2023 Akwa Ibom State gubernatorial election: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 17:10, 6 October 2022
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The 2023 Akwa Ibom State gubernatorial election will take place on 11 March 2023, to elect the Governor of Akwa Ibom State, concurrent with elections to the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly as well as twenty-seven other gubernatorial elections and elections to all other state houses of assembly.[1][2] It will be held two weeks after the presidential election and National Assembly elections. Incumbent PDP Governor Udom Gabriel Emmanuel is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term.
Party primaries were scheduled for between 4 April and 9 June 2022 with the Peoples Democratic Party nominating former commissioner Umo Eno on 25 May while the All Progressives Congress nominated businessman Akanimo Udofia on 26 May in a controversial process that was not recognized by INEC.[3][4] If the APC is unable to overturn the INEC decision, the nominees of smaller parties would become major contenders like former Senator John James Akpan Udo-Edehe (New Nigeria Peoples Party) and Senator Bassey Albert Akpan (Young Progressives Party).[5][6]
Electoral system
The Governor of Akwa Ibom State is elected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of state local government areas. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas.
Background
Akwa Ibom State is a small state in the South South mainly populated by Efik-Ibibio peoples; although its oil reserves make it one of the most wealthy states in the nation, Akwa Ibom has faced challenges in security, environmental degradation, and lack of affordable housing in large part due to years of systemic corruption.
Politically, the state's 2019 elections were categorized as a reassertion of the PDP's dominance after Senator Godswill Akpabio and his allies that switched to the APC lost. Statewide, Emmanuel easily won re-election with nearly 75% of the vote and 25 of 26 House of Assembly seats were won by the PDP. The PDP was also successful federally, unseating all APC senators and house members to sweep all three senate and ten House of Representatives seats as the state was easily won by PDP presidential nominee Atiku Abubakar with about 68% but still swung towards the APC and had lower turnout.
During Emmanuel's second term, his administration stated focuses included the completion of the Ibom Deep Seaport, Ibom Air, further industrialisation, and upgrading transportation infrastructure; however, he was routinely criticized for authoritarian-esque responses to critics and journalists. Alarms were raised most notably after the arrest of a critical banker, the threatened demolition of a critic's church, and the barring of journalists from state government events.[7][8][9] At other points during his administration, Emmanuel was criticized for a poor response to the COVID-19 pandemic by dismissing the state’s chief epidemiologist after he refused to suppress testing, his administration’s systemic budget misappropriation and perceived corruption, his unconstitutional declaration of Akwa Ibom as a Christian state and state construction of a Christian worship centre, and the Seaport’s proposed location.[10][11][12][13][14][15] On the other hand, he was praised for expanding Ibom Air, sports development, and a relatively low crime rate.[16]
Primary elections
The primaries, along with any potential challenges to primary results, were to take place between 4 April and 3 June 2022 but the deadline was extended to 9 June.[2][17] An informal zoning gentlemen's agreement sets the Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District to have the next governor as Akwa Ibom North-East has not held the governorship since 2007. While no major party has yet closed their primaries to non-Northeast candidates, nearly all potential candidates are from the North-East and it appears as if major parties are holding to the zoning agreement.[18][19]
All Progressives Congress
