2022 European heatwaves: Difference between revisions

2022 European heat waves
	Temperatures in Europe from 3 to 9 July 2022
Type	Heat wave
Areas	Croatia; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Switzerland; United Kingdom;
Start date	12 June 2022
End date	Ongoing
Peak temp.	47 °C (117 °F), recorded at Pinhão, Portugal
Losses
Deaths	3,651 Germany: 1,636; Ireland: 4; Poland: 3; Portugal: 659; Spain: 1,339; United Kingdom: 10;

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Revision as of 07:48, 20 July 2022

In June and July 2022, persistent heat waves affected parts of Central, Southern, and Western Europe, causing wildfires. In June, temperatures of 40–43 °C (104–109 °F) were recorded in parts of Europe, with most severe temperature anomalies in France, where several records were broken.^[1] A second heat wave occurred mid-July, extending north to the United Kingdom, where temperatures surpassing 40 °C (104 °F) were recorded for the first time in history.^[2] Climatologists have attributed the intensity of the heat wave to climate change.^[3]

The highest temperature recorded was 47.0 °C (116.6 °F) in Pinhão, Portugal on 14 July.^[4]

Meteorology

The June heat wave was due to an interaction between the high pressures that generate atmospheric stability and Storm Alex, the strong sunshine of the boreal summer, and an air mass coming from North Africa, which entered the Iberian Peninsula loaded with suspended dust (that caused haze in the center and south of the peninsula).^[5]^[6]^[7]

Climatologists linked the extreme heat to the impact of climate change, and experts predict that changes in the jet stream as a result of climate change will cause heat waves with increasing frequency in Europe.^[8]^[9]

By country

France

June heat wave

On 16 June, Météo-France activated the red alert in 12 departments and the orange alert in another 25 due to a heat wave. The departments on red alert were mainly those located in the southwest, along the Atlantic coast and the south; it was generally less severe further north and east. This was the earliest heat wave since records began and the fourth time a red heat alert has been issued since the protocol was activated after the 2003 heat wave.^[10]

On 17 June, the red alert was activated in 14 more departments, adding the Hautes-Pyrénées and the Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the twelve of the previous day. Likewise, the orange alert was activated in 56 more departments.^[11]

July heat wave

In July, an estimated total of more than 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) were burnt by wildfires in Gironde, causing a total of over 12,000 people to be evacuated.^[12]

Germany

From 14 to 20 June, Germany saw 1636 excess deaths to which high temperatures reaching 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) likely contributed.^[13]^[14] The following week saw excess deaths spike by 14%.

Ireland

Met Éireann issued a high temperature advisory on 13 July for Ireland, with temperatures forecast to reach the high twenties and possibly exceeding 30 °C (86 °F) from Sunday 17 to Tuesday 19 July.^[15] Met Éireann subsequently issued a Status Yellow high temperature warning for Ireland on 15 July, with "exceptionally" high temperatures possibly up to 32 °C (90 °F) forecast.^[16]

On Monday 18 July, a temperature of 33 °C (91 °F) was reported at Phoenix Park in Dublin, one of the highest temperature ever recorded in Ireland, breaking temperature records for the 21st and 20th centuries.^[17]^[18] The highest temperature ever recorded in Ireland was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) at Kilkenny Castle in 1887 but some people in recent years have called for it to be reassessed.^[17]

Four people have died in the country since 11 July in water-related incidents in County Kerry, County Laois, County Dublin and County Clare.^[19]

Italy

Wildfires were three times the historical average by the end of June.^[20] Temperatures in downtown Rome reached 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) on 28 June.^[21] A glacier on the mountain of Marmolada collapsed on 4 July, killing eleven. The collapse was attributed to the abnormally warm temperature.^[22] On 5 July, a state of emergency was declared in five northern regions in response to a severe drought in the Po valley, the worst in seventy years, and later also for Tuscany.^[23]

On the evening of 18 July a large fire breaks out in Massarosa (Province of Lucca), which extends for over 500 hectares (20th July) until it reaches the Province of Pisa.^[24]^[25]^[26]

Netherlands

On 18 July, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute issued a code orange heat warning for the central and southern provinces of the Netherlands, with forecasted temperatures of 36 °C (97 °F) in central provinces and 38–39 °C (100–102 °F) in the south on Tuesday, 19 July.^[27] Extreme heat is rare in the Netherlands: there have been only 9 days with temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) since the start of measurement at the central weather station in 1901 (as of 18 July 2022).^[28] In 2019, The Netherlands experienced temperatures surpassing 40 °C (104 °F) for the first time in recorded history.

