2022 Costa Rican general election: Difference between revisions
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*Rodrigo Arias Sánchez, [[Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica|Former Minister of the Presidency]] (1986-1990;2006-2010), [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Former deputy]] (1986-1990) from [[Heredia Province|Heredia]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Quirós|first=Bharley|title=Rodrigo Arias tendría interés en ser presidente|url=https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/427964/rodrigo-arias-tendr-a-inter-s-en-ser-presidente|date=4 September 2020|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Diario Extra|location=|page=|number=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/politica/rodrigo-arias-se-identifica-con-carlos-ricardo/WHE3AP4HQ5DE5O47KZWF3PIIIM/story/|title=Rodrigo Arias apoya a Carlos Ricardo Benavides en convención del PLN|access-date=6 April 2021|last=Madrigal|number=Rebeca|date=5 April 2021|website=La Nación}}</ref> |
*Rodrigo Arias Sánchez, [[Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica|Former Minister of the Presidency]] (1986-1990;2006-2010), [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Former deputy]] (1986-1990) from [[Heredia Province|Heredia]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Quirós|first=Bharley|title=Rodrigo Arias tendría interés en ser presidente|url=https://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/427964/rodrigo-arias-tendr-a-inter-s-en-ser-presidente|date=4 September 2020|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Diario Extra|location=|page=|number=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/politica/rodrigo-arias-se-identifica-con-carlos-ricardo/WHE3AP4HQ5DE5O47KZWF3PIIIM/story/|title=Rodrigo Arias apoya a Carlos Ricardo Benavides en convención del PLN|access-date=6 April 2021|last=Madrigal|number=Rebeca|date=5 April 2021|website=La Nación}}</ref> |
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*Walter Herrera Cantillo, Economist and Electrical Engineer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observador.cr/precandidaturas-agitan-las-aguas-electorales-en-el-pln/|title=Precandidaturas agitan las aguas electorales en el PLN|date=February 3, 2021|first=Paula|last=Ruiz|work=El Observador}}</ref> |
*Walter Herrera Cantillo, Economist and Electrical Engineer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observador.cr/precandidaturas-agitan-las-aguas-electorales-en-el-pln/|title=Precandidaturas agitan las aguas electorales en el PLN|date=February 3, 2021|first=Paula|last=Ruiz|work=El Observador}}</ref> |
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*Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis, [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] (1994-1998).<ref>https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/rebeca-grynspan-rechaza-idea-de-ser-candidata-de-consenso-en-liberacion</ref> |
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===Social Christian Unity Party=== |
===Social Christian Unity Party=== |
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General elections are scheduled to be held in Costa Rica on Sunday, 6 February 2022, in accordance with the Constitution of Costa Rica, to elect the president, two vice-presidents and all 57 deputies of the Legislative Assembly. If none of the presidential nominees obtained at least 40% of the votes, a second electoral round will be held on Sunday, 3 April of that same year between the two candidates who have obtained the most votes. These will be the eighteenth elections of this type held in the country since the current Constitution was put in force.
Backstory
In the preceding elections, a second electoral round was held for the third time in history when no political party reached 40% of the votes. The two candidates with the most support were the then deputy, journalist, preacher and Christian music singer Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz of the conservative National Restoration party and the former Minister of Labor, journalist and writer Carlos Alvarado Quesada of the ruling Citizens' Action. The election was marked by social and religious issues that included issues such as same-sex marriage, the secular state, and sex education.[1][2] Carlos Alvarado was the winner in the second round by a wide margin; 60 over 39%.[3][4]
Leader of the opposition Fabricio Alvarado would resign National Restoration soon after founding a new party named New Republic and taking 6 out of 14 of Restoration's deputies.
Popular protests
One of the most controversial aspects of the Alvarado Quesada administration was the approval by the Legislative Assembly of the Law for the Strengthening of Public Finances, popularly known as the Fiscal Plan, which was opposed by both the right and the left, but it was supported by the benches of the majority parties; PLN, PAC and PUSC (ranging from center-right to center-left). Opposition to the project led to the 2018 Costa Rican union strike, one of the largest in recent history, but which did not have the effect of stopping the project.
