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| death_place =
| death_place =
| years_active = 1966-1991 (25 years)
| years_active = 1966-1991 (25 years)
| known_for = [[Power evangelism]]
| notable_works = [[Charism]]atic spark igniting the rise of [[Calvary Chapel]] and the [[Vineyard Movement]], two worldwide denominations. Starting the [[House of Miracles]] (Christian communes) and inspiring the start of [[Christian music festival|Jesus Movement concerts]]
| style = Power evangelism, [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]]
| style = Power evangelism, [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]]
| influences =
| influences =
| influenced = [[Calvary Chapel]], [[Jesus Movement]], [[Vineyard Movement]], [[House of Miracles]], [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]], [[John Wimber]], [[Mike MacIntosh]], and [[Greg Laurie]]
| influenced = [[Calvary Chapel]], [[Jesus Movement]], [[Vineyard Movement]], [[House of Miracles]], [[Maranatha Music]], [[Harvest Christian Fellowship]], [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]], [[John Wimber]], [[Jonathan Land]], [[Marc Dupont]], [[Jill Austin]], [[Mike MacIntosh]], and [[Greg Laurie]]
| movement = [[Jesus People]]
| religion = [[Evangelism|Evangelical]] and [[Pentecostal]] Christianity
| religion = [[Evangelism|Evangelical]] and [[Pentecostal]] Christianity
| occupation = [[Pentecostal]] evangelist and minister
| occupation = [[Pentecostal]] evangelist and minister
| spouse = Connie (divorced in 1973)
| spouse = Connie (divorced in 1973)
| website = [http://www.lonniefrisbee.com/ www.LonnieFrisbee.com]
}}
}}
'''Lonnie Frisbee''' (June 6, 1949 – March 12, 1993) was an American [[Pentecostal]] [[evangelism|evangelist]] and self-described "seeing [[prophet]]" and [[mysticism|mystic]] in the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=prophet>{{cite web | last=Frisbee | first=Lonnie|url= http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO; Senior Pastor Tom Stipe |accessdate=2007-05-18 }}</ref><ref name=divorce/> Despite, or possibly because of, his [[hippie]] appearance and being a man who struggled with homosexuality,<ref> Annette Cloutier, ''Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One'', ISBN 1436315557, 9781436315555, page 437. </ref><ref name=testimony/> he had notable success as a [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] and [[evangelism|evangelist]] especially in the [[Signs and Wonders|signs and wonders]] faith movement of the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/>
'''Lonnie Frisbee''' (June 6, 1949 – March 12, 1993) was an American [[Pentecostal]] [[evangelism|evangelist]] and self-described "seeing [[prophet]]" and [[Mysticism|mystic]] in the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=prophet>{{cite web | last=Frisbee | first=Lonnie|url= http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO; Senior Pastor Tom Stipe |accessdate=2007-05-18 }}</ref><ref name=divorce/> Despite (or because of) his [[hippie]] appearance and being a mostly-[[closeted]] [[gay]] man,<ref> Annette Cloutier, ''Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One'', ISBN 1436315557, 9781436315555, page 437. </ref><ref name=testimony/> he had notable success as a [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] and [[Evangelism|evangelist]] especially in the [[signs and wonders]] faith movement of the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/>


Contemporary accounts attributed his accomplishments to his incredible anointing of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Frisbee was a key figure in the [[Jesus movement]] and eyewitness accounts of his ministry documented in the 2007 Emmy-nominated film ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'' explain how Lonnie became the [[charism]]atic spark igniting the rise of [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]]'s [[Calvary Chapel]] and the [[Vineyard Movement]], two worldwide denominations and among the largest evangelical denominations to emerge in the last thirty years.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="ggs"/> It was said that he was not one of the hippie preachers, "there was one."<ref name=one>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty | url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOee1zkZis |title=teaser for the documentary FRISBEE: The Life & Death of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But">{{cite web
Contemporary accounts attributed his accomplishments to his incredible [[anointing]] of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Frisbee was a key figure in the [[Jesus Movement]] and eyewitness accounts of his ministry documented in the 2007 Emmy-nominated film ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'' explain how Lonnie became the [[charismatic spark igniting the rise of [[Chuck Smith (pastor)|Chuck Smith]]'s [[Calvary Chapel]] and the [[Vineyard Movement]], two worldwide denominations and among the largest evangelical denominations to emerge in the last thirty years.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/><ref name="ggs"/> It was said that he was not one of the hippie preachers, "there was one."<ref name=one>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty | url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOee1zkZis |title=teaser for the documentary FRISBEE: The Life & Death of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But">{{cite web | last =Coker | first =Matt | title=Ears on Their Heads, But They Don’t Hear: Spreading the real message of Frisbee | publisher=[[Orange County Weekly]] | date=April 14, 2005 | url= http://www.ocweekly.com/film/film/ears-on-their-heads-but-they-dont-hear/14935/ | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> The term '[[power evangelism]]' comes from Frisbee's ministry, some of his harshest critics for heavy use of the [[Holy Spirit]] and the [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]] came from the churches he helped found.<ref name="mirwor">John Crowder, ''Miracle workers, reformers and the new mystics'', Destiny Image Publishers, 2006, ISBN 0768423503, 9780768423501, pages 103-6. </ref> He also influenced many [[prophet]]ic evangelists including [[Jonathan Land]], [[Marc Dupont]], [[Jill Austin]] and others.<ref name="mirwor"/> Frisbee co-founded the [[House of Miracles]] commune and was its main architect converting thousands including the earliest musicians who would start the Christian rock movement including the [[Maranatha! Music]] label, the first of its kind. The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to Oregon to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest lasting of the [[Jesus People]] communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across North America.[17] This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.
| last =Coker | first =Matt | title=Ears on Their Heads, But They Don’t Hear: Spreading the real message of Frisbee | publisher=[[Orange County Weekly]] | date=April 14, 2005 | url= http://www.ocweekly.com/film/film/ears-on-their-heads-but-they-dont-hear/14935/ | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> The term '[[power evangelism]]' comes from Frisbee's ministry, some of his harshest critics for heavy use of the Holy Spirit and the [[Spiritual gift|gifts of the Spirit]] came from the churches he helped found.<ref name="mirwor">John Crowder, ''Miracle workers, reformers and the new mystics'', Destiny Image Publishers, 2006, ISBN 0768423503, 9780768423501, pages 103-6. </ref> He also influenced many [[prophet]]ic evangelists including Jonathan Land, Marc Dupont, Jill Austin and others.<ref name="mirwor"/> Frisbee co-founded the [[House of Miracles]] commune and was its main architect converting thousands including the earliest musicians. The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to Oregon to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest-lasting of the [[Jesus People]] communal groups.


