was part of Haiti.Template:Rp19–20

In the meantime, he attempted to influence public opinion towards "free people of color" by means of his self-published Treatise. In the Preface, declaring himself a "votary of rational policy", he states that his object is "to destroy the prejudice existing against slavery". Accoring to Kingsley, if slavery is practiced with "justice" and "benevolence", slaves are just as happy as free men, equally as virtuous, less "corrupted", far more productive, and "they yield more support and benefit to the state". Furthermore, "the slave or Patriarchal System of Society...is better adapted for strength, endurability and independence, than any other state of society hitherto adopted."

In the body of the Treatise, he sets forth the view that blacks are better suited than whites for working in a hot climate.41}} "The negro under the management of a just, conscientious and humane master (of which description it will certainly be allowed that there are some)...will surely enjoy a happier and more enviable state of existence than the poor white man... who has to contend with cold and hunger, besides religious and moral tyranny."41–42}} "The labor of the negro, under the wholesome restraint of an intelligent direction, is like a constant stream."42}} A slave state is more powerful in case of war.42}}

Kingsley examines other "slave holding states". In the case of Brazil, the war between Brazil and "the Republic of Buenos Ayres" (he refers to the Cisplatine War) shows the strength of a slave state contrasted with the weakness of a white antislave state. The Brazilian slaves did not respond to the Argentine offers of freedom and protection if they escaped. "This trait of virtue and fidelity in the Brazilian slaves, is to be attributed to humane and just treatment." Under Brazilian law, any slave, in theory, can buy his freedom. Slaves are allowed to own some property, such as "stock". "The persons, properties, and rights...[of] the free people of color...are protected by law," and "the free children of quarteroons and a white man are white by law."43–45}}

In the British colonies (he claims this is also true of the "Spanish, French, and Dutch colonies") the "free colored people" are "gradually rendered fit to take place of the whites, whose lives have long been uselessly sacrificed to a hot climate, which does not, nor can ever agree with them." In fact, many of the "free colored people... being rich and liberally educated, enjoy great respectability, and having the same interest with the whites, and great influence with the slaves, form a barrier to insurrection." Again, quarteroons with a white father were legally white.45–46}}

In the case of Haiti, or Hayti as he spells it, many liberated slaves remained productive, on plantations, throughout the revolution. Some were armed amd defended their masters. But when the "Patriarchal restraint of its Colonial system of government" was gone, productivity declined greatly, as there is "less necessity for hard work" in "a healthy, fertile, and mild climate such as Hayti, where few clothes are required, and bountiful nature produces spontaneously the necessities of life."47–50}}

"From all these facts it follows, that, under a just and prudent system of management, negros are safe, permanent, productive and growing property, and easily governed; that they are not naturally desirous of change but are sober, discreet, honest and obliging, are less troublesome, and possess a much better moral character than the ordinary class of corrupted whites of similar condition." 8 Despite this, in slaveholding states, the white majority, who inhabit the "high, healthy country," has “a strong feeling of prejudice against every other shade of color”. As the colored are "absolutely necessary", a "smaller degree of prejudice against color would better comport". However, in our slaveholding states, "the great quantity of whites in the up country is at all times ready to put down or exterminate all the colored people in the case of insurrection." They govern by "fear and force", instead of "wisdom and policy". 9

North Carolina, "by the liberal provisions of her constitution and enlightened policy to her free, colored people", is the state most favorable to free blacks; "I believe no disadvantage has ever been perceived in North Carolina from its free citizens of color being allowed to vote". 9 (The right of free North Carolina blacks to vote was taken away in 1835.) As in the British West India colonies, taxes should be the same on everyone, "and the law both criminal and civil should be as impartial as the sun".9

Southern plantations will be most productive if:

• There is no fear of a slave insurrection,
• They are sure of being able to resist “war or invasion”,
• "To extinguish that general foreign or northern prejudice against holding slave property, which commonly arise from their mistaken view of our policies and laws to regulate slaves and free colored people."10

"How much more meritorious and laudable [than improving domestic animals] would that philanthropist be to whose energy and moral courage mankind were indebted for exposing and removing a prejudice that not only continues to entail ill health and degeneracy on the people, but completely neutralises the physical [defensive] strength of the country, by placing one portion of the inhabitants in hostile array against the other." 10

"The red aborigines were in this country a healthy people. The negroes are not only a healthy people, but robust and durable even in the swamps. The intermediate grades of color are not only healthy, but whe condition is favorable, they are improved in shape, strength and beauty.... Daily experience shows that there is no natural antipathy between the casts [sic] on account of color; and it only requires to repeal laws as impolitic as they are injust and unnatural; which confound beauty, merit and condition in one state of infamy and degradation on account of complexion, and to leave nature to find out a safe and wholesome remedy for evils which, of all others, are now the most deplorable, because they are morally irreconcilable to the fundamental principles of happiness, and self preservation."

Metis

• http://www.worldcat.org/title/ethnolinguistic-profile-of-the-canadian-metis/oclc/11956135&referer=brief_results - That’s a Canadian government publication. If all metis were Canadian, they wouldn’t use that word in the title.

Disambiguation page

− − District of Columbia may refer to

−

• The District of Columbia (until 1871), when it was a separate political entity

−

• The city of Washington, D.C.

− − X==District of Columbia==

This page is about the history of the District of Columbia as a separate legal entity. For the history of the District of Columbia after 1871, when it merged with Washington, see History of Washington, D.C.

District of Columbia (until 1871)

This page is about the history of the District of Columbia as a separate legal entity. For the history of the District of Columbia after 1871, when it merged with Washington, see History of Washington, D.C.