The opposition to the tax reform, however, generated future protests coupled with other issues of discontent from specific sectors. In mid-2019, protests were raised by fishermen, truck drivers and high school students, the latter calling for the resignation of then Minister of Education Edgar Mora and closing national roads. The students demanded, among other things, the end of the FARO tests and the reestablishment of the traditional high school tests, improvement in infrastructure and the departure of Mora, who effectively resigned on 2 July 2019. The protests were supported by allies as dissimilar as the union movements traditionally associated with the left of leaders such as the unionist Albino Vargas as well as the ultra-conservative neo-Pentecostal political movement led by the presidential candidate Fabricio Alvarado and by far-right movements.[5]
Far-right growth
As in other countries, the phenomenon of the emergence of the extreme right and of movements that claim to be nationalist and irredentist appeared in Costa Rica. Different movements associated with ideas of the extreme right and opposed to immigration (especially Nicaraguan) proliferated in recent years.
In 2018, a wave of false news disseminated by Facebook pages with an ultra-right leaning have been identified as responsible for instigating hatred and increasing xenophobia.[6][7] The pages falsely spread that Nicaraguan groups had burned the Costa Rican flag (when they It was about Costa Rican anarchists in a demonstration many years before) and who had "taken over" La Merced park in San José (known as a meeting place for immigrants) when in fact a Nicaraguan flag had been temporarily raised to collect food for refugees.
A march against Nicaraguan migrants was held on 19 August 2018, in which neo-Nazi groups and hooligans participated.[8][9][10] Although not all the participants were linked to these groups, the protest turned violent and the Public Force intervened with a balance of 44 arrested, 36 Costa Ricans and the rest Nicaraguans.[11]
In 2019 Facebook social network pages such as Deputy 58, Costa Rican Resistance and Salvación Costa Rica described as "ultra-nationalists" and radically opposed to immigration called for an anti-government demonstration on 1 May, with little attendance.[12][13]
In 2019, a paramilitary group that calls itself the July 7 Patriot Front comes to light and makes a call through a video whose participants wore masks and fatigue clothes, to carry out a violent coup that would depose the government. Right-wing populist presidential candidate Juan Diego Castro accused the government of being behind the video and of being a hoax, although this turned out to be false when the judicial authorities discovered those responsible.[14]
The group was quickly identified by the police authorities and its leadership was arrested a few days after the incident.[15] The leaders apparently had links with the ultra-religious far right and the former Cobra Command that carried out violent activities against indigenous people in the 1990s.[16][17]
Candidates
Citizens' Action Party
In the Citizens' Action Party, rumors were heard about possible nominations by the president of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, Román Macaya Hayes and the ambassador to Spain and former vice president Ana Helena Chacón, however, Macaya denied it through a press release and Chacón assured that she could not refer to the matter due to her current position.[18] The Costa Rican Constitution establishes that the President may not run for immediate reelection. Furthermore, Ministers and Executive Presidents of the autonomous institutions have to resign at least twelve months before the election is held in case they wish to run for office.[19]
Publicly expressed
As of February 2021, the following people have publicly expressed interest about potentially pursuing candidacy
- Marta Zamora Castillo, PAC co-founder, Former deputy from Alajuela (2002-2006)[20]
- Hernán Solano Venegas, Former Minister of Sport and Recreation (2014-2021), Vice-Minister of Youth (2002-2006).[21]
- Edgar Mora Altamirano (es:Edgar Mora Altamirano), Education Minister (2018-2019); Mayor of Curridabat (2007-2018)[22]
Other potential candidates
- Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría, Costa Rican Ambassador in Spain (2018–present day), Former Vicepresident (2014-2018), Former deputy from San José (2006-2010)[23][24]
- Carolina Hidalgo Herrera, President of the Legislative Assembly (2018-2019) from Alajuela[25][26]
- Welmer Ramos González, Deputy (2018–present day) from Heredia, precandidate in 2018[27]
Declined to be candidates
