Shenzhou 7: Difference between revisions
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China launched its first-ever [[data relay satellite]] (数据中继卫星) '''[[Tianlian I-01|Tianlian I]]''' (天链一号) from the [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center]] on a [[Long March 3C|Long March-3C]] carrier rocket on [[April 25]], [[2008]]. Specially developed by the [[China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation]] to decrease the communication time between the Shenzhou 7 spaceship and ground stations, it will also increase the amount of data that can be transferred. The Tianlian I satellite alone can cover 50 percent of the orbit of Shenzhou 7 while the [[Yuanwang]] space tracking ships along with China's ten ground observation stations have a coverage of only 12 percent, thus increasing the total coverage to about 60 percent of the mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7170743.html|title =我国首颗中继卫星发射成功 将测控神七飞行|publisher= [[人民网]]|date=April 26, 2008|accessdate=April 27|accessyear=2008}}</ref> |
China launched its first-ever [[data relay satellite]] (数据中继卫星) '''[[Tianlian I-01|Tianlian I]]''' (天链一号) from the [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center]] on a [[Long March 3C|Long March-3C]] carrier rocket on [[April 25]], [[2008]]. Specially developed by the [[China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation]] to decrease the communication time between the Shenzhou 7 spaceship and ground stations, it will also increase the amount of data that can be transferred. The Tianlian I satellite alone can cover 50 percent of the orbit of Shenzhou 7 while the [[Yuanwang]] space tracking ships along with China's ten ground observation stations have a coverage of only 12 percent, thus increasing the total coverage to about 60 percent of the mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/7170743.html|title =我国首颗中继卫星发射成功 将测控神七飞行|publisher= [[人民网]]|date=April 26, 2008|accessdate=April 27|accessyear=2008}}</ref> |
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===Fake news report=== |
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News agencies and papers reported on 25 September 2008 that the [[Xinhua News Agency]] had posted a news report dated 27 September 2008 on their website, xinhuanet.com.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/3082804/China-fakes-reports-from-space.html|title=China fakes reports from space |date=[[2008-09-26]]|accessdate=2008-09-26}}</ref><ref name="apFakeArticle">{{cite news|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5ig_kaxVkOSnGAZwKb9JC6z6RyTNwD93DPSS00|title=China space mission article hits Web before launch |author=Associated Press|date=[[2008-09-25]]|accessdate=2008-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.examiner.com/x-504-Space-News-Examiner~y2008m9d25-As-Controversial-as-the-Olympics-Fake-Mission-Coverage-News-Boycott--of-Chinese-Space-Launche|title=As Controversial as the Olympics? Fake Mission Coverage, News Boycott of Chinese Space Launch |date=[[2008-09-26]]|accessdate=2008-09-26}}</ref> The report described the launch in detail and included dialogue between the crew members in space before it had happened. The report was taken down the same day, and a staffer contacted about it stated that it was a "technical error" by a technician.<ref name="apFakeArticle" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 19:55, 27 September 2008
 | This article or section documents a current or recent spaceflight. Details may change as the mission progresses. Initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article or section may not reflect the most current information. For more information please see WikiProject Spaceflight. |
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| COSPAR ID | 2008-047A |
|---|---|
| SATCAT no. | 33369 |
| Crew | |
| Members | 3 |
Shenzhou 7 (simplified Chinese: 神舟七号; traditional Chinese: 神舟七號; pinyin: shénzhōu qīhào) is China's third human spaceflight. This mission marked the commencement of the second phase of Project 921 of the Chinese space program. A Shenzhou spacecraft carrying three crew members was launched on September 25, 2008 at 21:10 CST on a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) launch vehicle.[1] The mission is scheduled to last three to five days.[2] During the flight an EVA was carried out by Zhai Zhigang, making China the third country to conduct an EVA, after Russia and the United States.
Crew
The crew for Shenzhou 7 was announced on September 17, 2008:[3]
- Zhai Zhigang (1), Commander
- Liu Boming (1)
- Jing Haipeng (1)
Number in parentheses indicates number of spaceflights by each individual prior to and including this mission.
Back-up crew
- Chen Quan, Commander
- Fei Junlong
- Nie Haisheng
Mission highlights
The Shenzhou 7 mission marked a number of developments for China's space program, including several first-time achievements.
China's first three-person mission
Shenzhou 7 was the first Chinese space mission to carry a three-person crew.[4] A total of six astronauts were trained, three for conducting the mission and three others as a backup crew.
China's first EVA spacesuits
New spacesuits for the EVA (舱外活动) will be used, made with "advanced synthetics."[5] According to Chinese media reports, 300 square meters of spacesuit material had been manufactured as of June 2007, with such features as fire and radiation resistance.[6] The suit is designed for a spacewalk mission of up to seven hours[5], providing breathing air and allowing for the venting of bodily wastes.[5] Each suit is reported to have cost more than 20 million USD.[7] The first pictures of the spacesuits have already been published in the Chinese media. China has imported the Orlan-M Haiying (海鹰号航天服), a Russian spacesuit, for interface compatibility with the spacecraft and for liability reasons in case of unexpected outcomes; however, the Chinese-made Feitian space suit (飞天号航天服) will be used for the EVA. The second astronaut, who will remain in the Orbital module, is likely to wear the Orlan-M spacesuit. This plan is subject to change at launch time, because of concerns that the Orlan-M suits could suffer damage due to their weight on Earth.[8][9][10][11][12]
Initial reports indicated that the spacewalk would be conducted using a suit with a small propulsion unit[6], but it is now clear that this technology has only been designed for American suits and not for the Chinese- or Russian-made suits.