Frisbee functioned both as an evangelical preacher also privately socialized as a gay man before and during his evangelism career.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> This is held in tension with the fact that he said in interviews that he never believed homosexuality was anything other than a [[sin]] in the eyes of God and both denominations prohibited gay sexual behavior. Both churches later disowned him because of his active sexual life, removing him first from leadership positions, then ultimately, firing him.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> He was shunned and "written out of the official histories."<ref> Brett McCracken, ''Hipster Christianity: When Church and Cool Collide'', Baker Books, 2010, ISBN 0801072220, 9780801072222 page 80-1.</ref> As part of his [[ostracism]] from his former churches his work was maligned but he forgave those who tried to discredit him before his death from [[AIDS]] in 1993.<ref name="Frisbee documentary">{{cite video | people = David di Sabatino | title = Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher | medium = Documentary movie | publisher =David Di Sabatino | location = United States | url=http://www.lonniefrisbee.com | date= 2001 }}</ref>
Frisbee functioned both as an evangelical preacher also privately socialized as a gay man before and during his evangelism career.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> This is held in tension with the fact that he said in interviews that he never believed homosexuality was anything other than a [[sin]] in the eyes of God and both denominations prohibited gay sexual behavior. Both churches later disowned him because of his active sexual life, removing him first from leadership positions, then ultimately, firing him.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> He was shunned and "written out of the official histories."<ref> Brett McCracken, ''Hipster Christianity: When Church and Cool Collide'', Baker Books, 2010, ISBN 0801072220, 9780801072222 page 80-1.</ref> As part of his [[ostracism]] from his former churches his work was maligned but he forgave those who tried to discredit him before his death from [[AIDS]] in 1993.<ref name="Frisbee documentary">{{cite video | people = David di Sabatino | title = Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher | medium = Documentary movie | publisher =David Di Sabatino | location = United States | url= http://www.lonniefrisbee.com | date= 2001 }}</ref>


==Early life and career ==
==Early life and career ==
Frisbee was raised in a [[single parent]] home and was exposed to "sketchy, dangerous characters" as a child.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name="lost boy"/> Frisbee's brother claimed Lonnie was raped at the age of eight and documentarian David di Sabatino postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity."<ref name=testimony/> His father ran off with another woman and his mother tracked down and married the jilted husband.<ref name="dsw"/> He showed great interest in the arts and cooking.<ref name="dsw"/> He won awards for his paintings and even appeared as a featured dancer on ''[[Shebang]]''.<ref name="dsw"/> He exhibited a "[[bohemian]]" streak and regularly ran away from home.<ref name="dsw"/> As a teen he became part of the drug culture, as part of a spiritual quest,<ref name="dsw"/> and at fifteen he entered [[Laguna Beach]]'s [[gay]] [[subculture|underground]] scene with a friend.<ref name="lost boy"/><ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> His "spotty" high school eduction left him barely able to read and write.<ref name="lost boy"/> At 18 he joined thousands of other flower children and hippies for the [[Summer of Love]] in San Francisco in 1967.<ref>Don Lattin, ''Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge'', HarperCollins, 2008, ISBN 0061118060, 9780061118067, pages 31-3. </ref> He described himself as a "[[nudist]]-[[vegetarian]]-hippie".<ref name="mirwor"/>
Frisbee was raised in a [[single parent]] (then called a "broken home"), and was exposed to "sketchy, dangerous characters" as a child.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/><ref name="lost boy"/> Frisbee's brother claimed Lonnie was raped at the age of eight and documentarian David di Sabatino postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity."<ref name=testimony/> His father ran off with another woman and his mother tracked down and married the jilted husband.<ref name="dsw"/> He showed great interest in the arts and cooking.<ref name="dsw"/> He won awards for his paintings and even appeared as a featured dancer on ''[[Shebang]]''.<ref name="dsw"/> He exhibited a "[[bohemian]]" streak and regularly ran away from home.<ref name="dsw"/> As a teen he became part of the drug culture, as part of a spiritual quest,<ref name="dsw"/> and at fifteen he entered [[Laguna Beach]]'s [[gay]] [[subculture|underground]] scene with a friend.<ref name="lost boy"/><ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> His "spotty" high school eduction left him barely able to read and write.<ref name="lost boy"/> At 18 he joined thousands of other flower children and hippies for the [[Summer of Love]] in San Francisco in 1967.<ref>Don Lattin, ''Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge'', HarperCollins, 2008, ISBN 0061118060, 9780061118067, pages 31-3. </ref> He described himself as a "[[nudist]]-[[vegetarian]]-hippie".<ref name="mirwor"/>