Norway

June heat wave

On 28 June, Tromsø reached 29.7 °C (85.5 °F), a record for June.^[21] Mehamn reached 30.8 °C (87.4 °F), higher than its previous record for June by almost 10 degrees.^[21] Saltdal set a record for June with temperatures reaching 31.6 °C (88.9 °F).^[21]

July heat wave

In July, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute reported that several areas may reach temperatures higher than 30 °C (86 °F).^[29]^[30] In Stavanger, temperatures are forecasted to reach 32 °C (90 °F).^[31] In Nordland, 20 and 21 July, will be the hottest days, with temperatures higher than 25 °C (77 °F).^[32] In Øst-Finnmark and Finnmarksvidda, temperatures will be highest on 21 and 22 July, reaching around 25 °C (77 °F).^[32] However, the Meteorological Insitute does not believe any national records will be broken.^[29]^[30]^[31] The national broadcaster, NRK, warned about the effects on mental health by extreme heat, including increased suicide rates and aggression.^[33]

Poland

On 19 June, temperatures in western Poland exceeded 36 °C (97 °F). In Słubice, the maximum temperature reached 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). This equals the record for the highest June temperature (a record set in 2019).^[34] Once again, temperatures peaked towards the end of the month. On 30 June, 9 meteorological stations recorded record-breaking highest monthly temperatures. The setting of new monthly records was also recorded on 1 July. In Tarnów, the temperature reached 37.7 °C (99.9 °F), breaking the record for the highest temperature in July. Krosno recorded 35.5 °C (95.9 °F) which is the highest temperature for that station overall.^[35]

On 22 June, a 1-year-old boy mistakenly left in a car died in Szczecin.^[36] On 24 June, a man died in the queue of cars to the Polish-Ukrainian border. His death was caused by suspected overheating.^[37] On 26 June in Płońsk, a man died from suspected sunstroke.^[38]

Portugal

In July, over 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) were burnt by wildfires in Leiria, blocking a part of the A1 which runs from Porto to Lisbon. In Algarve, a fire broke out in the city of Faro, which spread to the Quinta do Lago resort. According to the Civil Protection Authority, at least 135 people have been injuried since wildfires began, and about 800 people have been evacuated from their homes.^[39] A pilot died when his waterbombing plane crashed in Vila Nova de Foz Côa while combating wildfires in the region.^[12] At least 238 people died due to heat,^[40] and later the number of injuries rose to 187.^[41] By July 17, the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health reported some 659 excess deaths related to the heat wave.^[42]

Spain

June heat wave

The special warning due to high temperatures was activated by the AEMET on 10 June, but only for 12 provinces and with yellow alerts in Aragon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura and Madrid, and orange in Andalusia.^[5] In this first stage, the unusual heat did not affect the Canary Islands, Galicia, the western Cantabrian coast and points of the peninsular Mediterranean coast.^[43] Initially, the AEMET predicted that the heat wave would last until Wednesday, 15 June, without ruling out that it could continue the rest of the week.^[5]

On 11 June, high temperatures were already recorded in the southwest of the peninsula, with 41 °C (106 °F) in Seville. The alerts also remained activated for Aragon, Castile and León, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia and Madrid at a yellow level, and at an orange level for Extremadura and Andalusia.^[44] However, the weather conditions did not meet the official criteria to start the heat wave.^[45]

On June 12, thermometers registered 43.2 °C (109.8 °F) in Almadén (Ciudad Real), the highest value on the official start day of the heat wave. Temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) were also recorded at 47 stations in the AEMET network. Likewise, the agency issued special notice number 3/2022 with information about the phenomenon, its forecast and notified the beginning of the national plan of preventive actions for the effects of excess temperatures on health with a level assignment map.^[43]

