Piperales: Difference between revisions
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'''Piperales''' is an order of [[flowering plant]]s (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family [[Piperaceae]] but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include [[black pepper]], [[kava]], [[Saururaceae|lizard's tail]], [[Aristolochia|birthwort]], and [[Asarum|wild ginger]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction to the Piperales |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/piperales.html#:~:text=The%20Piperales%20are%20a%20group,group%20are%20the%20flower%20clusters. |website=ucmp.berkeley.edu |publisher=UC Berkeley |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> |
'''Piperales''' is an order of [[flowering plant]]s (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family [[Piperaceae]] but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include [[black pepper]], [[kava]], [[pepper elder]], [[Saururaceae|lizard's tail]], [[Aristolochia|birthwort]], and [[Asarum|wild ginger]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction to the Piperales |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/piperales.html#:~:text=The%20Piperales%20are%20a%20group,group%20are%20the%20flower%20clusters. |website=ucmp.berkeley.edu |publisher=UC Berkeley |access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref> |
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==Classification== |
==Classification== |
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Revision as of 17:30, 23 November 2022
| Piperales | |
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| Piper aduncum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl[1] |
| Families | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.[3]
Classification
APG system
In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:[4]
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae (including Asaraceae, Hydnoraceae and Lactoridaceae)
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
| The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.[4][2] | |
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Aristolochiaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
Earlier systems
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Chloranthaceae
- family Lactoridaceae
- family Piperaceae
- family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:
- order Piperales
- family Piperaceae
References
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
- ^ a b Stevens, P.F. "Piperales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
- ^ "Introduction to the Piperales". ucmp.berkeley.edu. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