Frisbee's unofficial [[evangelism]] career began as a part of a soul-searching [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD acid-trip]] as part of a regular "[[turn on, tune in, drop out]]" session of getting [[marijuana|high]].<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> He would often read the Bible while tripping.<ref name="dsw"/> On one pilgrimage with friends to [[Tahquitz|Tahquitz Canyon]] outside [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] instead of finding meaning again in mysticism and the occult Frisbee started reading the [[Gospel of John]] to the group and eventually led the group to Tahquitz Falls and baptized them.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> A later acid-trip in the same area produced "a vision of a vast sea of people crying out to the the Lord for salvation, with Frisbee in front preaching the gospel."<ref name="dsw"/> His "grand vision of spreading Christianity to the masses" alienated his family and friends.<ref name="dsw"> David W. Stowe, ''No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism'', UNC Press Books, 2011, ISBN 0807834580, 9780807834589, page 23-9.</ref> Frisbee left for [[San Francisco]] where he had won a fellowship to the [[Academy of Art University|San Francisco Art Academy]].<ref name="dsw"/> He soon met members of [[Haight-Ashbury]]'s Living Room mission. At the time, he talked about [[unidentified flying object|UFOs]] and practiced [[hypnotism]] and spoke about dabbling in occult and mysticism.<ref name=mysticism>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvHSP3kT16A |title=The Son Worshipers, 30 minute documentary on the Jesus Movement circa 1971. Edited by Bob Cording and Weldon Hardenbrook. |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> When Christian missionaries first met him, they said he was talking about "[[Jesus]] and flying saucers". Frisbee converted to [[Christianity]], and joined the first street Christian community, The Living Room, a storefront coffeehouse [[commune]] of four couples in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco started in 1967.<ref name="thousands"/><ref> Stephen J. Nichols. ''Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ'', InterVarsity Press, 2008, ISBN 0830828494, 9780830828494, pages 124-5.</ref> He quit the art academy and moved to [[Novato, California]] to set up a commune and later reconnected with his former girlfriend Connie whom he then married. The community was soon dubbed The House of Acts after the community of early Christians in the [[Acts of the Apostles]]. Frisbee designed a sign to put outside the house, but was informed that if he gave it an official name, it would no longer be considered a mere guest house and would be subject to renovations. The community took the sign down to avoid the financial obligation. Frisbee continued painting detailed oils including of missions.<ref name="lost boy"/>
Frisbee's unofficial [[evangelism]] career began as a part of a soul-searching [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD acid-trip]] as part of a regular "[[Turn on, tune in, drop out]]" session of getting [[marijuana|high]].<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> He would often read the Bible while tripping.<ref name="dsw"/> On one pilgrimage with friends to [[Tahquitz|Tahquitz Canyon]] outside [[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] instead of finding meaning again in mysticism and the occult Frisbee started reading the [[Gospel]] of [[John the Baptist|John]] to the group and eventually led the group to Tahquitz Falls and baptized them.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/> A later acid-trip in the same area produced "a vision of a vast sea of people crying out to the the Lord for salvation, with Frisbee in front preaching the gospel."<ref name="dsw"/> His "grand vision of spreading Christianity to the masses" alienated his family and friends.<ref name="dsw"> David W. Stowe, ''No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism'', UNC Press Books, 2011, ISBN 0807834580, 9780807834589, page 23-9.</ref> Frisbee left for [[San Francisco]] where he had won a fellowship to the [[Academy of Art University|San Francisco Art Academy]].<ref name="dsw"/> He soon met members of the [[Haight-Ashbury]]'s Living Room mission. At the time, he talked about [[unidentified flying object|UFOs]] and practiced [[hypnotism]] and spoke about dabbling in occult and mysticism.<ref name=mysticism>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvHSP3kT16A |title=The Son Worshipers, 30 minute documentary on the Jesus Movement circa 1971. Edited by Bob Cording and Weldon Hardenbrook. |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> When Christian missionaries first met him, they said he was talking about "[[Jesus]] and flying saucers". Frisbee converted to [[Christianity]], and joined the first street Christian community, The Living Room, a storefront coffeehouse [[commune]] of four couples in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco started in 1967.<ref name="thousands"/><ref> Stephen J. Nichols. ''Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ'', InterVarsity Press, 2008, ISBN 0830828494, 9780830828494, pages 124-5.</ref> He quit the art academy and moved to [[Novato, California]] to set up a commune and later reconnected with his former girlfriend Connie whom he then married. The community was soon dubbed [[The House of Acts]] after the community of early Christians in the [[Acts of the Apostles]]. Frisbee designed a sign to put outside the house, but was informed that if he gave it an official name, it would no longer be considered a mere guest house and would be subject to renovations. The community took the sign down to avoid the financial obligation. Frisbee continued painting detailed oils including of missions.<ref name="lost boy"/>


