Piracy in India: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Sea piracy of Koli caste in India}} |
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#REDIRECT [[Piracy#South_Asia]] {{Redirect category shell| |
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{{Infobox caste|caste_name=Koli|feudal_title=[[Darbar (title)|Darbar]], [[Thakor]] or [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]], [[Behera (surname)|Behera]]|image=File:Bust of Admiral Kanhoji Angre at Visakha Museum.jpg|region=[[Asia]]|caste_name_in_local=કોલી|classification=[[Other Backward Class]] in [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]], |
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{{R to section}} |
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General or [[Forward caste]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Laddakh]]|religions=[[Hindu]]|country=[[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]]|populated_states=[[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Laddakh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Sindh]]|native_name=कोली|notable_members=[[List of Koli people]]|lineage=[[Koliya]]|original_kingdom=[[Koliya|Koliya Kingdom]]|other_kingdom=[[Jawhar State]], [[Surgana State]], [[Som Shah of Ramnagar|Ramnagar Kingdom]]|subdivisions=[[Kori (caste)|Kori]], [[Kolhi]]|education_reservation=Yes|employment_reservation=Yes|languages=[[Koli language|Koli]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Pahari language|Pahari]]|caption=Bust of Koli admiral [[Kanhoji Angre]] of [[Maratha Navy]], he was labelled as [[Pirate]] by [[British Raj|British]], [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]], [[Dutch India|Dutch]] and [[Mughal Navy|Mughal]] marine powers<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Lt. K.j.|date=5 November 2018|title=As NDA cadet, I was witness to Vice Admiral Awati’s kindness|work=[[ThePrint]]|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/as-nda-cadet-i-was-witness-to-vice-admiral-awatis-kindness/145378/}}</ref>}} |
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}} |
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The ”'[[List of Koli people|Koli]]”’ is a native [[Caste system in India|caste]] of [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Nepal]]. But a largest number of [[Koli people|Kolis]] lives in [[Gujarat]] and [[Kathiawar]] of Gujarat has always been famous for its [[List of Koli states and clans|Koli]] [[Piracy]]. In times of unsettled [[British Raj|British]] government, the coasts of [[Kathiawar Agency|Kathiawar]] have swarmed with Koli pirates, who, from the shelter of every creek and [[headland]], took toll on all [[Merchandising|merchandise]] Ships that was carried on the [[Arabian Sea]]. Along the [[South Gujarat|southern]] coast the leading pirates were Shial Koli, [[Baria caste|Baria]] Kolis, while, in the [[Gulf of Kutch|Gulf of Cutch]] and near [[Dwarka]] and [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]], from an early date, Other Kolis made their names a terror to [[Merchant|merchants]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tambs-Lyche |first=Harald |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |date=1996-12-31 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=134 – 136 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Barendse |first=Rene J. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=inClDAAAQBAJ&dq=Kathiawar+Koli+Pirate&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century |date=2016-07-08 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-45836-4 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=355 – 357 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Ghogha and Piram Islands == |
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In 1326, [[Ghogha]] and Piram Islands of [[Gujarat]] was stronghold of Koli pirates and they often lavied or attacked the ships of traders passed by nearby sea. But Koli pirates were defeated by the [[Mokhadaji Gohil|Mokhadaji]]. Later in 1340, Mokhadaji was defeated by Sultan Mohammad Bin Tughluq of Delhi Sultanate and Koli pirates raised again and captured a English ship named ”’Morning Star”’ of big cost and loaded with cargo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singhji |first=Virbhadra |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&dq=Ghogha+Koli&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7154-546-9 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=39 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeffer |first=Georg |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NEBLAAAAYAAJ |title=Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society |last2=Behera |first2=Deepak Kumar |date=1997 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1997 |isbn=978-81-7022-640-6 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Shial bet Island == |
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In 1531, Koli [[Piracy|pirates]] of Shial island of South coast of [[Kathiawar]] in [[Gujarat]] captured the Shial [[island]] from [[Portuguese India]] and defeated the [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese Indian Navy]]. After that [[Chanch, Gujarat|Chanch]] also became the [[stronghold]] of Koli pirates.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=James M. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FAXGpcEdbfUC |title=Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat |date=1988 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |year=1988 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilberforce-Bell |first=Harold |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JmZDAAAAYAAJ |title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times |date=1980 |publisher=Ajay Book Service |year=1980 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Sultanpur == |