See Residence act The District of Columbia, or sometimes the Original District of Columbia, was until 1871 something other than the City of Washington. They were separate political entities. The district came into existence, with judges and marshals, in the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801; previously it was the Territory of Columbia. The cities of Alexandria, VA and Georgetown, MD already existed; the remainder was farmland. Two new counties were created in the 1801 Act: Washington County, D.C. and Alexandria County, D.C. (today Arlington County, Virginia's smallest county, and the independent City of Alexandria). Although Pierre L'Enfant's plan for the city of Washington was created in 1791, and both the White House and the United States Capitol were completed and in use by 1800, the City of Washington was not legally created (chartered) until 1802.

− −

Choice of location

Main article: History of Washington, D.C. § Establishment

Congress determined, in the Residence Act of 1790, that the nation's capitol be on the Potomac, between the Anacostia River and today's Williamsport, Maryland, and in a federal district up to 10 miles square. The exact location was to be determined by President Washington, who knew the area better than any other of the major politicians of the period, because his residence was in nearby Mt. Vernon. Its trans-state location reflected a compromise between the Southern states and the Northern ones, neither of which blocs would agree to the nation's capitol being in the other.

Virginia fancied itself the most modelic of the states, the largest state (including West Virginia), the state of Washington, of Jefferson, primary author of the Declaration of Independence, and of rising political figures and future presidents Madison and Monroe. (Four of America's first five presidents were from Virginia.) Virginia's House of Burgesses was the clearest predecessor of Congress. Virginia was where the national capital, in their opinion, should be. Virginia was supported by all the states to the south of it.

The capitol of the U.S. in Virginia? The New England states would have none of that. Neither would New York nor Pennsylvania, both of which had previously housed the nation's capital. So Maryland, whose State House was older than that of Virginia, and like Virginia was a slave state, was settled on as a compromise. At Washington's request the City of Alexandria was included in the District, though with the provision that no federal buildings could be built there. The new capitol district was at about the center of the country, actually closer to New Hampshire than to Georgia. (What we now think of as the middle of the country at that time, the Mason-Dixon line, was an obscure boundary dispute, that only came into the national discourse, and was given its name, with the Missouri Compromise of 1850.) About 2/3 of the original District was in Maryland and 1/3 in Virginia, and the wide Potomac in the middle. The future district was surveyed in 1791–92; 24 of its surviving stone markers are in Maryland, 12 in Virginia. (See Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia.) Washington decided that the capitol's location would be between Georgetown and the Anacostia River, which was as high as the river could be navigated by ships.

Retrocession of 1847

− Residents of Alexandria were soon unhappy about being in the District, which meant they had no representation in Congress. Also Alexandria was a center of the slave trade – the largest slave-trading company in the country, Franklin and Armfield, was located there – and Alexandria residents were afraid that if the District banned the slave trade, as was much discussed, this industry would leave the city.

−

As a result of the outlaw in slave trade Alexandria, a city that flourished on slave trade, decided to separate from DC and joint the State of Virginia. http://www.compromise-of-1850.org/banning-slave-trade-in-washington-dc/ Sale of slaves prohibitedd in 1850 compromise. 1862 liberation with compensating n −

Organic Act of 1871

− − The District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 merged the District of Columbia and the City of Washington into a single entity, Washington, D.C.

Slavery in the District of Columbia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_codes#District_of_Columbia_slave_codes

Patriots War

On it see p. 4 of Stowells book on Kingsley

The Patriots War, sometimes Patriots' War, was an unsuccessful attempt to extend the U.S. border into Florida before the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. It included the (self-)creation of the Republic of Florida, planned to last one day.

The underlying issue was the availability of vast amounts of land suitable for farming in north and northeast Florida. Spain was not interested in developing farms or plantations. Furthermore, the Spanish force in the peninsula was small, effectively governing only the small areas around Spain's three forts, St. Augustine, St. Marks, and Pensacola. These settlements provided naval support to Spanish ships. Florida's northern border with the United States they cared little about, and certainly did not have the forces to defend. In addition, It is the same situation that would reproduce itself later on the western border, producing the short-lived Republic of West Florida, all of which was in today's Louisiana (1810), the longer-lived Republic of Texas, and finally the Mexican-American War

The first of these was the East Florida venture.

(Central Florida was at the time inhabited by Native Americans.)

kilgallen

Ny post jan 2017 is on Pocket https://nypost.com/2017/01/29/manhattan-das-office-probing-death-of-reporter-with-possible-jfk-ties/ Through pbcpl: Gossip Never Dies; Learning of Paris Hilton's latest woes-a $10 million slander suit, harassment charges, and a stash of private videotapes reportedly sold at auction-the author had some advice when he saw the heiress's mother Dominick Dunne Vanity Fair. 48.4 (Apr. 2006): p140. Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2006 Conde Nast Publications, Inc.. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of The Conde Nast Publications Inc. http://www.vanityfair.com/

http://www.reddirtreport.com/rustys-reads/books-two-books-tie-two-noteworthy-women-and-their-deaths-jfk-assassination Review

http://www.reddirtreport.com/red-dirt-grit/x-marks-jfk-files On Shaw jones https://arapahoenews.com/12462/uncategorized/dorothy-kilgallen-reporter-cloaked-in-controversy/ 11/18/2017

https://nypost.com/2008/07/27/forging-a-new-livelihood/ Lee Israel

http://ew.com/movies/2018/03/16/melissa-mccarthy-can-you-ever-forgive-me-trailer/ on Israel

https://nypost.com/2016/12/04/dorothy-kilgallens-tell-all-on-a-mafia-don-might-have-got-her-killed/ On Shaw’s book https://nypost.com/2017/01/29/manhattan-das-office-probing-death-of-reporter-with-possible-jfk-ties/ https://nypost.com/2017/09/02/da-no-evidence-reporter-investigating-jfk-assassination-was-murdered/ refused to discuss findings http://www.newsandtimes.com/2016/12/seeking-justice-amid-the-conspiracies/

https://nypost.com/2017/09/02/da-no-evidence-reporter-investigating-jfk-assassination-was-murdered/ https://www.google.com/search?aq=f&hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&btnmeta_news_search=1&q=Dorothy+kilgallen&oq=Dorothy+kilgallen&gs_l=news-cc.3..43j0j43i53.1784.8722.0.9580.17.6.0.11.11.0.160.582.4j2.6.0...0.0...1ac.1.NTKGUNkkxM0