- Román Macaya Hayes, Executive President of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, Former Ambassador to the United States (2014-2018), precandidate in 2010.[28]
- Daniel Salas Peraza, Minister of Health (2018–present day).[29]
- Laura Guido Pérez, Deputy (2018–present day) from Cartago
- Claudia Dobles Camargo; First Lady of Costa Rica (2018-present).[30]
National Liberation Party
It is rumored that former president José María Figueres Olsen would run in a second attempt to be reelected, since last season he tried to achieve the presidential nomination of the National Liberation Party being defeated in the 2017 primaries.[31] Although some rumors suggest that he could seek the presidency through another party founded for this purpose by figuerismo. In July 2019, the former president lashed out at the government and was the only one of the former presidents who did not sign a letter calling for peaceful dialogue, harshly criticizing not only the current government but also the administrations of the National Liberation and Christian Social Unity parties, describing them as "PLUSC", a traditional pejorative term towards Costa Rica's two party system.[32][33]
Among those who have expressed their interest in being presidential candidates are;[18] on the National Liberation Party (the main opposition): the former presidential candidate in 2018 Antonio Álvarez Desanti, the former president of the party and former president of the National Insurance Institute Guillermo Costenla, the former secretary-general and lawyer Fernando Zamora and the economist Gerardo Corrales. The former president José María Figueres Olsen, congresswoman Franggi Nicolás and former prime minister Rodrigo Arias Sánchez, brother of the former president and Nobel Peace Prize winner Óscar Arias, have also been rumored, although not confirmed.[18]
On February 20, 2021, the Amelia Rueda news site informed that Former President Óscar Arias Sánchez held a meeting with the other Former Presidents of the party, José María Figueres Olsen and Laura Chinchilla Miranda, in which he proposed that a consensus candidate should be picked. The proposal consisted in that each Former President would choose up to two possible candidates, and from that list, the Former Presidents would choose one candidate that would have to be ratified by the party's National Assembly. Neither Figueres Olsen nor Chinchilla Miranda have publicly spoken about Arias Sánchez's proposal.[34]
Registered candidates
Name | Birth | Previous offices | Home province | Campaign Start date |
Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
29 August 1969 (55) Puntarenas, Puntarenas |
San José Deputy (2018-present) President of the Legislative Assembly (2019-2020) Minister of the Presidency (2011-2014) Puntarenas Deputy (2002-2006) |
![]() San José |
Campaign
Announce: 24 March 2021 |
[35] |
File:Claudio Alpízar Otoya.pngClaudio Alpízar Otoya | 28 November 1962 (61) Hospital, San José |
Political scientist | ![]() San José |
Campaign
Announce: 5 January 2021 Start: 1 February 2021 |
[36][37] |
![]() José María Figueres Olsen |
24 December 1954 (69) Catedral, San José |
President of Costa Rica (1994-1998) President of the National Liberation Party (2015-2016) Minister of Agriculture (1989-1990) Minister of Comerce (2006-2010) |
![]() San José |
Campaign
Announce: 31 March 2021 Start: 15 April 2021 |
[38] |
![]() |
10 July 1960 (64) Alajuela, Alajuela |
Alajuela Deputy (2018-present) Mayor of Alajuela (2010-2018) Vice-minister of Policial Issues and Citizen Dialogue (2006-2010) |
![]() Alajuela |
Campaign
Announce: 15 February 2021 Start: 18 March 2021 |
[39] |
![]() |
20 August 1947 (77) Palmares, Palmares |
San José Deputy (1974-1978) Minister of Public Works and Transport (1982-1984) [Mayor of San José|Mayor]] of San José (1978-1980) Presidential candidate in 2002 and 2010 |
![]() San José |
Campaign
Announce: 9 February 2021 Start: 19 March 2021 |
[40] |
Retired
As of April 2021, the following people had publicly expressed interest about potentially pursuing candidacy but retired from the race:
- Fernando Zamora Castellanos, Secretary General of National Liberation Party (2014-2018) from San José, endorsing Figueres.[41][42]
- Guillermo Constenla Umaña, San José Deputy (1998-2002), Minister of Public Works and Transport from San José, endorsing Figueres.[43][44]
- Antonio Álvarez Desanti, President of the Legislative Assembly (1995-1996), (2016-2017), presidential candidate in 2006 and 2018 from San José, endorsing Figueres.[45][46][47]
- Rolando González Ulloa, Alajuela Deputy (1986-1990, 2006-2010), pre-candidate in 2018.[48]
Other potential candidates
As of February 2021, the following people have been subjects of significant speculation about their potential candidacy within the previous six months.