On 14 June, the heat wave spread to the south of Galicia and the interior of the Cantabrian Sea. Tropical nights also continued, with thermometers that did not drop below 20 °C (68 °F) in many provinces, highlighting Jaén, where a minimum of 27 °C (81 °F) was expected. On the other hand, it was predicted that the peak of the heat wave would be reached on Friday, 17 June, the date on which some temperature records could be broken in cities such as Zaragoza, Lleida and Córdoba.^[46]

The only points in Spain that have not been affected so far from the heat wave are Asturias, the Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.^[47] In its daily statement, AEMET predicted the end of the weather episode for Saturday, due to the dana in the Atlantic, which injects hot African air, approaches the peninsula causing instability and a drop in temperatures.^[48]

Rubén del Campo, spokesman for AEMET, stated that it was the "most intense heat wave for mid-June of, at least, the last 20 years".^[47]

15 June was the first day of application of the "Iberian exception" by which the regulated price of electricity is calculated with the cap on gas for its generation. The PVPC is the voluntary price for the small consumer, for which more will be paid in the electricity bill for compensation to thermal power plants and the greater use of gas and coal in the midst of a heat wave. When this unusual heat wave subsides, it will be seen if the bills referenced to the PVPC go down, when not all the air conditioners are on at the same time.^[49]

18 June was the last day of the extraordinary heat wave that Spain suffered between 11–12 and 18 June, being "intense, extensive and extraordinary", according to the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), which highlights that, in addition, this episode of heat in the spring has been one of the earliest in the country since records began.^[50]

Between 11 and 20 June, 829 people died due to the heat.^[51]

July heat wave

In July, Extremadura experienced wildfires which spread to Salamanca in Castile and León and burnt more than 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres).^[39]

On 14 July, the Carlos III Health Institute said that at least 43 people had died on 10 and 11 July from the heat.^[52]

On 16 July, it was reported that at least 360 people died between 10 July and 15 July due to heat.^[53]

On 17 July a wildfire was declared in el Pont de Vilomara, in central Catalonia.^[54]

On 18 July the Carlos III Health Institute reported an additional 150 heat-related deaths on 16 July, bringing the total death toll to 510 people.^[55]

Switzerland

On 15 June, a heat wave alert was activated in the canton of Ticino.^[56] The following day, 16 June, the cantons of Geneva and Vaud issued alerts.^[57]

On the 16 June, the Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) reported that temperatures of 31–33 °C (88–91 °F) had been measured in the southern Alps, central Valais and the Lake Geneva region, but had only exceeded the threshold to be considered a heat wave (average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) throughout the day) at the local level.^[58]

On 17 June, MeteoSwiss activated orange and yellow alerts for heat waves in most of the country. Maximum temperatures of 32–37 °C (90–99 °F) were expected between 17 June and 21 June in low-lying areas of Valais and Romande Switzerland, and between 18 June and 21 June in the Basel region.^[58]

United Kingdom

June heat wave

On 14 June, in view of the Met Office's forecast of high temperatures, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) issued Level 2 "alert and readiness" alerts in several regions for the period between midnight on 16 June and midnight on 18 June. The affected regions were London, the East Midlands, the East, South East and South West England.^[59]

On 15 June, the UKHSA issued Level 3 "heat-wave action" alerts for London, East and South East England, maintaining Level 2 alerts for the East Midlands and South West England.^[59] According to Met Office forecasts, the heat peak would arrive on Friday, reaching the necessary threshold for heat wave consideration, before temperatures dropped significantly on 18 June.^[60]

On 17 June, London reached 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) on the hottest day of the June heat wave in the country.^[60]

July heat wave

On 8 July, the Met Office issued a heat-health alert in parts of England and Wales.^[61] On 15 July, the UKHSA increased the Heatwave Alert Level to 4, "illness and death occurring among the fit and healthy - and not just in high-risk groups".^[62] The Met Office issued its first ever red extreme heat warning after there were forecasts of over 40 °C (104 °F) in some parts of England, and a national emergency was declared.^[63]