Gossip Never Dies; Learning of Paris Hilton's latest woes-a $10 million slander suit, harassment charges, and a stash of private videotapes reportedly sold at auction-the author had some advice when he saw the heiress's mother edb.pbclibrary.org:2074/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=6&docId=GALE%7CA168632283&docType=Era+overview%2C+Essay&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=&prodId=AONE&contentSet=GALE%7CA168632283&searchId=R1&userGroupName=d0_mlpbcls&inPS=true

http://www.midtod.com/dorothys.pdf

Neamathla

Douma, Michael J. "Slave maroon communities in the Atlantic world." Journal of American Ethnic History, vol. 35, no. 4, 2016, p. 93+. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A456276194/ITOF?u=d0_mlpbcls&sid=ITOF&xid=5b0344a1. Accessed 13 Apr. 2018.

Woodbine

George Woodbine was a merchant from Jamaica3}} Documents Relating to Colonel Edward Nicholls and Captain George Woodbine in Pensacola, 1814

Stuff on him in the Nicoll’s outpost book Read online free: The Florida Historical Society Quarterly Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jul., 1931), pp. 51-54 Published by: Florida Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30150119 Page Count: 4 Topics: Slavery

Neamathla and, probably, his family were at Nicolls' Outpost.

Neamathla had always been active in those depredations on the frontiers of Georgia which had brought vengeance and ruin on the Seminoles.

"Perryman was involved in the plot to flog Neamathla during a council at Fort Scott in August 1817. He believed that the Fowltown chief was endangering all of the towns of the area by confronting the army. Neamathla failed to appear for the conference and Maj. David E. Twiggs, who then commanded the fort, did not learn of the plan until after the fact." http://exploresouthernhistory.com/mobile/2017/12/13/perryman/

Christopher Rage

Link to Sandbox version on Christopher Rage User:Deisenbe/sandbox/Philip_H._Cummings. / honeysuckle divine United Faculty of Florida. Paddles Sutro Baths. Lorca assasination ̈

moriae

The usual translation of the title, In Praise of Folly, is misleading. Folly is an unwise action, that accomplishes nothing at best. There are suggestions of mental illness, as that was understood centuries ago, causing the subjecy to do unreasonable skills

A closer translation is stupidity; the English cognate of "moriae" is moron. So what is being praised is stupidity, which is the topic of the book. The moronic woman explains her role in society: if your parents hadn’t been stupid, you wouldn’t be here.

There is also a pun in the title, which can also be read as “In Praise of [Sir Thomas] More, England’s Catholic hero Sir Thomas More

References

Subject of a raiding party by "Captain Miller" who took a bunch pf negroes and held them at Fort Mitchell, Creek agency. Cox, fort wcott, 220

Video Many blacks escaped from the Suwannee settlement to the Tampa Bay region and joined the small maroon community that existed on the Manatee River. Throughout the recent chapters, Tampa Bay has constantly been alluded to as a safe-haven for black fugitives. Some of the refugees had arrived there after the Revolutionary War. Others retreated after the Patriots had decimated the Alachua communities. In January 1813, shortly before the Patriots made the final assault on the Alachua settlements, Benjamin Hawkins reported that the Seminoles and blacks were fleeing to South Florida in anticipation of the attack:

“I received from an Indian of note…the following information…Paine is dead of his wounds…the warring Indians have quit this settlement, and gone down to Tellaugue Chapcopopeau, a creek which enters the ocean south of Moscheto river, at a place called the Fishery. Such of their stock as they could command have been driven in that direction, and the negroes were going the same way. The lands beyond the creek towards Florida point, were, for a considerable distance, open savannas, with ponds; and, still beyond the land, stony, to the point." 20