In October 2006, reports quoted Sun Laiyan, head of the China National Space Administration (CNSA) as saying that "our foremost concern is safety and reliability."[13] In November 2007, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) researcher Pang Zhihao was quoted as saying that the spacewalk suits have a belt and are tethered to the orbital module. The tether will "conduct communications and provide oxygen."[14] The belt and tether combination are considered safer than alternatives.[15] The space tether to be used with the Feitian space suit took three years to develop, and was manufactured by a Hunan based Hua Lingxian cable company (华菱线缆公司).[16]
According to recent internet sources, commemorative stamps and envelopes have already been printed. These are ready to be sold after completion of the mission and clearly show a tether, a red striped Feitian space suit with "飞天" written in red on the right arm and a lone spacewalker.[17] The astronauts have been training with space suits since July 2007. Movement is seriously restricted in the bulky suits as each has a mass of more than 110 kilograms.[18]
First use of a miniaturized satellite
A miniaturized satellite (伴卫星) will be released during the mission. The shape of the satellite is a cube, with a length of about 40 cm (16 in) and mass of 40 kilograms (88 pounds), and will carry a 150 megapixel CCD stereo camera.[19]
This small monitoring satellite will be released after the astronaut returns to the spacecraft. It will then maneuver to about 100 to 200 kilometres (62 to 124 miles) away from the spacecraft. After the Return module separates from the spacecraft and reenters the atmosphere, the satellite will catch up to the orbiting spacecraft using a liquid ammonia engine. It will then continue to orbit near the spacecraft. [20]
China's first spacewalk
-
Zhai Zhigang doing the spacewalk Template:Puic
The first Chinese extra-vehicular activity was conducted during daylight on 27 September 2008 by Zhai Zhigang at 0845 GMT.[21] Two astronauts entered the orbital module wearing EVA suits,[22] but only one of them actually walked in space and conducted scientific experiments, while the second one carefully monitored the first astronaut from the Orbital module,[7] ready to assist the spacewalking astronaut in case of emergency.[23][24][25] The third astronaut remained in the pressurised Return module. The spacewalking astronaut performed such tasks as installing equipment, tightening screws, and waving the Chinese flag in space.
The total duration of the spacewalk was about 20 minutes.[26] [27]
China's first water training pool
Pictures of a large pool filled with water containing the entire Shenzhou spacecraft used for the EVA training have been published in the Chinese media.[28][29][30]
China's first extraterrestrial Communist Party branch
According to Yang Liwei, the crew members may convene an extraterrestrial Communist Party of China (CPC) branch while in orbit.[31] A remote locality with three or more Chinese Communist Party (CPC) members, such as the Shenzhou capsule with its full complement aboard, may conduct the business of a CPC branch.[31]
Subsystems
The Shenzhou 7 project consists of seven subsystems, with the Chinese military responsible for launching, recovering, crew, and tracking subsystems, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation responsible for the carrier rocket and spacecraft itself, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences responsible for the payloads on board the spacecraft (other than the crew).
Project management
Most of the Shenzhou 6 project management team has stayed for the Shenzhou 7 misison. Changes include:
- General Project Manager / Commander Chen Bingde has been replaced after his promotion to the position of Chief of the General Staff, by the current Director-General of the General Armaments Department, Chang Wanquan.
- First Vice General Project Manager / Commander Lieutenant General Hu Shixiang (胡世祥) has been replaced after his promotion, by the current Vice Director-General of the General Armaments Department, Lieutenant General Zhang Jianqi (张建启)
- Vice General Project Manager / Commander Zhang Qingwei has been replaced after his promotion to become the head of the ACAC consortium, by Ma Xingrui (马兴瑞), the head of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
- Vice General Engineer of Shenzhou 6, Zhou Jianping (周建平) was promoted to General Engineer of Shenzhou 7, succeeding Wang Yongzhi.
- Director of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center: Major General Zhang Yulin (张育林) has been replaced after his promotion to Chancellor of the National University of Defense Technology, by the Vice Director of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Major General Cui Jijun (崔吉俊)
Other modifications and additions
Space toilets
Custom-made, compact, foldable space toilets will allow the astronaut's collected urine to be recycled for use as drinking water.[32]
Modifications of the CZ-2F carrier rocket
Special attention has been given to solving vibration problems encountered at the 120-second mark of the Shenzhou-5 mission. These vibrations were described by Yang Liwei as hard to endure. Corrective measures were implemented for the Shenzhou-6 mission but further improvements have now been added to the carrier rocket, and to the pipes of the second stage. More than thirty other modifications were also added. Finally, the entire flight will be broadcast due to the addition of one more camera.[33]
Modifications of the spacecraft
The Orbital module has been modified and its solar panels removed in order to allow for the EVA experiment. For this same reason, in contrast to previous Shenzhou missions, it will not remain in space after its separation with the departing crew in the Return module.[34] Handrails have been added to the external wall of the Orbital module to allow the space walking astronaut to reach specific experiment areas.[23]
More cameras have been installed on the spacecraft than on the Shenzhou 6 vessel, in addition to those covering the Orbital module and the Return module.[7]
New space tracking ships
Two new, recently commissioned Yuanwang-class space tracking ships, Yuanwang-5 and Yuanwang-6, will play a key role in the Shenzhou VII mission.[35]
Data relay satellite
China launched its first-ever data relay satellite (数据中继卫星) Tianlian I (天链一号) from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on a Long March-3C carrier rocket on April 25, 2008. Specially developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation to decrease the communication time between the Shenzhou 7 spaceship and ground stations, it will also increase the amount of data that can be transferred. The Tianlian I satellite alone can cover 50 percent of the orbit of Shenzhou 7 while the Yuanwang space tracking ships along with China's ten ground observation stations have a coverage of only 12 percent, thus increasing the total coverage to about 60 percent of the mission.[36]
See also
References
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