No. 112 Squadron RAF: Difference between revisions
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'''No. 112 Squadron''' was a squadron of the [[Royal Air Force]]. It served in both [[World War |
'''No. 112 Squadron''' was a squadron of the [[Royal Air Force]]. It served in both the [[First World War]] and [[Second World War]] and was active for three periods during the [[Cold War]]. It is nicknamed "The Shark Squadron", an allusion to the fact that, during the Second World War, it was the first unit from any air force to use the famous "shark mouth" logo on [[Curtiss P-40]]s.<ref>Crawford 1977 p. 14.</ref> |
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[[Image:TR 000978 kittyhawk.jpg|270px|frame|left|1943: A [[Curtiss P-40|Kittyhawk]] Mark III of 112 Squadron, taxiing through scrub at [[Medenine]], [[Tunisia]]. The ground crewman on the wing is directing the pilot, whose view ahead is hindered by the aircraft's nose.]] |
[[Image:TR 000978 kittyhawk.jpg|270px|frame|left|1943: A [[Curtiss P-40|Kittyhawk]] Mark III of 112 Squadron, taxiing through scrub at [[Medenine]], [[Tunisia]]. The ground crewman on the wing is directing the pilot, whose view ahead is hindered by the aircraft's nose.]] |
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==World War |
==First World War== |
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The squadron was formed as No. 112 Squadron of the [[Royal Flying Corps]] on [[30 July]], [[1917]] at [[Throwley Aerodrome]], [[Kent]], [[England]] for [[Interceptor aircraft|air defence]] duties protecting the [[London]] area. It was equipped initially with [[Sopwith Pup]]s and received [[Sopwith Camel]]s in 1918. One of its first commanding officers was Major [[Quintin Brand]] (who would become a [[group (air force unit)|group]] commander with [[Fighter Command]] during the [[Battle of Britain]]). Following the end of the war, the squadron was disbanded on [[13 June]] [[1919]]. |
The squadron was formed as No. 112 Squadron of the [[Royal Flying Corps]] on [[30 July]], [[1917]] at [[Throwley Aerodrome]], [[Kent]], [[England]] for [[Interceptor aircraft|air defence]] duties protecting the [[London]] area. It was equipped initially with [[Sopwith Pup]]s and received [[Sopwith Camel]]s in 1918. One of its first commanding officers was Major [[Quintin Brand]] (who would become a [[group (air force unit)|group]] commander with [[Fighter Command]] during the [[Battle of Britain]]). Following the end of the war, the squadron was disbanded on [[13 June]] [[1919]]. |
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==World War |
==Second World War== |
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As war loomed again, the squadron was re-formed [[16 May]] [[1939]] on board the aircraft carrier [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']] for service in [[Egypt]]. It was based initially at [[RAF Helwan]]. On [[May 26]], "B" Flight was detached and sent to [[Sudan]]. The squadron did not receive its aircraft, obsolescent [[Gloster Gladiator]] [[biplane]] fighters, until June. After [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] entered the war, on [[10 June]] [[1940]], the squadron was almost immediately in action, defending Egypt from Italian bombers. "B" Flight became part of [[No. 14 Squadron RAF]] on [[30 June]]. |
As war loomed again, the squadron was re-formed [[16 May]] [[1939]] on board the aircraft carrier [[HMS Argus (I49)|HMS ''Argus'']] for service in [[Egypt]]. It was based initially at [[RAF Helwan]]. On [[May 26]], "B" Flight was detached and sent to [[Sudan]]. The squadron did not receive its aircraft, obsolescent [[Gloster Gladiator]] [[biplane]] fighters, until June. After [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] entered the war, on [[10 June]] [[1940]], the squadron was almost immediately in action, defending Egypt from Italian bombers. "B" Flight became part of [[No. 14 Squadron RAF]] on [[30 June]]. |
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Revision as of 03:49, 23 December 2007
| No. 112 Squadron | |
|---|---|
| Active | 30 July 1917–13 June 1919 16 May 1939–30 December 1946 1951–1957 1960–1975 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Flying Corps then Royal Air Force |
| Nickname(s) | "The Shark Squadron" |
| Motto(s) | "Swift in Destruction" |
| Battle honours | Home Defence 1917-1918, Egypt 1940, Greece 1941, Western Desert 1941-43, Italy 1943 |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge | "A cat sejant".[1] |
No. 112 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It served in both the First World War and Second World War and was active for three periods during the Cold War. It is nicknamed "The Shark Squadron", an allusion to the fact that, during the Second World War, it was the first unit from any air force to use the famous "shark mouth" logo on Curtiss P-40s.[2]
First World War
The squadron was formed as No. 112 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps on 30 July, 1917 at Throwley Aerodrome, Kent, England for air defence duties protecting the London area. It was equipped initially with Sopwith Pups and received Sopwith Camels in 1918. One of its first commanding officers was Major Quintin Brand (who would become a group commander with Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain). Following the end of the war, the squadron was disbanded on 13 June 1919.