Hawkins was definitely describing Southwest Florida, particularly the area between Tampa Bay and present-day Ft. Myers. The “Fishery” he alluded to was the Spanish fishery located on Charlotte Harbor. Hawkins later reported: “The negroes now separated and at a distance from the Indians on the Hammocks or the Hammoc not far from Tampa bay,” after they fled the Patriots invasion. In 1815, after Nichols left the “Negro Fort,” some of the blacks no longer felt secure without the British presence. Woodbine left the “Negro Fort” with about two hundred blacks to establish a plantation south of Tampa Bay. Still more had fled after the U.S. military had destroyed their settlements around the “Negro Fort.” According to historians William S. Coker and Thomas D. Watson, “other slaves joined the blacks on the Suwannee and some fled as far south as Tampa,” after the fort’s obliteration. 21 There they built an autonomous community and cultivated the fields along the Manatee River, present day Bradenton. This community would be termed “Angola,” the last remaining stronghold for the free blacks in Florida. The term “Angola” was ascribed because many of the blacks were West African slaves who had escaped from the Carolinas. They applied an assortment of African agricultural techniques to cultivate vast acres of plantation land. A large number of Seminoles were also in the vicinity. In 1821, a South Florida Expeditionary mapped out the region. The map chart was entitled: “A draft of Sarrazota, or Runaway Negro Plantations.” 22 Various black, Seminole, Red Stick Creek, and Spanish settlements were spread out from Tampa Bay all the way down to present-day Ft. Myers. The Angola community, approximately located at present-day Sarasota, was a refuge for blacks escaping the onslaught of white slave raiders. Its population varied between 750 and 900 residents. Considering the accounts of the Creek raid on Angola, it appears that the combined number of refugees, black and Seminole, with those taken in the raid, amount to six or seven hundred at the time of its destruction. A settlement of Red Stick Creeks resided forty miles away on the Peace River. Woodbine chose to relocate the blacks from the “Negro Fort” to Tampa Bay because of its extremely fertile lands and optimal trading location. According to one report: “This is an extensive bay, and capable of admitting ships of any size, contiguous to which are the finest lands in East Florida, which Woodbine pretends belong to him by virtue of a grant from the Indians.” 23 In 1817, there were reports that Woodbine was amassing a large band of Seminole and black allies in Tampa Bay for the purpose of invading and seizing St. Augustine. This was essentially to prevent the United States from taking acquisition of the territory rather than any outright hostility against Spanish rule. The rumors never materialized though. 24 Arbuthnot and Ambrister, the two British officials executed under Jackson’s orders, supported the blacks at Angola with weapons and trade. Robert Ambrister was commissioned to ensure that the blacks that Woodbine left at Angola were secure. A witness at his trial reported: “I frequently heard him say he came to attend to Mr. Woodbine’s business at the bay of Tamper.” The same with Arbuthnot: “The prisoner was sent by Woodbine to Tampa, to see about those negroes he had left there.” 25 In 1837, John Lee Williams made observations of ruins left behind from the Angola community as he extensively explored the Manatee River: “The point between these two rivers is called Negro Point. The famous Arbuthnot and Ambrister had at one time a plantation here cultivated by two hundred negroes. The ruins of their cabins, and domestic utensils are still seen on the old fields.” 26 The Manatee River was not only an extremely fertile, easily defensible location but an optimal site for communication with the British Empire and Spanish Empire in Cuba. After the battle of Suwannee, blacks from Seminole territory found a refuge there and prepared for U.S. reprisal. Captain James Gadsden, aide to Jackson in his Florida campaign, reported back to Jackson about the importance of establishing Tampa Bay as a maritime depot: “It is the last rallying spot of the disaffected negroes and Indians and the only favorable point from whence a communication can be had with Spanish and European emissaries. Nichols it is reported has an establishment in that neighborhood and the negroes and Indians driven from Micosukey and Suwaney towns have directed their march to that quarter.” 27 In some retrospect, Angola could have been a potential last stand for the Seminoles and blacks. They began arming themselves through their Spanish and British trading partners. With reports of Spanish provision of armaments, General Gaines offered to “do what can be done with the limited means under my control, and strike at any force that may present itself.” 28 According to Gaines, the Spanish “furnished hostile Indians, at the bay of Tampa, with ten horseloads of ammunition, recommending to them united and vigorous operations against us.” 29 Jackson focused on establishing and increasing the military force in Tampa with five hundred regulars. This would be to “insure tranquility in the south.” The detachment was intended to destroy “Woodbine’s negro establishment.” 30 Col. Robert Butler reported that the blacks were fortifying themselves at Tampa Bay in anticipation of a U.S. attack. 31 Jackson had remained consistent in his goal to obliterate independent black settlements throughout the peninsula. Secretary of War Calhoun failed to authorize Jackson the use of direct military force. He knew that any further incursions into Florida would possibly put a damper on negotiations with Spain for its acquisition. Angola had secured itself for the time-being. This was until Jackson was granted governorship of the Florida territory early in 1821. On April 2, 1821, Andrew Jackson requested instruction from Secretary of State John Quincy Adams on the removal of the Red Stick and black settlements in the Tampa Bay region. 32 Before he received an answer, Jackson would take action into his own hands. Geopolitical intrigue in Florida intended to kill two birds with one stone: defeating insubordinate natives and preventing fugitive slaves from finding safe-haven. In late April 1821, William McIntosh, Jackson-appointed brigadier general, ordered a war party of Coweta Creeks into Florida to eliminate the Red Stick Creek settlements and enslave the blacks at Angola. A force of two hundred Coweta Creeks was commissioned under the command of William Weatherford and Charles Miller, pro-white Creek chiefs who were closely associated with McIntosh. An “eye-witness,” possibly a participant in the incursion, described the purpose of the raid in the columns of the Charleston Gazette:

“Towards the end of the month of April last, some men of influence and fortune, residing somewhere in the western country, thought of making a speculation in order to obtain Slaves for a trifle. They hired Charles Miller, William Weatherford [and others], and under these chiefs, were engaged about two hundred Cowetas Indians. They were ordered to proceed along the western coast of East Florida, southerly, and there take, in the name of the United States, and make prisoners of all the men of colour, including women and children, they would be able to find, and bring them all, well secured, to a certain place, which has been kept a secret.” 33

Indian Agent John Crowell wrote about the raid in a letter to Secretary of War John Calhoun:

“Some short time previous to my coming into this agency, the chiefs, had organized a Regt. of Indian Warriors, and sent them into Florida in pursuit of negroes that had escaped from their owners, in the Creek nation as well as such as had run off from their owners in the States; this detachment has recently returned, bringing with them, to this place fifty nine negroes, besides about twenty delivered to their respective owners on their march up.” 34