==Jesus movement, Calvary Chapel==
==Jesus movement, Calvary Chapel==
[[Image:Lonnie Frisbee.jpg|thumb| 400px|Lonnie Frisbee [[baptize]]s a convert in the [[Pacific Ocean]] while hundreds watch. Photos such as this explaining Frisbee and the [[Jesus Freaks]] were printed in ''Time'' and ''Life'' magazines.<ref name="ggs"> Glen G. Scorgie, ''A Little Guide to Christian Spirituality: Three Dimensions of Life with God'', Chapter 8-"An Integrated Spirituality", Zondervan, 2009, ISBN 0310540003, 9780310540007.</ref> ]]
[[Image:Lonnie Frisbee.jpg|thumb| 400px|Lonnie Frisbee [[baptize]]s a convert in the [[Pacific Ocean]] while hundreds watch. Photos such as this explaining Frisbee and the [[Jesus Freaks]] were printed in ''Time'' and ''Life'' magazines.<ref name="ggs"> Glen G. Scorgie, ''A Little Guide to Christian Spirituality: Three Dimensions of Life with God'', Chapter 8-"An Integrated Spirituality", Zondervan, 2009, ISBN 0310540003, 9780310540007.</ref> ]]
Chuck Smith, meanwhile, had been making plans to build a chapel out of a surplus school building in the City of [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], near [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]] when he met Frisbee. Smith's daughter's boyfriend John was a former addict who had turned to Christianity and when Smith wanted to meet a hippie John brought home Frisbee who was hitch-hiking so he could meet people to tell about Jesus and salvation.<ref name="lost boy">Greg Laurie, Ellen Vaughn, ''Lost Boy: My Story '', Gospel Light, 2008, ISBN 0830745785, 9780830745784, pages 81-3, 85-9, 106 </ref> Lonnie and his wife Connie joined the fledgling [[Calvary Chapel]] congregation and Smith was struck by Lonnie's charisma, "I was not at all prepared for the love that this young man would radiate."<ref name="thousands">{{cite book | last=Balmer | first=Randall |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=syUupeVJOz4C&pg=PP7&dq=%22lonnie+frisbee%22&sig=nrccuCxZmjrUvLduimFuR5i2uqA |title=The Encyclopedia of Evangelism, page 227, 303, 532 |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> Frisbee became one of the most important ministers in the church when on 17 May 1968 Smith put the young couple in charge of the Costa Mesa [[Drug rehabilitation|rehab]] house called "The [[House of Miracles]]" with John Higgins and his wife Jackie, within a week it had 35 new converts. Bunk beds were built in the garage to house all the new converts.<ref name="lost boy"/> Lonnie led the Wednesday night Bible study which soon became the central night for the church attracting thousands.<ref name="thousands"/> Frisbee's attachment to the [[Charismatic (Christians)|charismatic]] [[Pentecostal]] style caused some disagreement within the church since he seemed focused more on gaining converts and experiencing the presence of the [[Holy Spirit]] than on teaching newer converts Biblical doctrine.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> Chuck Smith, however, took up that job and welcomed Frisbee into his church. Frisbee's appearance helped appeal to hippies and those interested in youth culture, and Lonnie believed that the youth culture would play a prominent role in the Christian movement in the United States. He cited [[Joel (prophet)|Joel]] the [[prophet]] and remained upbeat despite what the young couple saw as unbalanced treatment as Frisbee was never paid for his work yet another person was hired full-time as Smith's assistant.<ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But"/>
Chuck Smith, meanwhile, had been making plans to build a chapel out of a surplus school building in the City of [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], near [[Costa Mesa]] when he met Frisbee. Smith's daughter's boyfriend John was a former addict who had turned to Christianity and when Smith wanted to meet a hippie John brought home Frisbee who was hitch-hiking so he could meet people to tell about Jesus and salvation.<ref name="lost boy">Greg Laurie, Ellen Vaughn, ''Lost Boy: My Story '', Gospel Light, 2008, ISBN 0830745785, 9780830745784, pages 81-3, 85-9, 106 </ref> Lonnie and his wife Connie joined the fledgling [[Calvary Chapel]] congregation and Smith was struck by Lonnie's charisma, "I was not at all prepared for the love that this young man would radiate."<ref name="thousands">{{cite book | last=Balmer | first=Randall |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=syUupeVJOz4C&pg=PP7&dq=%22lonnie+frisbee%22&sig=nrccuCxZmjrUvLduimFuR5i2uqA |title=The Encyclopedia of Evangelism, page 227, 303, 532 |accessdate=2007-05-18}}</ref> Frisbee became one of the most important ministers in the church when on 17 May 1968 Smith put the young couple in charge of the [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]] [[Drug rehabilitation|rehab]] house called "The [[House of Miracles]]" with John Higgins and his wife Jackie, within a week it had 35 new converts. Bunk beds were built in the garage to house all the new converts.<ref name="lost boy"/> Lonnie led the Wednesday night Bible study which soon became the central night for the church attracting thousands.<ref name="thousands"/> Frisbee's attachment to the [[Charismatic (Christians)|charismatic]] [[Pentecostal]] style caused some disagreement within the church since he seemed focused more on gaining converts and experiencing the presence of the [[Holy Spirit]] than on teaching newer converts Biblical doctrine.<ref name="Frisbee documentary"/> Chuck Smith, however, took up that job and welcomed Frisbee into his church. Frisbee's appearance helped appeal to hippies and those interested in youth culture, and Lonnie believed that the youth culture would play a prominent role in the Christian movement in the United States. He cited [[Joel (prophet)|Joel]] the [[prophet]] and remained upbeat despite what the young couple saw as unbalanced treatment as Frisbee was never paid for his work yet another person was hired full-time as Smith's assistant.<ref name="Ears on Their Heads, But"/>