On 18 July, the first day of the red warning, temperatures reached 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) in Santon Downham, Suffolk. Wales broke its record for the highest recorded temperature, with 37.1 °C (98.8 °F) recorded in Hawarden.^[64] The Channel Islands had a new record temperature as 38 °C (100 °F) was recorded in St Helier.^[65]

Between 18 and 19 July, the United Kingdom experienced its highest recorded minimum night time temperature, at 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) at Emley Moor, West Yorkshire.^[66]

On 19 July, a temperature of 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) was recorded at Coningsby, Lincolnshire, the hottest temperature ever recorded in the country's history.^[67] Before that day, the previous record was 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), which was broken in at least 34 places across England on 19 July, 6 of which were over 40 °C, the Met Office reported.^[68] Scotland had its highest temperature ever after 34.8 °C (94.6 °F) was recorded at Charterhall.^[67]

It has been reported that at least ten people have died in water-related incidents in the country since the heat started to increase in the country.^[69]

The London Fire Brigade declared a major incident after several fires broke out across the capital as a result of the heatwave.^[70]

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[washingtonpost20220620-1] "Historic June heat wave smashes records in Europe". The Washington Post. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.

[2] Landler, Mark (19 July 2022). "U.K. Heat Wave: Britain Sets New Record on a Second Day of Scorching Temperatures". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 July 2022.

[3] Abdul, Geneva (18 July 2022). "Heatwaves caused by climate crisis may become regular event, says Met Office chief". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2022.

[4] "Portugal hits 47ºC". www.theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 19 July 2022.

[:0-5] "La AEMET activa el aviso especial por la primera ola de calor del año". RTVE (in Spanish). 10 June 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

[6] "¿Hasta cuándo va a durar esta ola de calor?". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 13 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

[7] "Ya está aquí la primera gran ola de calor: alerta en España por temperaturas de 44ºC en estas zonas". El Español (in Spanish). 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

[8] Carrington, Damian (11 July 2022). "Why is it so hot in the UK and elsewhere in Europe and what are the dangers?". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

[9] School, Columbia Climate (5 July 2022). "More Frequent European Heat Waves Linked to Changes in Jet Stream". State of the Planet. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