The raiders wrecked havoc throughout Florida until they launched a surprise attack on Angola and devastated the settlement. The Creek raiders captured over three hundred inhabitants, plundered their plantations, and set fire to all of their homes. Afterwards, the war party made its way south and plundered the Spanish fisheries on the Caloosahatchee River. Most of the three hundred prisoners taken in the raid disappeared as the Creek party made their way back to the United States. The “eye-witness” in the Charleston Gazette detailed the raid of Angola:

“They arrived at Sazazota, surprised and captured about 300 of them, plundered their plantations, set on fire all their houses, and then proceeding southerly captured several others; and on the 17th day of June, arrived at the Spanish Ranches, in Pointerrass Key, in Carlos Bay, where not finding as many Negroes as they expected, they plundered the Spanish fishermen of more than 2000 dollars worth of property, besides committing the greatest excess. With their plunder and prisoners, they returned to the place appointed for the deposit of both.” 35

The aftermath of the Coweta Creek raid was chaotic for the free blacks and Red Stick Creeks in the Florida territory. Settlements were scattered, refugees fled into different areas, and others, having grown tired of the constant terror, escaped the country. While some remained behind under the protection of Spanish gunboats, about three hundred refugees left on canoes to the Florida Keys and escaped to the Bahamas through British wrecking vessels. The “eye-witness” detailed the aftermath of the assault:

“The terror thus spread along the Western Coast of East Florida, broke all the establishments of both blacks and Indians, who fled in great consternation. The blacks principally, thought they could not save their lives but by abandoning the country; therefore, they, by small parties and in their Indian canoes, doubled Cape Sable and arrived at Key Taviniere, which is the general place of rendezvous for all the English wreckers [those who profited from recovery of shipwreck property], from Nassau, Providence; an agreement was soon entered into between them, and about 250 of these negroes were by the wreckers carried to Nassau and clandestinely landed.” 36

A Florida observer wrote that some the blacks from the “Negro Fort”, along with runaway slaves from Florida and other Southern states, “formed considerable settlements on the waters of Tampa Bay. When the Indians went in pursuit of these negroes, such as escaped made their way down to cape Florida and the reef, about which they collected within a year and a half upwards of three hundred; vast numbers of them have been at different times since carried off by the Bahama wreckers to Nassau.” 37 After the assault, some blacks armed themselves and remained isolated in the southwest region of the state under the protection of Spanish traders. Some Florida residents petitioned the President to “retain their property” that escaped to an island or cluster of islands off the Florida west coast and were “protected by an armed banditti.” 38 In July, a small party of destitute Seminoles made their way to St. Augustine, informing Capt. John R. Bell that “very recently a party of Indians (Cawetus) said to be headed by McIntosh came into their neighborhood and had taken off a considerable number of negroes and some Indians, that the commander of party had sent them information that in a short time he should return and drive all the Indians off.” 39 Bell denied that the party was authorized by Jackson or any higher authorities, but failed to note that William McIntosh was Jackson’s close ally. A mass exodus of blacks took place from the Keys to the Bahamas. James Forbes reported that runaway blacks were amassed at Cape Florida: “At this key, which presents a mass of mangroves, there were lately about sixty Indians, and as many runaway negroes, in search of sustenance, and twenty-seven sail of Bahaman wreckers.” 40 Florida officials were not merely satisfied with the blacks taken during the Coweta raid. In 1823, Governor Duval wrote to Calhoun in apprehension of fugitive blacks escaping to the Bahamas: “I have been informed by Gentlemen upon whom I can rely, that there are about ninety negros, fugitives from this Province and the neighboring States, on St. Andrews Island one of the Bahamas, & about thirty more on the Great Bahamas & the neighboring Islands, those Negros went from Tampa Bay, & Charlotte Harbour, in boats to the Florida Keys from whence they were taken to the Bahamas by the Providence Wreckers. The slaves might be obtained, if Com. Porter be ordered to demand them from the authorities at those Islands.” 41 James Forbes also wrote a letter to Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, claiming that the Seminoles “apprehend some disturbance from the Cowetas. These last are said to have been at Tampa about 200 strong and taken from thence about 120 Negroes after destroying four Spanish settlements there.” 42 Calhoun shouldered the blame of the illegal incursion onto “rogue” Creek chiefs, shifting any responsibility from Andrew Jackson. He purposely avoided mentioning Jackson as the possible culprit for organizing it, his avid determination to destroy “Woodbine’s negro establishment,” or his close association with the Creek leaders who led the incursion. Jackson’s involvement was behind the scenes and there was nothing to directly implicate him. Calhoun reprimanded the Creeks in a letter to Indian Agent John Crowell:

“The expedition to Florida was entirely unknown to this Department. I have to express my concern at, and most decided approbation of, the conduct of the chiefs; that they should seize upon the very moment when that country was about to pass from the possession of Spain to that of the United States, and when everything was in confusion, to use the superior force of the Creek nation over the weakness of the Seminoles, to impose on and plunder them.” 43

Calhoun was actually more interested in the fate of the blacks taken in the raid, the most controversial aspect for Southern slaveholders. He cared nothing for the free blacks who had been seized from their lands and sold as slaves. If hundreds of fugitive slaves were indeed captured in this raid, where did they go? Crowell’s letter to Calhoun, attempting to justify the raid, indicated that this is where the Secretary of War’s main concern lied:

“Special orders were given to Col. Miller not to interrupt the person or the property of any Indian or white man & he declares that he did not take from the possession of either red or white person a single negro except one from a vessel belonging to the celebrated Nichols, lying at anchor in Tampy Bay. The negroes he took, were found and acknowledged by the inhabitants of the country to be runaways.” 44