The country was being swept with a youth movement with California being one of the epicenters.<ref name="wkm">W. K. McNeil, ''Encyclopedia of American gospel music'', Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 0415941792, 9780415941792, page 59.</ref> The counterculture of hippies and surfers hung around the beaches and music and the resulting dancing was the main form of communication.<ref name="wkm"/> Frisbee would walk the beaches during the day and convert the young people and bring them back to the church for the nightly services.<ref name="wkm"/> Some of the converts were the same musicians from the beaches who started to write and perform praise and worship music.<ref name="wkm"/> Soon they formed groups like [[Sweet Comfort Band]], [[Love Song (band)|Love Song]], [[Chuck Girard]], [[Children of the Day]], [[The Way (band)|The Way]], [[Mustard Seed Faith]], [[Debby Kerner]], [[Daniel Amos]], and [[Country Faith]].<ref name="wkm"/><ref name="CCM_13_10"/> The services at Calvary were more like rock concerts with the ministers indistinguishable from the attendees.<ref name="wkm"/> Soon after a Christian rock label [[Maranatha! Music]].<ref name="wkm"/> The label's first release was a various artists compilation entitled ''The Everlastin' Living Jesus Music Concert'', in 1971.<ref name="CCM_13_10">{{cite journal |last=Rabey |first=Steve |year=1991 |month=April |title=Marathana! Music Turns Twenty |journal=[[CCM Magazine]] |id={{ISSN|1524-7848}} |volume=13 |issue=10 |page=12 }}</ref> The Sourthen California Christian rock and coffeehouse commune network soon had these bands touring and doing concerts and services, often with Frisbee delivering the sermon and call for converts.<ref name="wkm"/> This is the beginning of the Christian contemporary music worship concert approach to ministering.<ref name="CCM_13_10"/> The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to [[Oregon]] to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest lasting of the [[Jesus movement|Jesus People]] communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across [[North America]].<ref name="Regulating Religion">{{cite book | last=Richardson | first=James T. |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w4OH5LOOICIC&dq=%22Shiloh+House%22+communal&lr= |title=Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe, (2004) Springer, ISBN 0306478870 |accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.<ref name="Regulating Religion"/> From 1968 - 1971 Frisbee was a leader in the [[Jesus Movement]] bringing in thousands of new converts and his influence over Calvary Chapel leaders including [[Mike MacIntosh]] and [[Greg Laurie]], whom he mentored and has since gone on to establish [[Harvest Christian Fellowship]] (the eighth largest church in America with over 15,000 members) helped shape the Calvary Chapel movement.<ref name= "thousands"/><ref name= "The First Jesus Freak orange"/>
The country was being swept with a youth movement with California being one of the epicenters.<ref name="wkm">W. K. McNeil, ''Encyclopedia of American gospel music'', Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 0415941792, 9780415941792, page 59.</ref> The counterculture of hippies and surfers hung around the beaches and music and the resulting dancing was the main form of communication.<ref name="wkm"/> Frisbee would walk the beaches during the day and convert the young people and bring them back to the church for the nightly services.<ref name="wkm"/>

The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to [[Oregon]] to form [[Shiloh Youth Revival Centers]], the largest and one of the longest lasting of the Jesus People communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across [[North America]].<ref name="Regulating Religion">{{cite book | last=Richardson | first=James T. |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w4OH5LOOICIC&dq=%22Shiloh+House%22+communal&lr= |title=Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe, (2004) Springer, ISBN 0306478870 |accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.<ref name="Regulating Religion"/>

From 1968 - 1971 Frisbee was a leader in the [[Jesus movement]] bringing in thousands of new converts and his influence over Calvary Chapel leaders including [[Mike MacIntosh]] and [[Greg Laurie]], whom he mentored.<ref name= "thousands"/><ref name= "The First Jesus Freak orange"/>