Second World War
As war loomed again, the squadron was re-formed 16 May 1939 on board the aircraft carrier HMS Argus for service in Egypt. It was based initially at RAF Helwan. On May 26, "B" Flight was detached and sent to Sudan. The squadron did not receive its aircraft, obsolescent Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters, until June. After Italy entered the war, on 10 June 1940, the squadron was almost immediately in action, defending Egypt from Italian bombers. "B" Flight became part of No. 14 Squadron RAF on 30 June.
In January 1941, the squadron joined Allied forces defending Greece, providing air cover and offensive support over Albania. It later took part in fierce dogfights as part of the air defence of the Athens area. With the collapse of the Allied campaign on the Greek mainland, 112 Sqn withdrew to Crete and then to Egypt, from where it rejoined the North African Campaign, supporting the Eighth Army.
For much of the remainder of the war, the squadron was part of No. 239 Wing, along with No. 3 Squadron RAAF, No. 250 Squadron RAF and/or No. 450 Squadron RAAF. During July 1941, the squadron was one of the first in the world to become operational with the P-40 Tomahawk, which it used in both the fighter and ground attack role, with the Desert Air Force. Inspired by the unusually large air inlet on the P-40, the squadron began to emulate the "shark mouth" logo used on some German Messerschmitt Bf 110s. This practice was later followed by P-40 units in other parts of the world (including the Flying Tigers, American volunteers serving with the Chinese Air Force). In December, the Tomahawks were replaced by the updated P-40 Kittyhawk, which the squadron used for the remainder of its time in North Africa, often in a fighter bomber capacity.
The squadron during this time included a significant number of personnel from the air forces of Poland, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Another member was the English ace Neville Duke (later prominent as a test pilot). For most of 1942, it was commanded by the highest-scoring Australian ace of World War II, Clive Caldwell, the first Empire Air Training Scheme graduate to command a British unit. Later in the war, an increasing number of South African pilots joined the unit.
After the invasion of Sicily the squadron moved to bases there, in July 1943, and onto the Italian mainland in September. In June 1944 the Kittyhawks were replaced by the Mustang Mark III and (from February 1945), Mustang Mk IVs. The squadron remained in Italy as part of the occupying forces until disbanding on 30 December 1946 at Treviso.
Cold War
The squadron re-formed at Fassberg in Germany on 12 May 1951, in the fighter bomber role, equipped with de Havilland Vampire Mk 5s. It later moved to Jever and then RAF Bruggen. In January 1954 it assumed the day fighter role, when its Vampires were replaced by Canadair Sabre F Mk IVs. Hawker Hunters were delivered to 112 Sqn in April 1956, but the unit was disbanded at Bruggen on 31 May 1957.
On 1 August 1960, the squadron was re-formed as a Bloodhound surface-to-air missile unit, at RAF Church Fenton, defending Thor IRBM sites in the area. The squadron's operational base was at RAF Breighton. Following withdrawal of the Thor from service, the need for the unit was reduced, and it disbanded on 31 March 1964.
However, 112 Sqn was re-formed on 2 November 1964, at RAF Woodhall Spa, equipped with Bloodhound Mk 2s. The squadron moved to Cyprus on 1 October 1967 and remained there until it was disbanded on 1 July 1975.
Aircraft operated
- 1917-1918 - Sopwith Pup
- 1918-1919 - Sopwith Camel
- 1919 - Sopwith Snipe
- 1939-1941 - Gloster Gladiator I & II
- 1940-1940 - Gloster Gauntlet
- 1941 - Hawker Hurricane I
- 1941 - Curtiss Tomahawk I
- 1941 - Curtiss Tomahawk IIA & IIB
- 1941-1942 Curtiss Kittyhawk 1A
- 1942-1944 Curtiss Kittyhawk III
- 1944 Curtiss Kittyhawk IV
- 1944-1945 North American Mustang III
- 1945-1946 North American Mustang IV
- 1951-1954 de Havilland Vampire FB5
- 1954-1956 Canadair Sabre F4
- 1956-1957 Hawker Hunter F4
- 1960-1964 Bristol Bloodhound I
- 1964-1975 Bristol Bloodhound II
See also
Notes
- ^ Black cat facing left within circle "Fighter Squadron Royal Air Force" surrounded by laurel wreath. Source: RAF Heraldry Trust
- ^ Crawford 1977 p. 14.
References
- rafweb.org, "No 111-115 Squadron Histories". Retrieved: December 19, 2007]
- G G Jefford, RAF Squadrons, second edition 2001, Airlife Publishing, UK, ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
- Brown, Robin. Shark Squadron: The History of 112 Squadron, 1917-1975. Manchester, UK: Crecy Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-94755-433-5.
- Crawford, Jerry L. Messerschmitt BF 110 Zerstörer in Action. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1977. ISBN 0-89747-029-X.