The year prior to the APC primaries was beset by party infighting between three factions each supported by former Governor and Minister Godswill Akpabio, former Senator and potential gubernatorial candidate John James Akpan Udo-Edehe, or former Senator and fellow potential gubernatorial candidate Ita Enang which culminated in three parallel party congresses in October 2021.[20] As Udo-Edehe was a member of national APC leadership at the time, his faction was recognized by the national party in February 2022 but was later removed by a court decision in favour of Akpabio's faction.[21] The court ruling came after Udo-Edehe left his role as Caretaker National Secretary, thus he was unable to stop newly elected National Chairman, Abdullahi Adamu, from swearing in Akpabio's faction; however, Akpan Udo-Edehe's faction received a court order telling parties to maintain the status quo and reporting later showed that Akpabio's faction had forged documents to convince the court to rule in its favour.[22][23][24] In wake of the reports, the party factionalized as Akpabio's faction and Udo-Edehe's faction opened separate headquarters and each claimed to be the legitimate party structure as the national party recognized Akpabio's faction while Udo-Edehe's faction was recognized by INEC.[25]
On the date of the primary, the party crisis escalated as both factions attempted to hold their own primaries with nation party observers at the Akpabio faction primary on Ekpo Obot Street in Uyo while the state Commissioner of Police and State Resident Electoral Commissioner were at the Udo-Edehe faction primary in the Sheergrace Arena. Supporters of the two faction then spent the day fighting over control of official voting materials, delaying the exercise until early the next morning.[32] Eventually, the Akpabio faction conducted its primary with businessman Akanimo Udofia easily winning but as other candidates rejected the process and analysts noted that the primary's legitimacy was questionable due to the lack of INEC observers.[33][34] Losing out, Udo-Edehe protested the event before leaving the party to obtain the NNPP gubernatorial nomination while Enang asked a court to nullify the results.[35][36]
By mid-June, it was revealed that the INEC Resident Electoral Commissioner Mike Igini's report listed that no legitimate primary took place for the state All Progressives Congress.[4][37][38] In response, Akpabio allies attempted to discredit Igini but the REC was supported by the national commission, which confirmed the report.[39]
Nominated
Eliminated in primary
- Richard Anana
- Ita Enang: former aide to President Muhammadu Buhari (2015–2022), former Senator for Akwa Ibom North-East (2011–2015), and former House of Representatives member for Itu/Ibiono Ibom (1999–2011)[42]
- Larry Esin: 2007 PDP gubernatorial candidate[43]
- Uduak Udo
- John James Akpan Udo-Edehe: APC Caretaker Committee National Secretary (2020–2022), former Minister of State for the Federal Capital Territory (2007–2008), and former Senator for Akwa Ibom North-East (1999–2003) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the NNPP gubernatorial primary)[44][45]
- Austin Utuk: businessman[46]
Results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
APC | Akanimo Udofia | 1,227 | 94.82% | |
APC | Ita Enang | 34 | 2.63% | |
APC | Chris Ekong | 21 | 1.62% | |
APC | Uduak Udo | 7 | 0.54% | |
APC | Richard Anana | 2 | 0.15% | |
APC | John James Akpan Udo-Edehe | 2 | 0.15% | |
APC | Larry Esin | 1 | 0.08% | |
APC | Austin Utuk | 0 | 0.00% | |
Total votes | 1,294 | 100.00 | ||
Invalid or blank votes | 19 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 1,313 | Unknown |
People's Democratic Party
In January 2022, former Governor Victor Attah announced that candidate Umo Eno was outgoing Governor Udom Gabriel Emmanuel's endorsed candidate much to the chagrin of opposing PDP members who raised fears over potential imposition.[47] Emmanuel defended the endorsement, saying that it was in the best interest of the state and state party chairman Aniekan Akpan also backed Eno.[48][49][50] Further criticism emerged when reports that Eno had forged court documents to illegally arrest striking workers resurfaced in February.[51]
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In the days before the primary, the party crisis deepened as several governorship aspirants and other stakeholders rejected the ad hoc delegate list as fabricated and accused bad actors of planning on doctoring the statutory delegate list as well.[52] Analysts noted that if the allegations were proven true, the Abia PDP was risking disqualification by using unelected delegates.[53] When their appeals to the national party for intervention failed, seven candidates withdrew on the date of the primary in protest of its conduct including Abaribe and Oko Chukwu.[54] Ikonne ended up winning the nomination easily with over 80% of the votes cast.[55] However, the fiery primary and party crisis around it caused massive divides within the Abia PDP with Abaribe defecting to APGA the day after the primary.[56] In June, Ikonne selected Okey Igwe—MHA for Umunneochi—as his running mate.
