List of heads of state of Russia: Difference between revisions
→Bolsheviks (Russian Soviet Republic): Fixed typo. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Doomer1557 (talk | contribs) The white forces were too fragmented to single out a certain leader among them. |
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== Russian |
== Russian Soviet Federalistic Socialistic Republic (1917–1923)== |
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=== [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Bolsheviks]] (Russian Soviet Republic) === |
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Between the finalization of candidate lists and the election, the [[October Revolution]] broke out, which ended the reign of the Provisional Government. A new government took charge of the country, the [[Council of People's Commissars]]. Although it still pledged to go ahead with the election, the Bolsheviks banned most of the parties that were not left-wing, forcefully disbanishing the elected Constituent Assembly nonetheless. |
Between the finalization of candidate lists and the election, the [[October Revolution]] broke out, which ended the reign of the Provisional Government. A new government took charge of the country, the [[Council of People's Commissars]]. Although it still pledged to go ahead with the election, the Bolsheviks banned most of the parties that were not left-wing, forcefully disbanishing the elected Constituent Assembly nonetheless. |
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|30 March 1919 |
|30 March 1919 |
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|30 December 1922 |
|30 December 1922 |
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=== Anti-Bolshevik forces === |
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The Constituent Assembly quorum met in the [[Tauride Palace]] in [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]], on 18–19 January [O.S. 5–6 Jan.] 1918. Viktor Chernov, leader of the Right [[Socialist Revolutionary Party|SRs]], was elected Chairman of the Assembly. The next day the Assembly declared dissolved by the Bolshevik government. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; width="60%" |
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!colspan="7" |Chairman of [[Russian Constituent Assembly]] |
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|- |
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!colspan = 2|Picture |
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!Name |
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! colspan="2" |Term of office |
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!Party |
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|- |
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|style="background:pink"| |
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|[[File:Chernov.jpg|80px]] |
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|'''[[Viktor Chernov]]'''<br><small>(1873–1952)</small> |
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|{{OldStyleDateNY|18|5}} January 1918 |
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|{{OldStyleDateNY|19|6}} January 1918 |
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|[[Socialist-Revolutionary Party|PSR]] |
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On 23 September 1918, the ''Act on the Formation of the All-Russian Supreme Power'' adopted by the State Conference in [[Ufa]] created the [[Provisional All-Russian Government]] (also known as Ufa Directory) and established that this government would be ''"until the convocation of the [[Russian Constituent Assembly]]"''. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; width="60%" |
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!colspan="7" |Chairman of [[Provisional All-Russian Government]] |
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|- |
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!colspan = 2|Picture |
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!Name |
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! colspan="2" |Term of office |
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!Party |
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|- |
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|style="background:pink"| |
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|[[File:Nikolay Avksentyev.jpg|80px]] |
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|'''[[Nikolai Avksentiev]]'''<br><small>(1878–1943)</small> |
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|23 September 1918 |
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|18 November 1918 |
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|[[Socialist-Revolutionary Party|PSR]] |
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The Directory ceased to function as a result of the events of the night of November 17-18, 1918, when a group of Cossack troops deployed in [[Omsk]] arrested the members of the Directory, including its Chairman [[Nikolai Avksentiev]]. On the meeting of Council of Ministers the next day, Vice Admiral [[Alexander Kolchak]], who was simultaneously promoted to full admiral, was elected to the post of Supreme Ruler. After Kolchak's arrest and execution in early 1920, the remaining leaders of the [[White movement]] refused to assume this title. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; width="40%" |
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!colspan="6" |[[Supreme Ruler of Russia]] |
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|- |
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!Picture |
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!Name |
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! colspan="2" |Term of office |
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|- |