It was presumed that most of the blacks seized in the raid were sold by the Creek mercenaries to Florida planters as they made their way back to the United States. Crowell gave a list of 59 slaves that had made it to the United States, titled a “Description of the Negroes brought into the Creek nation by a detachment of Indian Warriors under the command of Col. Wm. Miller a half breed Indian.” In turn, Calhoun gave the list to Capt. John R. Bell of St. Augustine in hopes that some Florida slaveholders could retrieve their property: “I furnished you with a list of negroes taken from the Seminole Indians by a party of Creeks; by which it would seem that many of them belong to the Inhabitants of Florida.” 45 Slaveholders attempted to retrieve the blacks taken in the raid and the black refugees who escaped to the Bahamas. The “eye-witness” in the Charleston Gazette rhetorically concluded his editorial column on the Creek incursion:

“Now all these Negroes, as well as those captured by the Indians, and those gone to Nassau, are runaway Slaves, from the Planters on St. John’s River, in Florida, Georgia, Carolina, and a few from Alabama. Cannot those Planters who have had their Negroes missing recover them by means of these chiefs I have named, and who are so well known by the parts they have been playing for some time past in the late Indian wars, and discover who are those speculative gentlemen who now hold their Negroes, and if they were lawfully their slaves? Could not all those Negroes unlawfully introduced into Nassau be also recovered by an application to the English governor, backed by a formal demand from the Government of the United States?” 46

When it came to catching the refugee blacks, Governor Duval’s hands were tied. Duval instructed Horatio S. Dexter to bring in the runaway slaves he found in the vicinity of Tampa Bay. Duval could not pursue the black refugees from Angola until he received permission from Bahaman authorities nor call out a militia against the blacks in Florida territory until given Presidential authority. Duval received information that a “considerable number of slaves” had established themselves at Pine Island on the mouth of the Charlotte River after fleeing from Tampa. They were “well armed with Spanish Muskets” and “refuse to permit any American to visit the Island.” They maintained their allegiance to the Spanish traders, cutting timber and fishing for the Havana market. In turn, the Spaniards gave them protection with several small gunboats armed with one to three guns each. Duval could not comply with the wishes of slaveholders until he received Presidential authority to which he would commission sixty mounted militiamen under the command of Col. Humphreys to apprehend the blacks. 47 The blacks and Seminoles of Middle Florida also felt the effects of the Creek incursion. The black and Red Stick Creek settlements in Middle Florida scattered into even more remote locations. In 1822, Dr. William Simmons travelled to a black settlement in the Big Swamp “accompanied by an Indian Negro, as a guide.” In his route, he witnessed “the sites of Indian towns, which had been recently broken up, and the crops left standing on the ground. These were chiefly settlements of Lower Creek Indians, who, after their defeat by General Jackson, in the late war, came down among the Seminoles, and supposing themselves peculiarly obnoxious to the Americans, dispersed themselves in the woods, or retired to remote situations, as soon as the transfer of the Province took place.” 48 Simmons also found that his black Seminole hosts had recently fled from their settlements in apprehension of Coweta slave raiders, impoverished and unable to provide him with any form of hospitality: “These people were in the greatest poverty, and had nothing to offer me; having, not long before, fled from a settlement farther west, and left their crop ungathered, from an apprehension of being seized on by the Cowetas, who had recently carried off a body of Negroes, residing near the Suwaney.” 49 U.S. imperialism in Florida meant the decentralization of black and native settlements. Ironically this would make things very difficult two years later when they attempted to concentrate them within a tight reservation. Native and black people who had once flourished on the Alachua savannah for almost a century were broken up by the Patriots invaders. Native and black people who had once cultivated the fertile banks of the Appalachicola River were broken up by a U.S. incursion that slaughtered hundreds at the “Negro Fort.” Native and black people who cultivated fields along the Suwannee River were broken up by Andrew Jackson’s incursion two years later. Native and black people who lived off of the fertile lands and abundant hunting grounds in the vicinity of Tampa Bay were broken up by a pro-white Creek incursion detached by Jackson. In four separate incursions over the span of a decade, the U.S. made it clear that its Florida policy was to subjugate its free black residents in order to make it safe for slavery to flourish.

References:

20. ASPIA 1: 838; Hayes, Louis F. Letters of Benjamin Hawkins, 1797-1815. Atlanta: Georgia Department of Archives and History, 1939. 198-200. 21. Coker, William S. and Watson, Thomas D. Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands: Panton, Leslie & Company and John Forbes & Company, 1783-1847. Pensacola: University of West Florida Press, 1986. 309. 22. For a complete illustration of the Angola community see Brown, Canter, Jr. “Sarrazota, or runaway Negro plantations”: Tampa Bay’s First Black Community.” Tampa Bay History 12 (Fall-Winter): 5-19. 23. ASPFA 4: 603. 24. Ibid. 25. Ibid. 604; ASPMA 1: 731. 26. Williams, Territory of Florida, 299-300. 27. “The Defenses of the Floridas, Report of Capt. James Gadsden to Gen. Jackson, 1818.” Florida Historical Quarterly. April 1937. 249. 28. ASPMA 1: 753. 29. Ibid. 30. Ibid. 752-753. 31. Carter, Territorial Papers, XXII, 167. 32. ASPFA 4: 755. 33. “Advice to Southern Planters” in Charleston City Gazette, c. November 1821, reprinted in Philadelphia National Gazette and Literary Register, December 3, 1821, cited in Brown, “Sarrazota, or Runaway Negro Plantations.” 34. John Crowell to John C. Calhoun, January 22, 1822, in T. J. Peddy, “Creek Letters 1820-1824.” (typescript in Georgia Department of Archives and History, Atlanta), 22.2.22.C.C. 35. Brown, “Sarrazota, or Runaway Negro Plantations,” 12-15. 36. “Advice to Southern Planters” in Charleston City Gazette, c. November 1821. 37. Vignoles, Charles B. Observations upon the Floridas. New York: E. Bliss & E. White, 1823: 135-136. 38. Carter, Territorial Papers, XXII, 763. 39. Ibid. 126. 40. Forbes, Sketches, historical and topographical, of the Floridas, 105. 41. Carter, Territorial Papers, XXII, 745. 42. Ibid. 119. 43. “J.C. Calhoun to Col. John Crowell, Indian Agent.” Creek Letters 1820-1824. Georgia Dept. of Archives & History, Atla

