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Reverted apparent vandalism by R9tgokunks. The English name of this city is Mulhouse and not Mülhausen.
It has also varied among recent history.
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{{French commune|
{{French commune|
nomcommune=Mulhouse<br>[[Image:Altstadt Mulhouse.JPG|300px]]<br><small>Old city core, Mulhouse</small>
nomcommune=Mulhouse (Mülhausen, Milhüsa) <br>[[Image:Altstadt Mulhouse.JPG|300px]]<br><small>Old city core, Mulhouse</small>
|map=Mulhouse dot.png
|map=Mulhouse dot.png
|région=[[Alsace]]
|région=[[Alsace]]
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|dens=4,976|date-dens=1999
|dens=4,976|date-dens=1999
|}}
|}}
'''Mulhouse''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Mulhouse'', [[International Phonetic Alphabet|pronounced]] {{IPA|/myluz/}}; [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]]: ''Milhüsa''; [[German language|German]]: ''Mülhausen'') is a town and [[commune in France|commune]] in eastern [[France]] close to Swiss and German border. It is the largest town in [[Haut-Rhin]], and the second largest in [[Alsace]] after [[Strasbourg]]. Its designated local development area consists of 16 communes, but its [[conurbation]] is substantially larger than that.
'''Mulhouse''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|pronounced]] {{IPA|/myluz/}}; [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]]: '''Milhüsa'''; [[German language|German]]: '''Mülhausen''') is a town and [[commune in France|commune]] in eastern [[France]] close to Swiss and German border. It is the largest town in [[Haut-Rhin]], and the second largest in [[Alsace]] after [[Strasbourg]]. Its designated local development area consists of 16 communes, but its [[conurbation]] is substantially larger than that.


==Administration==
==Administration==
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==History==
==History==


The first written records of Mulhouse date from the [[12th century]]. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of [[Sundgau]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. 1354–1515 Mulhouse was part of the [[Décapole]], an association of ten [[Free Imperial Cities]] in Alsace. 1515 the City joined the [[Swiss Confederation]] as an associate and was therefore not annexed by France 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. It was then considered a free republic associated with the Swiss Confederation until it was annexed by France on January 4, [[1798]], during the [[French Directory]] period.
The first written records of Mulhouse date from the [[12th century]]. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of [[Sundgau]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. 1354–1515 Mülhausen was part of the [[Décapole]], an association of ten [[Free Imperial Cities]] in Alsace. 1515 the City joined the [[Swiss Confederation]] as an associate and was therefore not annexed by France 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. It was then considered a free republic associated with the Swiss Confederation until it was annexed by France on January 4, [[1798]], during the [[French Directory]] period.


From [[1870]] to [[1918]], Mulhouse belonged again to the [[German Empire]] as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The city was occupied by French troops on [[8 August]] [[1914]] at the start of [[First World War]], but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the [[Battle of Mulhouse]]. As a result of [[World War I]], [[Alsace-Lorraine]] was annexed by French in 1918. It was occupied and annexed again by [[Germany]] from [[1940]], until 'restored' to France at the close of the war in [[1945]].
From [[1870]] to [[1918]], Mülhausen belonged again to the [[German Empire]] as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The city was occupied by French troops on [[8 August]] [[1914]] at the start of [[First World War]], but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the [[Battle of Mulhouse]]. As a result of [[World War I]], [[Alsace-Lorraine]] was annexed by French in 1918. It was occupied and annexed again by [[Germany]] from [[1940]], until 'restored' to France at the close of the war in [[1945]].


The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the [[textile industry]] and [[tanning]], and subsequently by [[chemical industry|chemical]] and [[engineering industry|engineering industries]] from the mid [[18th century]]. In consequence Mulhouse has enduring links with [[Louisiana]], from which it imported [[cotton]], and also with the [[Levant]]. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.
The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the [[textile industry]] and [[tanning]], and subsequently by [[chemical industry|chemical]] and [[engineering industry|engineering industries]] from the mid [[18th century]]. In consequence Mulhouse has enduring links with [[Louisiana]], from which it imported [[cotton]], and also with the [[Levant]]. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.

Revision as of 07:04, 1 January 2007

Mulhouse
File:Mulhouse dot.png
Location of
Map
CountryFrance
ArrondissementMulhouse
CantonChief town of 4 cantons
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
68224 /

Mulhouse (pronounced /myluz/; Alsatian: Milhüsa; German: Mülhausen) is a town and commune in eastern France close to Swiss and German border. It is the largest town in Haut-Rhin, and the second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg. Its designated local development area consists of 16 communes, but its conurbation is substantially larger than that.

Administration

Mulhouse is the chief town of an arrondissement of the Haut-Rhin département, of which it is a sous-préfecture.

History

The first written records of Mulhouse date from the 12th century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of Sundgau in the Holy Roman Empire. 1354–1515 Mülhausen was part of the Décapole, an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. 1515 the City joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate and was therefore not annexed by France 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. It was then considered a free republic associated with the Swiss Confederation until it was annexed by France on January 4, 1798, during the French Directory period.

From 1870 to 1918, Mülhausen belonged again to the German Empire as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The city was occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of First World War, but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the Battle of Mulhouse. As a result of World War I, Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by French in 1918. It was occupied and annexed again by Germany from 1940, until 'restored' to France at the close of the war in 1945.

The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning, and subsequently by chemical and engineering industries from the mid 18th century. In consequence Mulhouse has enduring links with Louisiana, from which it imported cotton, and also with the Levant. The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.

Geography

Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill, both tributaries of the Rhine.

Districts

Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town.

  • The lower town was formerly the quarter of merchants and craftsmen. It developed around the Place de la Réunion (which commemorates its reunion with France). Nowadays this area is pedestrianised.
  • The upper town developed from the 18th century on. Previously, several monastic orders were established there, notably the Franciscans, Augustinians, Poor Clares and Knights of Malta.
  • The Nouveau Quartier (New Town) is the best example of urban planning in Mulhouse, and was developed from 1826 on, after the town walls had been removed (as they were in many French towns). It is focused around the Place de la République. Its network of streets and its triangular shape are a good demonstration of the town's desire for a planned layout. The planning was undertaken by the architects G. Stolz and Félix Fries. This quarter was taken up by rich families and the owners of local industries, who tended to be liberal and republican in their opinions.
  • The Rebberg district consists of grand houses inspired by the colonnaded residences of Louisiana cotton planters. Originally, this was the town's vineyard (the word reb meaning vine). The houses here were built as terraces in the English style, a result of the town's close relationship with Manchester, where the sons of industrialists were often sent to study.

Principal places of interest

Hôtel de Ville (Rathaus), Mulhouse
Société Industrielle building, Mulhouse

Principal economic activities

Transport

Mulhouse is served by Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg International Airport. Transport within Mulhouse is provided by a tram network, which opened on May 13, 2006[1] and is due to be further extended by 2008.

Miscellaneous

Births

Mulhouse was the birth place of:

Mayors of Mulhouse

  • Jean-Marie Bockel (since 1989)
  • Joseph Klifa (1981-1989)
  • Emile Muller (1956-1981)

Twin towns

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mulhouse.
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