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|[[File:Vice-AdmiralKolchak.jpg|80px]] |
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|'''[[Alexander Kolchak]]'''<br><small>(1874–1920)</small> |
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|18 November 1918 |
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|7 February 1920{{Executed}} |
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! style="background:#A0A0A0" | |
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== |
== Russian Federation (since 1991)== |
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On March 17, 1991, the [[1991 Russian presidential referendum|all-Russian referendum]] on the introduction of the post of President of Russia was held. More than 70% of citizens voted for the introduction of the post of President, elected by direct vote. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin won 57% of the popular vote in the [[1991 Russian presidential election|presidential election]]. [[First inauguration of Boris Yeltsin|Yeltsin's inauguration]] took place on 10 July, with the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|subsequent events of the next half a year]] making him a head of an independent [[Post-Soviet states|post-Soviet state]], that was renamed to ''"[[Russian Federation]]"'' on 25 December. |
On March 17, 1991, the [[1991 Russian presidential referendum|all-Russian referendum]] on the introduction of the post of President of Russia was held. More than 70% of citizens voted for the introduction of the post of President, elected by direct vote. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin won 57% of the popular vote in the [[1991 Russian presidential election|presidential election]]. [[First inauguration of Boris Yeltsin|Yeltsin's inauguration]] took place on 10 July, with the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|subsequent events of the next half a year]] making him a head of an independent [[Post-Soviet states|post-Soviet state]], that was renamed to ''"[[Russian Federation]]"'' on 25 December. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; width="70%" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"; width="70%" |
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!rowspan = 2; style="background:#A0A0A0" | |
!rowspan = 2; style="background:#A0A0A0" | |
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!rowspan = 2|1 |
!rowspan = 2|1 |
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|rowspan = 2|[[File:Борис Николаевич Ельцин |
|rowspan = 2|[[File:Борис Николаевич Ельцин.jpg|123x123px]] |
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|rowspan = 2|'''[[Boris Yeltsin]]'''<br><small>(1931–[[Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin|2007]])</small> |
|rowspan = 2|'''[[Boris Yeltsin]]'''<br><small>(1931–[[Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin|2007]])</small> |
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|rowspan = 2|10 July 1991 |
|rowspan = 2|10 July 1991 |
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! style="background:#A0A0A0" | |
! style="background:#A0A0A0" | |
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!— |
!— |
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| rowspan="3" |[[File:Vladimir Putin |
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (2nd Presidency).jpg|123x123px]] |
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|[[Vladimir Putin]]<br><small>''Acting''</small> |
|[[Vladimir Putin]]<br><small>''Acting''</small> |
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|31 December 1999 |
|31 December 1999 |
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! style="background:{{United Russia/meta/color}}" | |
! style="background:{{United Russia/meta/color}}" | |
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!3 |
!3 |
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|[[File:Dmitry Medvedev |
|[[File:Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev.jpg|123x123px]] |
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|'''[[Dmitry Medvedev]]'''<br><small>(b. 1965)</small> |
|'''[[Dmitry Medvedev]]'''<br><small>(b. 1965)</small> |
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|7 May 2008 |
|7 May 2008 |
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! style="background:{{United Russia/meta/color}}"| |
! style="background:{{United Russia/meta/color}}"| |
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!rowspan = 2|4 |
!rowspan = 2|4 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Vladimir Putin ( |
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (2nd Presidency).jpg|123x123px]] |
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| rowspan="2" |'''[[Vladimir Putin]]'''<br><small>(b. 1952)</small> |
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Vladimir Putin]]'''<br><small>(b. 1952)</small> |
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| rowspan="2" |7 May 2012 |
| rowspan="2" |7 May 2012 |
Revision as of 10:58, 21 June 2021
This is the list of the heads of state of Russia after the monarchy had been abolished in 1917. For a more detailed, but shorter list, go to List of presidents of Russia. For leaders prior to 1917, see List of Russian rulers.
Provisional Government (1917)
With the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II after the February Revolution of 1917, power in Russia passed to the Provisional Government formed by the liberal leadership of the Duma. Grand Duke Michael had refused to ascend to his older brother's throne without the consent of an elected Constituent Assembly, and it was broadly assumed that the Assembly would be the only body with the authority to change the form of government. However after a failed coup attempt against the Provisional Government the Russian Republic was proclaimed by Minister-President Kerensky. The elections were scheduled for 25 [O.S. 12] November 1917.