Yluvas

Patrick Bresnan and Yvette Lucas are a married couple who make films about Palm Beach County. They live in Austin, Texas.

Ivete Lucas (Director/Producer/Editor) was born in Brazil and holds an MFA in Film Production from the University of Texas at Austin. She started her career in Mexico with a grant from the Mexican Film Institute (IMCINE) to direct the short film Asma, which was shortlisted for an Ariel (the Mexican equivalent of the Academy Award.) Her short documentary The Send-Off co-directed with her partner Patrick Bresnan (see below) premiered at Sundance in 2016 and won jury awards at SXSW, AFI Fest and the San Francisco International Film festival. She is the producer and editor of the multiple award-winning short The Rabbit Hunt (2017), directed by Bresnan. The duo were named among Filmmaker Magazine’s 25 New Faces of Independent Film in 2016. Patrick Bresnan (Director/Producer/Cinematographer) is a visual artist and filmmaker who holds a Master’s Degree in Sustainability from the University of Texas at Austin. After a formative period working for prominent Mission School artists Barry McGee (aka Twist) and Clare Rojas, he co-directed the short documentary The Send-Off (2016) with his partner Ivete Lucas (see above). His short The Rabbit Hunt world-premiered at Sundance in 2017 before competing at the Berlinale,and has won nine awards including Best Short Documentary at four Academy-qualifying events.

Films by Bresnan and Lucas

Look at Miracle village history for a PB Post article

http://www.mistermotley.nl/en/art-everyday-life/redefining-narrative-united-states

http://moveablefest.com/patrick-bresnan-ivete-lucas-roadside-attraction/ http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/local-education/how-film-about-pahokee-landed-glades-teens-sundance/KvnIV91ANnjUDanS5kG5iO/ Ivanhoe. 2011 https://vimeo.com/12597657 http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/entertainment/the-sundance-film-festival-putting-pahokee-the-moviemaking-map/UFirhvjm8YZR0RGWX5AewN/

• The Curse and the Jubilee (2011) both ok The Curse and The Jubilee is a collective voice of survival in the postindustrial, cursed mining town of Ivanhoe VA. The film engages the people as they are reconstituted through the Jubilee, a July 4th celebration where the scattered families return to their forsaken lands and stand in solidarity against the scars left by the mines, racism, poverty and abandonment.
• One Big Misunderstanding (2016) a feature 76 minutes documentary about a Vietnam War reenactor http://www.onebigmisunderstanding.com premiere at Toronto Film Festival

When 23-year-old Bubba, who comes from a long lineage of military service, is rejected by the Army for his physical and mental health, he seeks camaraderie in the world of war re-enacting. But when he and a group of enthusiasts stage the first-ever public Vietnam War reenactment in Philadelphia, they unintentionally reignite the past traumas of the veterans they seek to honor and raise greater philosophical questions about their own fascination with guns, the realities of warfare, and mental illness.

Before release was called Vietnam Appreciation Day

http://www.otislucas.com/video-art/2017/8/6/roadside-attraction-trailer-tiff

• The Send-Off premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2016. won jury awards at SXSW, AFI Fest and the San Francisco International Film festival. Called "a svelte and gripping short documentary about Pahokree prom night, is a work of sophisticated vérité".
• Chasing Rabbits (2017) also premiered at Sundance 2017.
  • Jury Award Winner at the SXSW (South by Southwest) film festival.
  • Best documentary short at the San Francisco Film Festival
  • ShortvFilm Award at the BFI Lindon Film Festival
  • Grand Jury Award for Best Documentary Short at the Florida Film Festival, 2018
• Roadside Attraction (2017) http://moveablefest.com/patrick-bresnan-ivete-lucas-roadside-attraction/. After a very famous airplane arrives at Palm Beach International Airport, an otherwise ordinary stretch of Florida highway attracts an avid cluster of excited onlookers and selfie-takers.

• Meanwhile, The Send-Off will become a section of a 10-part feature about a year of life in Pahokee. Five more shorts are yet to be shot. In 2017 it staged the world premiere of Naked Bears: The Musical

Negro fort

|newspaper=The Farmer and Mechanic (Raleigh, N.C.) |date=October 27, 1881 |title=The Story of Negro Fort |first=George Cary |last=Egglston |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042098/1881-10-27/ed-1/seq-2/

Same story The Bossier banner., December 08, 1881. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85034235/1881-12-08/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&index=5&date2=1949&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Fort+Negro&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Negro+fort&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1

Seminoles of Florida https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042757/1922-05-03/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&index=1&date2=1949&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Fort+Negro&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Negro+fort&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1

https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022687/1839-04-20/ed-1/seq-2/ocr/ Americans, Blush I Extracts from the new work of Judge Jay, entitled ' A View of the Action of the Federal Government in behalf of Slavery.' FUGITIVE SLAVES IN- CANADA. The presence of British armed vessels in our southern waters April 20, 1839 Montpelier