==Fame==
==Fame==
"[[Jesus Freaks]]", or "Jesus People" as they were often called, were documented in media including the [[Kathryn Kuhlman]] ''I Believe In Miracles'' show where Frisbee was a featured guest talking about Jesus, prophets and quoting scripture.<ref name=freaks>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0-r4XbTJrw |title=Jesus Freaks 4 (part of my collection of rad videos of early 70's Jesus freaks on the Kathryn Kuhlman show) |accessdate=2007-05-17 }}</ref> By 1971, the [[Jesus Movement]] had broken in the media with major media outlets such as ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'' and ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' covering it. Frisbee, due to his prominence in the movement, was frequently photographed and interviewed. It was also in 1971 that Frisbee and Smith parted ways because their ideological differences had become too great. Smith discounted [[Pentecostal]]ism, maintaining that [[love]] was the greatest manifestation of the [[Holy Spirit]] while Frisbee was strongly involved in theology centering on [[spiritual gifts]] and [[New Testament]] occurrences. Frisbee announced that he would leave California altogether and go to a movement in [[Florida]] led by [[Derek Prince]] and [[Bob Mumford]] which taught a pyramid shepherding style of leadership and was later coined as the [[Shepherding Movement]].<ref name="lost boy"/>
"[[Jesus Freaks]]", or "Jesus People" as they were often called, were documented in media including the [[Kathryn Kuhlman]] ''I Believe In Miracles'' show where Frisbee was a featured guest talking about Jesus, prophets and quoting scripture.<ref name=freaks>{{cite web | last=Bill (Wam957) |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0-r4XbTJrw |title=Jesus Freaks 4 (part of my collection of rad videos of early 70's Jesus freaks on the Kathryn Kuhlman show) |accessdate=2007-05-17 }}</ref> By 1971, the [[Jesus Movement]] had broken in the media with major media outlets such as ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'' and ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' covering it. Frisbee, due to his prominence in the movement, was frequently photographed and interviewed. It was also in 1971 that Frisbee and Smith parted ways because their ideological differences had become too great. Smith discounted [[Pentecostal]]ism, maintaining that [[love]] was the greatest manifestation of the [[Holy Spirit]] while Frisbee was strongly involved in theology centering on [[spiritual gifts]] and [[New Testament]] occurrences. Frisbee announced that he would leave California altogether and go to a movement in [[Florida]] led by [[Derek Prince]] and [[Bob Mumford]] which taught a pyramid [[shepherd]]ing style of leadership and was later coined as the [[Shepherding Movement]].<ref name="lost boy"/>


In 1973, the Frisbees divorced because Lonnie's pastor had an affair with Frisbee's wife. Frisbee mentions this in a sermon he gave at the Vineyard Church in Denver, Colorado, a few years before he died.<ref name=divorce>{{cite web |first=Erik|last=Jansson|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO|accessdate=2007-10-18 }}</ref> Connie later re-married. Lonnie left the organization.
In 1973, the Frisbees divorced because Lonnie's pastor had an affair with Frisbee's wife. Frisbee mentions this in a sermon he gave at the Vineyard Church in Denver, Colorado, a few years before he died.<ref name=divorce>{{cite web |first=Erik|last=Jansson|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6833129779160574833 |title=Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO|accessdate=2007-10-18 }}</ref> Connie later re-married. Lonnie left the organization.
Line 50: Line 49:


==Sexuality revealed==
==Sexuality revealed==
Although Lonnie's homosexuality was documented as a "bit of an open secret in the church community" and that he would "party" on Saturday night then preach Sunday morning, many in the church were unaware of his "other life".<ref name=open>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipvvaPRmqsE |title=trailer for documentary FRISBEE|accessdate=2007-05-18 }}</ref> Eventually some church officials felt that his inability to overcome what the church considers sexual immorality became too big a hindrance to his ability to minister. An article in ''[[OC Weekly|The Orange County Weekly]]'', headlined "The First Jesus Freak," chronicles Frisbee's life, in which Matt Coker writes, "Chuck Smith Jr. says he was having lunch with Wimber one day when he asked how the pastor reconciled working with a known [[homosexual]] like Frisbee. Wimber asked how the younger Smith knew this. Smith said he’d received a call from a pastor who’d just heard a young man confess to having been in a six-month relationship with Frisbee. Wimber called Smith the next day to say he’d confronted Frisbee, who openly admitted to the affair and agreed to leave."<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange">Coker, Matt. [http://www.ocweekly.com/features/features/the-first-jesus-freak/19081/?page=1 "The First Jesus Freak"]. ''[[OC Weekly]]'', March 3, 2005. Retrieved on May 17, 2007.</ref>
Although Lonnie's being [[gay]] was documented as a "bit of an open secret in the church community" and that he would "party" on Saturday night then preach Sunday morning, many in the church were unaware of his "other life".<ref name=open>{{cite web | last=Barkonsty|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipvvaPRmqsE |title=trailer for documentary FRISBEE|accessdate=2007-05-18 }}</ref> Eventually some church officials felt that his inability to overcome what the church considers sexual immorality became too big a hindrance to his ability to minister. An article in ''[[OC Weekly|The Orange County Weekly]]'', headlined "The First Jesus Freak," chronicles Frisbee's life, in which Matt Coker writes, "Chuck Smith Jr. says he was having lunch with Wimber one day when he asked how the pastor reconciled working with a known [[homosexual]] like Frisbee. Wimber asked how the younger Smith knew this. Smith said he’d received a call from a pastor who’d just heard a young man confess to having been in a six-month relationship with Frisbee. Wimber called Smith the next day to say he’d confronted Frisbee, who openly admitted to the affair and agreed to leave."<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange">Coker, Matt. [http://www.ocweekly.com/features/features/the-first-jesus-freak/19081/?page=1 "The First Jesus Freak"]. ''[[OC Weekly]]'', March 3, 2005. Retrieved on May 17, 2007.</ref>