- Franggi Nicolás Solano, Deputy (2018–present day) from Puntarenas[49]
Declined to be candidates
- Laura Chinchilla Miranda, Former president (2010-2014)[50]
- Óscar Arias Sánchez, Former president (1986-1990;2006-2010)[51]
- Gerardo Corrales Brenes, Economist, banker and businessman[52]
- Rodrigo Arias Sánchez, Former Minister of the Presidency (1986-1990;2006-2010), Former deputy (1986-1990) from Heredia[53][54]
- Walter Herrera Cantillo, Economist and Electrical Engineer[55]
- Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis, Vice President of Costa Rica (1994-1998).[56]
Social Christian Unity Party
Pedro Múñoz, deputy, and lawyer Roberto Suñol have confirmed for the Partido Unidad Social Cristiana.[18] The two former candidates Rodolfo Piza Rocafort and Rafael Ortiz Fábrega are in diplomatic posts abroad.[18] In December 2020, several representatives of the party faction known as "Gente Unidad" sent a letter to former president Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, with the purpose of talking about establishing a coalition with his current party, the Social Christian Republican Party and other ideologically similar parties for the 2022 election.[57] Former President Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría, who is still a PUSC member supported the idea of a PUSC-led coalition,[58] yet said proposal was denied by the party's Executive President, Randall Quirós Bustamante, allegedly due to lack of time.[59]
On February 7, 2021, the party's National Assembly voted 56-32 against Former President Rodriguez Echeverría's motion for an electoral coalition led by the Social Christian Unity Party and with the participation of "Social Christian, Conservative, Liberal, and Evangelical political groups."[60]
Registered candidates
Name | Birth | Previous offices | Home province |
Campaign Start date |
References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Erwen Masís Castro |
14 March 1982 (42) Alajuela, Alajuela |
Alajuela Deputy (2018-present) Mayor of San Mateo (2007-2011) |
![]() Alajuela |
Campaign
Announce: 15 March 2021 |
[61] |
![]() Lineth Saborío Chaverri |
4 de noviembre de 1960 (63) Grecia, Grecia |
Vice President of Costa Rica (2002-2006) Minister of the Presidency (2004-2006) Minister of Planning (2003-2004) Director Organismo de Investigación Judicial (1997-2002) |
![]() San José |
Campaign Announce and Start: 4 April 2021 |
[62] |
![]() Pedro Muñoz Fonseca |
31 July 1968 (56) Liberia, Liberia |
San José Deputy (2018-presente) President of Social Christian Unity Party (2014-2018) Alderman at Liberia Municipal Council (2006-2010) |
![]() San José |
Campaign
Announce: 9 February 2021 Start: 17 March 2021 |
[46] |
Retired
As of April 2021, the following people had publicly expressed interest about potentially pursuing candidacy but retired from the race:
- Juan José Vargas Fallas, Homeland First Party's presidential candidate in 2006, Former Deputy originally elected under PAC's list, then independent (2002-2006) from San José[63]
- Roberto Suñol Prego, Vicepresidential nominee in 2018, precandidate in 2014[64][65]
Declined to be candidate
- Rodolfo Méndez Mata, Minister of Public Works and Transport (1978-1980; 1998-2000; 2018-present day), precandidate in 1982 and 2002.[66]
- Rodolfo Piza Rocafort, Minister of the Presidency (2018-2019), presidential candidate 2014 and 2018.[67][68]
Independents
Former Minister of Finance of Carlos Alvarado's administration and former Officer of the World Bank Rodrigo Chaves Robles has held meetings with representatives of seven political parties, of which the Social Christian Republican Party and National Integration Party are part of said list, in order to set a programmatic proposal and a possible electoral coalition in which he, preferably, would be the presidential nominee.[69] According to Chaves "What I have said is that first of all one can not talk of a long trip if one does not have a vehicle. Secondly, much less talk of the chauffeur of a vehicle that does not exist. What I agree with them is that in this county over 60% of the electorate do not feel represented or appetite to support any of the currently existing parties."[70]
Other parties
Several former candidates who participated in the process have already announced their interest in being candidates again. In most cases, these candidates resigned from the parties for which they tried to obtain the presidency and began the processes of founding new political groups. One of the first to make the announcement was the criminal lawyer, former Minister of Justice and former Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Costa Rica Juan Diego Castro Fernández, who announced the creation of a new party called "Reconstruction" after his unfriendly break with the National Integration Party.[71][72] In January 2021 Castro announced that the attempts on founding the new party were cancelled due to logistical difficulties.[73] Natalia Díaz Quintana, former deputy and former presidential candidate for the defunct Libertarian Movement who lost in the primaries of said party to the historic leader Otto Guevara Guth, announced the creation of a new liberal party called Unidos Podemos, unrelated to the Spanish coalition of the same name, although similarly using the color purple.[74][75] Díaz had previously resigned from the Libertarian and even gave his adhesion to the candidate of the National Liberation Party Antonio Álvarez Desanti in the 2018 election. Otto Guevara himself has announced that he does not rule out a sixth presidential candidacy, although due to the critical financial situation affected by all kinds of debts carried after the serious electoral setbacks suffered in the past campaigns, Guevara founded another new party named Liberal Union.[76][77]
Fabricio Alvarado, who was one of the most voted candidates in the previous election, announced his separation from the party for which he was a deputy and candidate through his Facebook account and the creation of a new political party called Nueva República, assuring is a now secular party, not religious one as Restauración.[78]
The deputy of Romanian origin Dragos Dolanescu Valenciano announced his presidential candidacy through a new political formation called Fair Costa Rica after his departure from the Republican Social Christian Party following accusations of alleged financial misstatement lodged by the party's Executive Committee against him in the General Prosecutor's office.[79]
In National Restoration, a party that played an important role in the last election, but whose candidate on that occasion quit the party, current President of the Legislative Assembly Eduardo Cruickshank is rumored as a possible candidate.[18] While Sergio Mena Díaz would be repeating for the third time the presidential candidacy with double nomination for deputy also for the third time by the right-wing New Generation Party.