Ahead of primary day, further claims of manipulation were tabled against Eno supporters leading Emmanuel to swiftly announce that there would be a post-primary reconciliation process. However, the announcement did not halt outcry as some candidates withdrew in protest on primary day including Senator Bassey Albert Akpan and House member Onofiok Luke while House member Michael Enyong held his own parallel primary at the Ewet Housing Estate.[57][58][59] When the primary was held at the Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, Eno won the nomination after announced results showed him winning over 97% of the delegates' votes.[3] After the primary, the state PDP set up a reconciliation committee to unify the party;[60] however, issues for Ono emerged by July when Akpan defected to become the YPP gubernatorial nominee while another former opponent—Akan Okon—approached the judiciary to disqualify Ono based on claims of educational certificate forgery.[61][62] Although Eno initially labeled the court case as a political stunt, the West African Examinations Council confirmed that the certificates Eno submitted to INEC did not match documents in the organisation’s records.[63] In response, Eno's representatives changed his court defense and Eno publicly vowed to leave both politics and preaching if the forgery allegations were proven accurate.[64][65] While the controversy swirled, Eno proceeded with his campaign and named Senator Akon Eyakenyi as his running mate.[66]
Nominated
- Umo Eno: former Commissioner for Lands and Housing and former Chairman of the Akwa Ibom Hotels and Tourism Board (2004–2007)[3]
- Running mate—Akon Eyakenyi: Senator for Akwa Ibom South (2019–present); former Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (2010–2015); and former Commissioner for Industry, Commerce and Tourism[66]
Eliminated in primary
- Sampson Sydney Akpan: businessman[67][3]
- Janet Moses Edem
- Michael Enyong: House of Representatives member for Uyo/Uruan/Nsit Atai/Ibesikpo Asutan[3]
- Aniekan Etim: financial analyst[3]
- James Iniama: 2007 ACN gubernatorial nominee[68][3]
- Akan Okon: former Commissioner for Economic Development and the Ibom Deep Seaport[69][3]
- David Okpon: pastor[70][3]
- Ide Owodiong-Idemeko: 2019 PDP Akwa Ibom North-East senatorial candidate[71][3]
- Idorenyin James Umo: businessman[3]
- Ani Wellington: businessman[72][73][3]
Withdrew
- Bassey Albert Akpan: Senator for Akwa Ibom North-East (2015–present) and former Commissioner for Finance (2007–2014) (defected after the primary to successfully run in the YPP gubernatorial primary)[74][57]
- Onofiok Luke: House of Representatives member for Etinan/Nsit Ibom/Nsit Ubium (2019–present), former House of Assembly member for Nsit Ubium (2011–2019), and former House of Assembly Speaker (2015–2019)[75][58]
- Akanimo Udofia: businessman (defected prior to the primary to successfully run in the APC gubernatorial primary)[40]
Declined
- Effiong Dickson Bob: former Senator for Akwa Ibom North-East (2007–2014)[18][76]
- Ini Ememobong: Commissioner for Information and Strategy (2020–present)[77]
- Udom Inoyo: businessman[76][18][78]
Results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PDP | Umo Eno | 993 | 98.81% | |
PDP | Sampson Sydney Akpan | 3 | 0.30% | |
PDP | Onofiok Luke (withdrawn) | 3 | 0.30% | |
PDP | Aniekan Etim | 2 | 0.20% | |
PDP | Idorenyin James Umo | 2 | 0.20% | |
PDP | Bassey Albert Akpan (withdrawn) | 1 | 0.10% | |
PDP | Ide Owodiong-Idemeko | 1 | 0.10% | |
PDP | Michael Enyong | 1 | 0.10% | |
PDP | Other candidates | 0 | 0.00% | |
Total votes | 1,005 | 100.00% | ||
Invalid or blank votes | 2 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 1,007 | Unknown |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PDP | 2,448 | 88.18% | ||
PDP | 239 | 8.61% | ||
PDP | 50 | 1.80% | ||
PDP | 34 | 1.23% | ||
PDP | 5 | 0.18% | ||
PDP | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Total votes | 2,776 | 100.00% |
Minor parties
- Coffie Emem Samuel (Accord)
- Running mate: Archibong Love Charles Efiom
- Ekanem Abasiekeme Mfonobong (Action Alliance)
- Running mate: Asuquo Edet
- Essien Ekere Sunday (Action Democratic Party)
- Running mate: Effiong Godwin Okon
- Mbaba Ehpraim Okon (Action Peoples Party)
- Running mate: Essang Ebiange Nelly Edet
- Robert Otu Iboro (African Action Congress)
- Running mate: Carolyna Hutchings
- Ezekiel Nya-Etok (African Democratic Congress)
- Running mate: James Uduak Udoma
- Ekong Eyo Eyo (Allied Peoples Movement)
- Running mate: Edwin Raphael Umoette