In a 2005 interview by ''[[Christianity Today]]'' film reviewer Peter Chattaway with David Di Sabatino, the documentary director of ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'', the two spoke about addressing Lonnie's homosexuality with his family. Said Di Sabatino, "I brought to light some things that not a lot of people knew. I've been in rooms with his family where I've had to tell them that he defined himself as gay, way back. Nobody knew that. There's a lot of hubris in that, to come to people who loved him and prayed for him, and to stand there and say, "You didn't really know this, but..."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter |url= http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-05-11}}</ref> In the same interview Di Sabatino also stated, "His early testimony at Calvary Chapel was that he had come out of the homosexual lifestyle, but he felt like a [[leper]] because a lot of people turned away from him after that, so he took it out of his testimony—and I think that's an indictment of the church."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-05-11}}</ref> Di Sabatino commented on Frisbee's homosexuality as a flaw and stated that Frisbee's brother claimed Frisbee was raped at the age of 8 years old and postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity, and now I can't say that I'm surprised at all."<ref name=testimony/> In other research Di Sabatino revealed that Frisbee had come from a broken home and entered into [[Laguna Beach]]'s gay underground scene with a friend when he was fifteen.<ref name="The First Jesus Freak orange"/>
In a 2005 interview by ''[[Christianity Today]]'' film reviewer Peter Chattaway with David Di Sabatino, the documentary director of ''Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher'', the two spoke about addressing Lonnie's sexuality with his family. Said Di Sabatino, "I brought to light some things that not a lot of people knew. I've been in rooms with his family where I've had to tell them that he defined himself as gay, way back. Nobody knew that. There's a lot of hubris in that, to come to people who loved him and prayed for him, and to stand there and say, "You didn't really know this, but..."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter |url= http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-05-11}}</ref> In the same interview Di Sabatino also stated, "His early testimony at Calvary Chapel was that he had come out of the homosexual lifestyle, but he felt like a [[leper]] because a lot of people turned away from him after that, so he took it out of his testimony—and I think that's an indictment of the church."<ref name=testimony>{{cite web | last=Chattaway | first=Peter|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html |title=Documentary of a Hippie Preacher |accessdate=2007-05-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070511081931/http://www.christianitytoday.com/movies/interviews/daviddisabatino.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-05-11}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
Line 60: Line 59:
[[Jim Palosaari]] narrated ''"Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher"'' and the documentary received an [[Emmy Award]] nomination from the [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (San Francisco/NorCal chapter).
[[Jim Palosaari]] narrated ''"Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher"'' and the documentary received an [[Emmy Award]] nomination from the [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (San Francisco/NorCal chapter).


Finished in March 2005, ''Frisbee'' was first accepted to the Newport Beach Film Festival where it sold out the Lido Theater not far from where in the late 1960s the Frisbees ran the Blue Top commune, a Christian community of young [[hippie]] believers. The documentary was also accepted to the Mill Valley (2005), Reel Heart (2005), Ragamuffin (2005), San Francisco International Independent (2006), New York Underground (2006) and Philadelphia Gay & Lesbian (2006) film festivals. The edited movie showed on San Francisco's [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] in November 2006, and was released in DVD form in January 2007.
Finished in March 2005, ''Frisbee'' was first accepted to the Newport Beach Film Festival where it sold out the [[Lido Theater]] not far from where in the late 1960s the Frisbees ran the Blue Top commune, a Christian community of young [[hippie]] believers. The documentary was also accepted to the Mill Valley (2005), Reel Heart (2005), Ragamuffin (2005), San Francisco International Independent (2006), New York Underground (2006) and Philadelphia Gay & Lesbian (2006) film festivals. The edited movie showed on San Francisco's [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] in November 2006, and was released in DVD form in January 2007.


A soundtrack featuring the music of [[The All Saved Freak Band]], [[Agape]], [[Joy (band)|Joy]] and [[Gentle Faith]] was released in May 2007.<ref name=Emmy>{{cite web| url=http://www.christiancinema.com/catalog/newsdesk_info.php?newsdesk_id=344 |title=Documentary on Hippie Preacher Receives Emmy Award Nomination |accessdate=2007-05-17 }}</ref> A pre-release version of the DVD was produced that featured 21 recordings of songs by [[Larry Norman]] alone,<ref>Mike Rimmer, "Larry Norman - Frisbee", Cross Rhythms (8 September 2005 ), http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Larry_Norman/Frisbee/13328/; Jim Böthel , "Frisbee (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/Frisbee_CD.htm</ref> as well as others by Randy Stonehill, Love Song, Fred Caban, Mark Heard, and Stonewood Cross.<ref name=soundtrack>{{cite web| url=http://www.firestreamvault.com/main/index.php?go=showitem&item_id=10656&cat_id=1267 |title=Frisbee by Larry Norman |accessdate=2010-04-15 }}</ref> However, due to licensing issues most of the music was changed for the final release.<ref>Jim Böthel, "Slinky (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/slinky.htm</ref>
A soundtrack featuring the music of [[The All Saved Freak Band]], [[Agape]], [[Joy (band)|Joy]] and [[Gentle Faith]] was released in May 2007.<ref name=Emmy>{{cite web| url=http://www.christiancinema.com/catalog/newsdesk_info.php?newsdesk_id=344 |title=Documentary on Hippie Preacher Receives Emmy Award Nomination |accessdate=2007-05-17 }}</ref> A pre-release version of the DVD was produced that featured 21 recordings of songs by [[Larry Norman]] alone,<ref>Mike Rimmer, "Larry Norman - Frisbee", Cross Rhythms (8 September 2005 ), http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Larry_Norman/Frisbee/13328/; Jim Böthel , "Frisbee (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/Frisbee_CD.htm</ref> as well as others by Randy Stonehill, Love Song, Fred Caban, Mark Heard, and Stonewood Cross.<ref name=soundtrack>{{cite web| url=http://www.firestreamvault.com/main/index.php?go=showitem&item_id=10656&cat_id=1267 |title=Frisbee by Larry Norman |accessdate=2010-04-15 }}</ref> However, due to licensing issues most of the music was changed for the final release.<ref>Jim Böthel, "Slinky (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/slinky.htm</ref>