Possible right-wing coalition
At the beginning of 2020, Pedro Muñoz Fonseca president of Social Christian Unity Party, Mario Redondo Poveda of the Christian Democratic Alliance and Otto Guevara Guth of the Liberal Union began negotiations for the creation of a liberal right-wing coalition with the self-proclaimed goal of preventing a third consecutive PAC government.[80] Although Natalia Díaz Quintana of Unidos Podemos was invited, she declined to participate preferring to go to the elections alone. The participation of Eliécer Feinzaig Mintz of the Liberal Progressive Party in the negotiations was reported in principle, but representatives of the party denied it later.[81] The proposal of a Social Christian-Liberal coalition was further supported by former president Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría.[82] Nonetheless the proposal was ruled out by the Social Christian Unity Party's National Assembly.[83] Despite PUSC's reluctance to form a coalition, the Christian Democratic Alliance and the Liberal Progressive Party have continued talks regarding a coalition.[84]
Opinion polling
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Pollster/client(s) | Date(s) conducted |
FA | PAC | PIN | PLN | PNG | PNR | PREN | PRSC | PUSC | Other | None | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borge y Asociados/Amelia Rueda | 6 - 18 Feb 2021 | - | 7.5% | - | 20.9% | - | 3.3% | - | - | 5.7% | 57.4% | 13.4% | |
OPol/El Guardián CR | 6 - 8 Jan 2021 | 3.1% | 5.7% | 0.6% | 19.5% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 1.8% | 0.5% | 9.6% | 55.5% | 9.9% | |
2020 municipal elections | 2 Feb 2020 | 2.09% | 7.34% | 2.38% | 31.42% | 4.69% | 5.46% | 3.99% | 4.25% | 17.35% | 21.03% | 63.07%[a] | 14.07% |
CID Gallup/Diario Extra | 29 May 2019 | 1% | 10% | - | 21% | - | - | 3% | - | 6% | 57% | 11% | |
Fabricio Alvarado leaves National Restoration Party and creates the New Republic Party | |||||||||||||
2018 election | 4 Feb 2018 | 0.78% | 21.63% | 9.54% | 18.63% | 0.76% | - | 24.99% | 4.94% | 15.99% | 2.74% | 34.30%[b] | 3.36% |
Notes
References
- ^ Murillo, Álvaro; Rodríguez, Frank (24 January 2018). "Shock religioso impacta apoyo a candidatos". CIEP (UCR). Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
- ^ Herrera, Kimberly (22 January 2018). "TSE ha recibido 129 denuncias por uso de religión en campaña política". Mundo. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- ^ Garcia, David Alire; Pretel, Enrique Andres. "Costa Rica center-left easily wins presidency in vote fought on gay rights". Reuters. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ Stanley, Katherine. "Carlos Alvarado wins Costa Rica's presidency in a landslide". The Tico Times. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ Avendaño, Manuel (19 November 2019). "El coqueteo político entre Nueva República y Albino Vargas". La República. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- ^ Mora Pérez, Kenneth (12 April 2018). "El efecto de las noticias falsas o fake news y ¿cómo detectarlas?". Hoy en el TEC. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ "Las 'fake news' en Costa Rica desatan la xenofobia contra los nicaragüenses". El País. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Rico (18 August 2018). "44 arrested for xenophobic attacks against Nicaraguans in San José". QCosta Rica. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ "Costa Rica: symboles nazis lors d'une manifestation anti-migrants nicaraguayens". Journal de Montreal. 19 August 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ Castillo, Bryan (18 August 2018). "'Neonazis' e integrantes de barras de fútbol participaron en agresiones a nicaragüenses". La Teja. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ "Costa Rica: violenta protesta contra inmigración nicaragüense". DW. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ Chinchilla, Aarón (30 April 2019). "Ultranacionalistas costarricenses convocan marcha contra Gobierno en 1 de Mayo". El Periódico. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ Cartín, Cristian (30 April 2019). "Llaman a concentrarse contra Carlos Alvarado". Diario Extra. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ Gómez, Dylan (13 July 2019). "Juan Diego Castro sigue pensando que video de grupo armado es un show del PAC". NCR. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- ^ Solano, Hugo; Salas, Yeryis (13 July 2019). "Líderes de comando que difundía videos incitando a la violencia serán procesados por motín". La Nación. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Salas, Yeryis (14 July 2019). "Líder del 'Brazo Armado del Pueblo' y candidato a alcalde: el historial del detenido por video con amenazas al presidente". La Nación. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Quirós, Juan Manuel (13 July 2019). "Minor Masís y la infame historia del Comando Cobra". Teletica. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Ruiz, Paula (6 December 2020). "Figuras políticas anuncian su interés por postularse como precandidatos presidenciales". El Observador. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