- Ekpo Ita Bassey (All Progressives Grand Alliance)
- Running mate: Udoh Anietie Augustus
- Akaninyene Effiong Ekpenyong (Boot Party)
- Running mate: Itoneeshiet Amaiso
- Uko Usen Okon (Labour Party)
- Running mate: Victor Okon Okwong
- John James Akpan Udo-Edehe (New Nigeria Peoples Party)[5]
- Running mate: Godwin Micheal Afangideh
- Etang Kubiat Bassey (National Rescue Movement)
- Running mate: Ekpe Mfon Effiong
- Ekanem Sunday Francis (People's Redemption Party)
- Running mate: Emmanuel Effiom Ene
- Udoh Emem Monday (Social Democratic Party)
- Running mate: Ukut Benedict Asuquo
- Bassey Albert Akpan (Young Progressives Party)[6]
- Running mate: Asuquo Amba[79][80]
- Thomas Nsikak Hogan (Zenith Labour Party)
- Running mate: Udoyo Essi Umo
Campaign
As the general election campaign commenced, focus was on the PDP's attempts to unify the party after the contentious primary process and INEC's non-recognition of the APC primary. While APC figures spent June and July 2022 trying to get INEC to recognise its primary and attacking REC Mike Igini as biased, the PDP attempted to prevent defections from aggrieved party members with a reconciliation committee headed by Senator Effiong Dickson Bob.[81] However, the reconciliation attempt failed as Senator Bassey Albert Akpan left for the Young Progressives Party;[82] similarly, former Senator John James Akpan Udo-Edehe left the APC for the New Nigeria Peoples Party.[83] More disappointing news for the APC came at the end of July when INEC's list of provisional nominees did not recognize Akanimo Udofia as the nominee.[84] For the PDP, good news came at the beginning of August when MHR Onofiok Luke declined to defect and restart his gubernatorial campaign, instead endorsing Ono in a deal brokered by Ntenyin Solomon Etuk—the Oku Ibom Ibibio and Paramount Ruler of Nsit-Ubium.[85] However, a few days later, Akpan formally obtained the YPP nomination at a rerun primary.[6]
Observers noted that regional balance, not just party unity, would also be required for successful campaigns as the PDP faced internal issues due to the decision not to micro-zone the nomination; internal opponents pointed out that Ono is from a federal constituency that has already produced a governor.[86] Other factors included corruption allegations against Akpan and Eno, the relatively small size of the NNPP and YPP compared to the PDP, and a purported plot by some in the APC to coax Udo-Edehe back to the party to become its nominee.[87] The zoning controversy, along with the ongoing court case attempting to disqualify Ono based on certificate forgery, negatively impacted PDP campaigning in August and September.[88]
Conduct
Electoral timetable
On 26 February 2022, the Independent National Electoral Commission released the timetable, setting out key dates and deadlines for the election.[89] Months later on 27 May 2022, INEC made a slight revision to the timetable, allowing parties extra time to conduct primaries.[90]
- 28 February 2022 – Publication of Notice of Election
- 4 April 2022 – First day for the conduct of party primaries
- 9 June 2022[a] – Final day for the conduct of party primaries, including the resolution of disputes arising from them
- 1 July 2022 – First day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
- 15 July 2022 – Final day for submission of nomination forms to INEC via the online portal
- 12 October 2022 – Commencement of the official campaign period
- 16 March 2023[b] – Final day of the official campaign period
General election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||
AA | ||||
ADP | ||||
APP | ||||
AAC | ||||
ADC | ||||
APM | ||||
APC | ||||
APGA | ||||
BP | ||||
LP | ||||
New Nigeria Peoples Party | ||||
NRM | ||||
PDP | ||||
PRP | ||||
SDP | ||||
YPP | ||||
ZLP | ||||
Total votes | 100.00% | |||
Invalid or blank votes | N/A | |||
Turnout |
By senatorial district
The results of the election by senatorial district.
Senatorial District | John James Akpan Udo-Edehe NNPP |
Umo Eno PDP |
Bassey Albert Akpan YPP |
Others | Total Valid Votes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | ||
Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District[c] (Uyo Senatorial District) |
TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District[d] (Ikot Ekpene Senatorial District) |
TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Akwa Ibom South Senatorial District[e] (Eket Senatorial District) |
TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
By federal constituency
The results of the election by federal constituency.