Character

A term used to describe an individual, largely but not exclusiively male, whose behavior is colorful and/or well beyond typical in a given circumstance, someoone with multiple traits or practices. Sometimes said with admiration, more often that the behavior is harmless at worst and possibly amusing; rarel, a designation as character can be negative

List of monuments and memorials to African Americans or to civil rights of African Americans

None to Andre Cailloux

Denmark Vesey -see article on him.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/24/inside-the-trump-administrations-quiet-effort-to-recognize-black-history?utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=GU+Today+USA+-+Collections+2017&utm_term=276294&subid=11592832&CMP=GT_US_collection

Emancipation day https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act Juneteenth

http://archive.org/stream/flblackheri00flor#page/12/mode/2up Fred Lee statue Tallahassee. Rosa Parks. Steele

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/14/us/nashville-slavery-park.html?module=WatchingPortal&region=c-column-middle-span-region&pgType=Homepage&action=click&mediaId=thumb_square&state=standard&contentPlacement=9&version=internal&contentCollection=www.nytimes.com&contentId=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F14%2Fus%2Fnashville-slavery-park.html&eventName=Watching-article-click

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/opinion/south-monuments-nashville.html?action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&module=RelatedCoverage&region=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article

See http://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2018/01/03/still-standing-memphis-statues-following-confederate-monuments-controversy/977270001/ Barbara jordan http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/30/education/in-desire-to-grow-colleges-in-south-battle-with-roots.html?_r=0

• Alabama
  • Montgomery. Memorial to slain civil rights activists erected by the Southern plc. Marked unmarked 3
• District of Columbia
  • Georgetown
• Florida
  • Tallahassee. At capitol: https://www.floridacapitol.myflorida.com/content/download/132726/825852/version/2/file/Capitol_Monuments_Map_R05-2017.pdf

Fred Douglas Lee Statue at Famu. Go through http://archive.org/stream/flblackheri00flor#page/12/mode/2up

• • West Palm Beach
    • Woodlawn Cemetery. A marble plaque memorialized the sixty-nine buried at Woodlawn Cemetery. But it took seventy-four years for the mass grave containing 674 black victims to receive any recognition. It wasn’t until 2002, after a dogged campaign by community activists, that the city of West Palm Beach purchased the land and finally marked the grave site. (Quote from Muck City, chapter 2.
• Oklahoma
  • in 2010 the State of Oklahoma and the City of Tulsa fonally established a well-maintained memorial park dedicated to the events of May 31, 1921. Marked Unmarked p. 36
• South Carolina
  • Columbia - monument to African-American history South Carolina State House. Also see on Strom Thurman there
• Tennessee
  • Memphis
    • King
  • Nashville
    • Monument to the 14th and 15th amendments https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/08/14/charlottesville-protests-take-aim-nathan-bedford-forrest-bust-tennessee-capitol/564351001/
    • Monument to Sampson W. Keeble, the first black state lawmaker in Tennessee https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/08/14/charlottesville-protests-take-aim-nathan-bedford-forrest-bust-tennessee-capitol/564351001/
• Texas
  • state capital, not built https://www.texasobserver.org/hidden-confederate-history-texas-capitol-unofficial-guide/
• Virginia
  • Charlottesville
    • Gibbons HousevUmVa. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2015/06/24/u-va-acknowledges-its-slave-history/?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.f82570451811
  • In June, the University of Virginia announced plans for a large and visible memorial to commemorate the estimated 5,000 enslaved people who helped build and take care of the school in its early years. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/while-others-tear-down-monuments-some-universities-are-building-new-ones/2017/12/24/b4c5388e-d37f-11e7-b62d-d9345ced896d_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-national%3Ahomepage%2Fcard&utm_term=.48f36650fe9f
  • Richmond: Arthur Ashe Monument

research. And an eight-foot-tall sculpture stands, until ­mid-December, in front of the historical home of early Princeton presidents. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/while-others-tear-down-monuments-some-universities-are-building-new-ones/2017/12/24/b4c5388e-d37f-11e7-b62d-d9345ced896d_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-national%3Ahomepage%2Fcard&utm_term=.48f36650fe9f

The sculpture, by Titus Kaphar and commissioned by the Princeton University Art Museum, layers portraits of the school president from 1761 to 1766 with those of a black man, woman and child. They represent the slaves who worked at the president’s home and those who were sold at auction on that site.

== Monuments to African Americans called for

• Kalief Browder, whose suicide during inpridonment on Riker’s Island is believed to be due toi prison abuse. Reference sayej on Monum controversies

Civil Rights Memorial

List of Anerican Civil War-related lists.

• Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials}}

See also: List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials

List of lists of African Americans

Sutro baths

Sutro Baths was at 1015 Folsom (http://www.sfweekly.com/culture/feature-culture/folsom-and-jetsam/?utm_source=SF+Weekly%27s+Newsletter&utm_campaign=dd1b935365-SFW_Edit_2017_09_21&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8e041be16f-dd1b935365-260912493

fetcon

Fetcon, from Fetish Convention, is a weekend meeting which takes place at the Bayfront Hilton, St. Petersburg, Florida. It is the oldest of the "sex industry" shows which are now held once a year at various cities nationwide and abroad. Toys costumes for sale, much video shooting.

Australian porn star Morgana Muses https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jul/27/from-suburban-housewife-to-porn-star-at-52-the-emancipation-of-morgana

Jim Lassiter

A silent loop with Lassiter is found on the collection Bob Mizer: Military Films 1958-1971. He appears on the documentary Beefcake (1998). The IMDB reports him as having an uncredited appearance on the television show Telephone Time (1957)..