- ^ Quirós, Bharley. "Solo queda un mes para renuncia de jerarcas que aspiren a la presidencia o vicepresidencia de la República". Diario Extra. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban. "Exdiputada del PAC Martha Zamora se convierte en primera mujer en postularse para 2022". La República. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Madrigal, Rebeca. "Ministro de Deportes renuncia para aspirar a la candidatura del PAC en las próximas elecciones". La Nación. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Tomás (9 April 2021). "Candidatura de exministro de Educación Edgar Mora cobra fuerza en el PAC; plazos presionan al oficialismo". El Observador. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Gutiérrez, María José. "Cuatro mujeres se mencionan con posibilidades de ser candidatas presidenciales". elmundo.cr. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban. "Usuarios de Internet firman petición para pedirle a Ana Helena Chacón que se postule a la Presidencia". La República. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban. "Diputada Carolina Hidalgo del PAC piensa en postularse para la presidencia". La República. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban. "Carolina Hidalgo: "Quiero inspirar a otras mujeres para abrir más espacios en la política"". La República. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Pérez, Wendy. "Welmer Ramos no descarta ser precandidato en el PAC". elmundo.cr. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Mora, Andrea. "Román Macaya y Daniel Salas descartan candidatura presidencial para 2022". Delfino.cr. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Mora, Andrea. "Román Macaya y Daniel Salas descartan candidatura presidencial para 2022". Delfino.cr. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban (22 May 2019). "Mujeres presidenciables se asoman en el horizonte". La República. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ^ Ruiz, Gerardo (12 January 2019). "Figueres baja tono". CRHoy. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Madrigal, Rebeca (13 July 2019). "Memoria vuelve a traicionar a José María Figueres". La Nación. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Madrigal, Rebeca (4 July 2019). "Figueres: 'Me identifico con el malestar nacional' por los problemas que nacieron en los últimos cuatro gobiernos". La Nación. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ Jiménez, Antonio. "Arias habla con Figueres y Chinchilla para que los tres propongan candidato de consenso en PLN". Amelia Rueda. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- ^ Madrigal, Luis Manuel (24 March 2021). "Carlos Ricardo Benavides oficializa su precandidatura presidencial por el PLN". delfino.cr. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ González, Rodolfo (5 January 2021). "Politólogo Claudio Alpízar busca precandidatura en PLN". Teletica. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban (1 February 2021). "Claudio Alpízar lanza precandidatura con el PLN para cambiar Costa Rica y levanta polémica". La República. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Jiménez. "José María Figueres confirma aspiraciones a la presidencia con el PLN". La Nación. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban (15 February 2021). "Roberto Thompson confirma aspiraciones presidenciales por Liberación". La República. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ Gutiérrez, María José (9 February 2021). "Rolando Araya: Estoy preparado para ir a la convención del PLN". elmundo.cr. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Fernando Zamora confirma que peleará candidatura del PLN". CRC89.1 Radio. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
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