Federal Constituency | John James Akpan Udo-Edehe NNPP |
Umo Eno PDP |
Bassey Albert Akpan YPP |
Others | Total Valid Votes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | ||
Abak/Etim Ekpo/Ika Federal Constituency[f] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Eket/Onna/Esit Eket/Ibeno Federal Constituency[g] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Etinan/Nsit Ibom/Nsit Ubium Federal Constituency[h] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Ikono/Ini Federal Constituency[i] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Ikot Abasi/Mkpat Enin/Eastern Obolo Federal Constituency[j] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Ikot Ekpene/Essien Udim/Obot Akara Federal Constituency[k] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Itu/Ibiono Ibom Federal Constituency[l] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Oron/Mbo/Okobo/Udung Uko/Urue Offong/Oruko Federal Constituency[m] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Ukanafun/Oruk Anam Federal Constituency[n] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Uyo/Uruan/Nsit Atai/Ibesikpo Asutan Federal Constituency[o] | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD |
By local government area
The results of the election by local government area.
LGA | John James Akpan Udo-Edehe NNPP |
Umo Eno PDP |
Bassey Albert Akpan YPP |
Others | Total Valid Votes | Turnout Percentage | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage | |||
Abak | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Eastern Obolo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Eket | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Esit Eket | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Essien Udim | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Etim Ekpo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Etinan | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ibeno | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ibesikpo Asutan | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ibiono-Ibom | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ika | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ikono | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ikot-Abasi | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ikot Ekpene | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ini | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Itu | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Mbo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Mkpat-Enin | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Nsit-Atai | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Nsit-Ibom | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Nsit-Ubium | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Obot-Akara | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Okobo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Onna | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Oron | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Oruk Anam | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Udung-Uko | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Ukanafun | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Uruan | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Urue-Offong/Oruko | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Uyo | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
Totals | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % | TBD | % |
See also
Notes
- ^ The original deadline was 3 June; however, INEC pushed it back to 9 June at the behest of parties.[91]
- ^ The original deadline was 9 March; however, INEC pushed it back to 16 March.[92]
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Etinan, Ibesikpo Asutan, Ibiono-Ibom, Itu, Nsit-Atai, Nsit-Ibom, Nsit-Ubium, Uruan, and Uyo.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Abak, Essien Udim, Etim Ekpo, Ika, Ikono, Ikot Ekpene, Ini, Obot-Akara, Oruk Anam, and Ukanafun.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Eastern Obolo, Eket, Esit Eket, Ibeno, Ikot-Abasi, Mbo, Mkpat-Enin, Okobo, Onna, Oron, Udung-Uko, and Urue-Offong/Oruko.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Abak, Etim Ekpo, and Ika.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Eket, Esit Eket, Ibeno, and Onna.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Etinan, Nsit-Ibom, and Nsit-Ubium.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Ikono and Ini.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Eastern Obolo, Ikot-Abasi, and Mkpat-Enin.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Essien Udim, Ikot Ekpene, and Obot-Akara.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Ibiono-Ibom and Itu.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Mbo, Okobo, Oron, Udung-Uko, and Urue-Offong/Oruko.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Oruk Anam and Ukanafun.
- ^ Comprising the local government areas of Ibesikpo Asutan, Nsit-Atai, Uruan, and Uyo.
References
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- ^ a b Jimoh, Abbas (26 February 2022). "INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections". Daily Trust. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Imukudo, Saviour. "Gov Emmanuel's preferred successor, Umo Eno, wins A'Ibom PDP governorship primary". Premium Times. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ a b Imukudo, Saviour. "APC has no governorship candidate in Akwa Ibom – INEC". Premium Times. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
- ^ a b Onuegbu, Chioma. "How Senator Akpanudoedehe emerged candidate of NNPP in A'Ibom". Vanguard. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
- ^ a b c Anthony, Lovina. "Akwa Ibom 2023: Bassey Akpan emerges YPP governorship candidate". Daily Post. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "RANKING NIGERIAN GOVERNORS, NOVEMBER, 2019: Top 5, Bottom 5". Ripples Nigeria. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
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- ^ "RANKING NIGERIAN GOVERNORS, APRIL 2020: Best, not good enough; COVID-19 exposes incompetence in high places". Ripples Nigeria. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ Ukpong, Cletus. "Coronavirus: Nigerian state sacks epidemiologist for allegedly refusing to manipulate test figures". Premium Times. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
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- ^ Simon, Ekemini; Effiong, Abasifreke. "INVESTIGATION: Akwa Ibom Governor, SSG in multi billion naira scandal". International Centre for Investigative Reporting. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
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