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In 1734, The [[Koli people|Kolis]] infested the Coastle of [[Gujarat]]. from their stronghold at Sultanpur, on the river [[Kurla]] in [[Kathiawar]], they gave much trouble [[British Raj|British]] ships. They were egged on to continue their infamous activities owing to the patronage extended to them by some wealthy [[Koli rebellions|Kolis]] who shared their plunder. The British government despatched [[Royal Indian Navy|British Indian Navy]] under captain Radford Nunn and captain Daniel Inchbird and he captured 5 of their armed vessels and burnt 14 more. To save others from a similar fate, Nunn burnt nearly 50 small ships of Koli pirates. About six months later, 10 more of their boats were set on fire and these measures silenced them for some time. A letter from the [[Bombay Castle (disambiguation)|Bombay Castle]] diary, dated Sunday, the 21st January, 1739, reveals that the Kolis had captured several vessels among which was the ”’Tiger Gallivet”’ (returning from [[Persia]]) in whose seizure the Kolis were chief pirates. A few years later in 1749, their renewed activities came to light once more, when they captured a ”’Bengal Ship”’ carrying rupees 60,000 cash and a [[Cargo]] worth an equivalent amount. To combat against Koli pirates, the [[Dutch India]], joining hands with the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] in [[Surat]]. in December, 1750, both navy forced illegal activites of Koli pirates on the Kurla river. In this campaign, 23 of vessels were captured and this attack again compelled the Kolis to be inactive for a longer period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saletore |first=Rajaram Narayan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&dq=koli+Pirate&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1978 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=80 – 88 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sorabshah |first=Manekshah |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KURuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions |date=1980 |publisher=[[Longmans]], Green & Company Limited |year=1980 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=685 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Talaja == |
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The [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]] coast In [[Bhavnagar State]] was infested by the [[Koli people|Koli]] pirates of [[Kathiawar|Kathiawad]] of Gujarat. They captured the trading ships of [[British people|Britishers]] and Bhavnagar State. The British Navy with the help of Bhavnagar ruler Akherajji attacked and defeated the Koli pirates in 1771. But after death of Akherajji, Kolis again started collecting the tax from ships and captured two British and one Bhavnagar ship. In 1807, Wakhatsinji Akherajji [[Gohil]] join hands with [[British Raj|British]] government to suppress the Koli [[piracy]] under ”’Walker Settlement”’ treaty for peace in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] ocean and again defeated the Koli pirates and congrats by [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay government]] for his dare against Kolis.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India) |first=Oriental Institute (Vadodara |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NookXlAb2koC |title=Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda |date=1987 |publisher=[[Oriental Institute]], Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad University |year=1987 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhadani |first=B. L. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JExuAAAAMAAJ |title=Facets of a Marwar Historian: Aspects of India’s Social and Economic History : a Volume in Honour of Shri Govind Ag[a]rwal |last2=Tripathi |first2=Dwijendra |date=1996 |publisher=Publication Scheme |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-86782-18-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=294 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Koli Dance]] |
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* [[Koli language]] |
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* [[Koli rebellions]] |
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* [[List of Koli people]] |
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* [[List of Koli states and clans]] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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Revision as of 06:28, 1 June 2024
| Koli | |
|---|---|
| કોલી | |
 Bust of Koli admiral Kanhoji Angre of Maratha Navy, he was labelled as Pirate by British, Portuguese, Dutch and Mughal marine powers[1] | |
| Classification | Other Backward Class in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, General or Forward caste in Jammu and Kashmir and Laddakh |
| Religions | Hindu |
| Languages | Koli, Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi, Pahari |
| Country | India, Pakistan, Nepal |
| Populated states | Gujarat, Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Laddakh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Sindh |
| Region | Asia |
| Feudal title | Darbar, Thakor or Thakur, Behera |
| Lineage | Koliya |
| Notable members | List of Koli people |
| Subdivisions | Kori, Kolhi |
| Reservation (Education) | Yes |
| Reservation (Employment) | Yes |
| Kingdom (original) | Koliya Kingdom |
| Kingdom (other) | Jawhar State, Surgana State, Ramnagar Kingdom |