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 }}
-In June and July 2022, persistent [[heat wave]]s affected parts of [[Central Europe|Central]], [[Southern Europe|Southern]], and [[Western Europe|Western]] [[Europe]], causing [[2022 European wildfires|wildfires]]. In June, temperatures of 40–43°C (104–110°F) were recorded throughout most of Europe with hundreds of daily, monthly and all-time temperature records broken throughout the continent.<ref name="washingtonpost20220620">{{Cite news|title=Historic June heat wave smashes records in Europe|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/06/20/france-germany-spain-europe-heatwave/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=20 June 2022|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=19 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719124149/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/06/20/france-germany-spain-europe-heatwave/|url-status=live}}</ref> Climatologists have attributed the intensity of the heat wave to [[Climate change in Europe|climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abdul |first1=Geneva |title=Heatwaves caused by climate crisis may become regular event, says Met Office chief |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jul/18/heatwaves-caused-by-climate-crisis-may-become-regular-event-says-met-office-chief |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 July 2022}}</ref>
+In June and July 2022, persistent [[heat wave]]s affected parts of [[Central Europe|Central]], [[Southern Europe|Southern]], and [[Western Europe|Western]] [[Europe]], causing [[2022 European wildfires|wildfires]]. In June, temperatures of {{Convert|40-43|C|F}} were recorded in parts of  Europe, with most severe temperature anomalies in France, where several records were broken.<ref name="washingtonpost20220620">{{Cite news|title=Historic June heat wave smashes records in Europe|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/06/20/france-germany-spain-europe-heatwave/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=20 June 2022|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=19 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719124149/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/06/20/france-germany-spain-europe-heatwave/|url-status=live}}</ref> A second heat wave occurred mid-July, extending north to the United Kingdom, where temperatures surpassing {{Convert|40|C|F}} were recorded for the first time in history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Landler |first=Mark |date=2022-07-19 |title=U.K. Heat Wave: Britain Sets New Record on a Second Day of Scorching Temperatures |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/07/19/world/uk-europe-heat-fires-weather |access-date=2022-07-20 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Climatologists have attributed the intensity of the heat wave to [[Climate change in Europe|climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abdul |first1=Geneva |title=Heatwaves caused by climate crisis may become regular event, says Met Office chief |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jul/18/heatwaves-caused-by-climate-crisis-may-become-regular-event-says-met-office-chief |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 July 2022}}</ref>
 The highest temperature recorded was {{Convert|47.0|C|F}} in [[Alijó|Pinhão]], Portugal on 14 July.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portugal hits 47ºC |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-07-15/portugal-hits-47c/68702 |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 [[File:Valladolid ola calor 12 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|A thermometer showing {{convert|39|C|F}} on a street in [[Valladolid]] on 15 June.]]
-On 14 June, the heat wave spread to the south of Galicia and the interior of the [[Cantabrian Sea]]. Very hot nights also continued with thermometers not falling below {{convert|20|C|F}} in many provinces, highlighting [[Province of Jaén (Spain)|Jaén]], where a minimum of {{convert|27|C|F}} was expected. On the other hand, it was predicted that the peak of the heat wave would be reached on Friday, 17 June, the date on which some temperature records could be broken in cities such as [[Zaragoza]], [[Lleida]] and [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5015206/0/calor-extremo-no-da-tregua-espana-provincias-40-grados/|title=El calor extremo no da tregua en España: en qué provincias se pasará de 40 grados este martes 14 de junio|access-date=2022-06-15|work=20minutos|date=2022-06-14|language=es|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713201456/https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5015206/0/calor-extremo-no-da-tregua-espana-provincias-40-grados/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+On 14 June, the heat wave spread to the south of Galicia and the interior of the [[Cantabrian Sea]]. Tropical nights also continued, with thermometers that did not drop below {{convert|20|C|F}} in many provinces, highlighting [[Province of Jaén (Spain)|Jaén]], where a minimum of {{convert|27|C|F}} was expected. On the other hand, it was predicted that the peak of the heat wave would be reached on Friday, 17 June, the date on which some temperature records could be broken in cities such as [[Zaragoza]], [[Lleida]] and [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5015206/0/calor-extremo-no-da-tregua-espana-provincias-40-grados/|title=El calor extremo no da tregua en España: en qué provincias se pasará de 40 grados este martes 14 de junio|access-date=2022-06-15|work=20minutos|date=2022-06-14|language=es|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713201456/https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/5015206/0/calor-extremo-no-da-tregua-espana-provincias-40-grados/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 The only points in Spain that have not been affected so far from the heat wave are [[Asturias]], the Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2022-06-14/la-peor-ola-de-calor-en-junio-en-20-anos-alcanza-su-pico.html|title=La peor ola de calor en junio en 20 años alcanza su pico entre hoy y mañana y durará al menos hasta el sabado|access-date=2022-06-15|last=Benayas|first=Victoria Torres|date=2022-06-14|website=El País|language=es|archive-date=18 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718023630/https://elpais.com/espana/2022-06-14/la-peor-ola-de-calor-en-junio-en-20-anos-alcanza-su-pico.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In its daily statement, AEMET predicted the end of the weather episode for Saturday, due to the dana in the Atlantic, which injects hot African air, approaches the peninsula causing instability and a drop in temperatures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europapress.es/sociedad/noticia-ola-calor-sigue-menos-sabado-temperaturas-12c-mas-altas-normal-20220615134440.html|title=La ola de calor sigue al menos hasta el sábado con temperaturas de entre 7 y 12ºC más altas de lo normal|access-date=2022-06-15|publisher=Europa Press|date=2022-06-15|language=es|archive-date=17 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617190732/https://www.europapress.es/sociedad/noticia-ola-calor-sigue-menos-sabado-temperaturas-12c-mas-altas-normal-20220615134440.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Revision as of 07:48, 20 July 2022

Meteorology

By country

France

June heat wave

July heat wave

Germany

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

Norway

June heat wave

July heat wave

Poland

Portugal

Spain

June heat wave

July heat wave

Switzerland

United Kingdom

June heat wave

July heat wave

See also

References