Ministers-Chairmen of the Russian Provisional Government | ||||||
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# | Picture | Name | Term of office | Party | ||
style="background:Template:Constitutional Democratic Party/meta/color" | | 1 | Georgy Lvov (1861–1925) |
15 [O.S. 2] March 1917 | 21 [O.S. 8] July 1917 | KD | |
2 | Alexander Kerensky (1881–1970) |
21 [O.S. 8] July 1917 | 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917 | PSR (Trudovik faction) |
Russian Soviet Federalistic Socialistic Republic (1917–1923)
Between the finalization of candidate lists and the election, the October Revolution broke out, which ended the reign of the Provisional Government. A new government took charge of the country, the Council of People's Commissars. Although it still pledged to go ahead with the election, the Bolsheviks banned most of the parties that were not left-wing, forcefully disbanishing the elected Constituent Assembly nonetheless.
Formally, the head of state was the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, but de facto the Bolshevik-controlled area was headed by Vladimir Lenin as the leader of the party and Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
Chairmen of All-Russian Central Executive Committee | ||||||
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# | Picture | Name | Term of office | Party | ||
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Russian Federation/meta/color" | | 1 | Lev Kamenev (1883–1936) |
9 November [O.S. 27 October] 1917 | 21 [O.S. 8] November 1917 | RSDLP(b) | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Russian Federation/meta/color" | | 2 | Yakov Sverdlov (1885–1919) |
21 [O.S. 8] November 1917 | 16 March 1919 † | RSDLP(b)→ RCP(b) (renaming) | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Russian Federation/meta/color" | | — | Mikhail Vladimirsky Acting |
16 March 1919 | 30 March 1919 | RCP(b) | |
style="background:Template:Communist Party of the Russian Federation/meta/color" | | 3 | Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946) |
30 March 1919 | 30 December 1922 |
RSFSR as part of the Soviet Union (1922–1991)
On 30 December 1922, the RSFSR became part of the Soviet Union. Until 1938, the head of the Russian Central Executive Committee remained the head of the republic. In 1938, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR was formed. Prior to 1990, de jure leader of the RSFSR, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, exercised only nominal duties, while most of the actual power both in the republic and the overall union was in the hands of the Bolshevik Party leaders. Following the adoption of amendments to the Constitution in 1989, the office of Chairman of the Presidium was removed, and the position of the Russian head of state passed directly to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet in May 1990.
Russian Federation (since 1991)
On March 17, 1991, the all-Russian referendum on the introduction of the post of President of Russia was held. More than 70% of citizens voted for the introduction of the post of President, elected by direct vote. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin won 57% of the popular vote in the presidential election. Yeltsin's inauguration took place on 10 July, with the subsequent events of the next half a year making him a head of an independent post-Soviet state, that was renamed to "Russian Federation" on 25 December.
Presidents of the Russian Federation | |||||||
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# | Picture | Name | Term of office | Elected | Party | ||
1 | Boris Yeltsin (1931–2007) |
10 July 1991 | 31 December 1999 (resigned) |
1991 | Independent | ||
1996 | |||||||
— | Vladimir Putin Acting |
31 December 1999 | 7 May 2000 | ||||
2 | Vladimir Putin (b. 1952) |
7 May 2000 | 7 May 2008 | 2000 | |||
2004 | |||||||
style="background:Template:United Russia/meta/color" | | 3 | Dmitry Medvedev (b. 1965) |
7 May 2008 | 7 May 2012 | 2008 | United Russia | |
style="background:Template:United Russia/meta/color"| | 4 | Vladimir Putin (b. 1952) |
7 May 2012 | incumbent term expires 7 May 2024 |
2012 | ||
2018 | Independent |