The ”'Koli”’ is a native caste of India, Pakistan and Nepal. But a largest number of Kolis lives in Gujarat and Kathiawar of Gujarat has always been famous for its Koli Piracy. In times of unsettled British government, the coasts of Kathiawar have swarmed with Koli pirates, who, from the shelter of every creek and headland, took toll on all merchandise Ships that was carried on the Arabian Sea. Along the southern coast the leading pirates were Shial Koli, Baria Kolis, while, in the Gulf of Cutch and near Dwarka and Porbandar, from an early date, Other Kolis made their names a terror to merchants.[2][3]
Ghogha and Piram Islands
In 1326, Ghogha and Piram Islands of Gujarat was stronghold of Koli pirates and they often lavied or attacked the ships of traders passed by nearby sea. But Koli pirates were defeated by the Mokhadaji. Later in 1340, Mokhadaji was defeated by Sultan Mohammad Bin Tughluq of Delhi Sultanate and Koli pirates raised again and captured a English ship named ”’Morning Star”’ of big cost and loaded with cargo.[4][5]
Shial bet Island
In 1531, Koli pirates of Shial island of South coast of Kathiawar in Gujarat captured the Shial island from Portuguese India and defeated the Portuguese Indian Navy. After that Chanch also became the stronghold of Koli pirates.[6][7]
Sultanpur
In 1734, The Kolis infested the Coastle of Gujarat. from their stronghold at Sultanpur, on the river Kurla in Kathiawar, they gave much trouble British ships. They were egged on to continue their infamous activities owing to the patronage extended to them by some wealthy Kolis who shared their plunder. The British government despatched British Indian Navy under captain Radford Nunn and captain Daniel Inchbird and he captured 5 of their armed vessels and burnt 14 more. To save others from a similar fate, Nunn burnt nearly 50 small ships of Koli pirates. About six months later, 10 more of their boats were set on fire and these measures silenced them for some time. A letter from the Bombay Castle diary, dated Sunday, the 21st January, 1739, reveals that the Kolis had captured several vessels among which was the ”’Tiger Gallivet”’ (returning from Persia) in whose seizure the Kolis were chief pirates. A few years later in 1749, their renewed activities came to light once more, when they captured a ”’Bengal Ship”’ carrying rupees 60,000 cash and a Cargo worth an equivalent amount. To combat against Koli pirates, the Dutch India, joining hands with the British India in Surat. in December, 1750, both navy forced illegal activites of Koli pirates on the Kurla river. In this campaign, 23 of vessels were captured and this attack again compelled the Kolis to be inactive for a longer period.[8][9]
Talaja
The Talaja coast In Bhavnagar State was infested by the Koli pirates of Kathiawad of Gujarat. They captured the trading ships of Britishers and Bhavnagar State. The British Navy with the help of Bhavnagar ruler Akherajji attacked and defeated the Koli pirates in 1771. But after death of Akherajji, Kolis again started collecting the tax from ships and captured two British and one Bhavnagar ship. In 1807, Wakhatsinji Akherajji Gohil join hands with British government to suppress the Koli piracy under ”’Walker Settlement”’ treaty for peace in Saurashtra ocean and again defeated the Koli pirates and congrats by Bombay government for his dare against Kolis.[10][11]
See also
References
- ^ Singh, Lt. K.j. (5 November 2018). "As NDA cadet, I was witness to Vice Admiral Awati's kindness". ThePrint.
- ^ Tambs-Lyche, Harald (1996-12-31). Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India. New Delhi, India: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. pp. 134–136. ISBN 978-81-7304-176-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Barendse, Rene J. (2016-07-08). The Arabian Seas: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century: The Indian Ocean World of the Seventeenth Century. New Delhi, India: Routledge. pp. 355–357. ISBN 978-1-317-45836-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singhji, Virbhadra (1994). The Rajputs of Saurashtra. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. p. 39. ISBN 978-81-7154-546-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Pfeffer, Georg; Behera, Deepak Kumar (1997). Contemporary Society: Concept of tribal society. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. p. 199. ISBN 978-81-7022-640-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Campbell, James M. (1988). Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujurat. New Delhi, India: Vintage Books. p. 245.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Wilberforce-Bell, Harold (1980). The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times. New Delhi, India: Ajay Book Service. p. 48.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Saletore, Rajaram Narayan (1978). Indian Pirates. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 80–88.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Sorabshah, Manekshah (1980). A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions. New Delhi, India: Longmans, Green & Company Limited. p. 685.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ India), Oriental Institute (Vadodara (1987). Journal of the Oriental Institute, M.S. University of Barida, Baroda. New Delhi, India: Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao Gaekwad University. p. 157.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Bhadani, B. L.; Tripathi, Dwijendra (1996). Facets of a Marwar Historian: Aspects of India’s Social and Economic History : a Volume in Honour of Shri Govind Ag[a]rwal. New Delhi, India: Publication Scheme. p. 294. ISBN 978-81-86782-18-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)