Revision as of 01:50, 9 June 2011

Lonnie Frisbee
Lonnie Frisbee in the 1960s
Born(1949-06-06)June 6, 1949
Costa Mesa, California, United States
DiedMarch 12, 1993(1993-03-12) (aged 43)
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Pentecostal evangelist and minister
Years active1966-1991 (25 years)
Known forPower evangelism
Notable workCharismatic spark igniting the rise of Calvary Chapel and the Vineyard Movement, two worldwide denominations. Starting the House of Miracles (Christian communes) and inspiring the start of Jesus Movement concerts
StylePower evangelism, gifts of the Spirit
MovementJesus People
SpouseConnie (divorced in 1973)
Websitewww.LonnieFrisbee.com

Lonnie Frisbee (June 6, 1949 – March 12, 1993) was an American Pentecostal evangelist and self-described "seeing prophet" and mystic in the late 1960s and 1970s.[1][2] Despite (or because of) his hippie appearance and being a mostly-closeted gay man,[3][4] he had notable success as a minister and evangelist especially in the signs and wonders faith movement of the 1970s and 1980s.[5][6]

Contemporary accounts attributed his accomplishments to his incredible anointing of the Holy Spirit. Frisbee was a key figure in the Jesus Movement and eyewitness accounts of his ministry documented in the 2007 Emmy-nominated film Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher explain how Lonnie became the [[charismatic spark igniting the rise of Chuck Smith's Calvary Chapel and the Vineyard Movement, two worldwide denominations and among the largest evangelical denominations to emerge in the last thirty years.[5][7] It was said that he was not one of the hippie preachers, "there was one."[8][9] The term 'power evangelism' comes from Frisbee's ministry, some of his harshest critics for heavy use of the Holy Spirit and the gifts of the Spirit came from the churches he helped found.[10] He also influenced many prophetic evangelists including Jonathan Land, Marc Dupont, Jill Austin and others.[10] Frisbee co-founded the House of Miracles commune and was its main architect converting thousands including the earliest musicians who would start the Christian rock movement including the Maranatha! Music label, the first of its kind. The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to Oregon to form Shiloh Youth Revival Centers, the largest and one of the longest lasting of the Jesus People communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across North America.[17] This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.

Frisbee functioned both as an evangelical preacher also privately socialized as a gay man before and during his evangelism career.[5] This is held in tension with the fact that he said in interviews that he never believed homosexuality was anything other than a sin in the eyes of God and both denominations prohibited gay sexual behavior. Both churches later disowned him because of his active sexual life, removing him first from leadership positions, then ultimately, firing him.[5] He was shunned and "written out of the official histories."[11] As part of his ostracism from his former churches his work was maligned but he forgave those who tried to discredit him before his death from AIDS in 1993.[5]

Early life and career

Frisbee was raised in a single parent (then called a "broken home"), and was exposed to "sketchy, dangerous characters" as a child.[6][12] Frisbee's brother claimed Lonnie was raped at the age of eight and documentarian David di Sabatino postulated that an incident of that nature "fragments your identity."[4] His father ran off with another woman and his mother tracked down and married the jilted husband.[13] He showed great interest in the arts and cooking.[13] He won awards for his paintings and even appeared as a featured dancer on Shebang.[13] He exhibited a "bohemian" streak and regularly ran away from home.[13] As a teen he became part of the drug culture, as part of a spiritual quest,[13] and at fifteen he entered Laguna Beach's gay underground scene with a friend.[12][6] His "spotty" high school eduction left him barely able to read and write.[12] At 18 he joined thousands of other flower children and hippies for the Summer of Love in San Francisco in 1967.[14] He described himself as a "nudist-vegetarian-hippie".[10]

Frisbee's unofficial evangelism career began as a part of a soul-searching LSD acid-trip as part of a regular "Turn on, tune in, drop out" session of getting high.[6] He would often read the Bible while tripping.[13] On one pilgrimage with friends to Tahquitz Canyon outside Palm Springs instead of finding meaning again in mysticism and the occult Frisbee started reading the Gospel of John to the group and eventually led the group to Tahquitz Falls and baptized them.[6] A later acid-trip in the same area produced "a vision of a vast sea of people crying out to the the Lord for salvation, with Frisbee in front preaching the gospel."[13] His "grand vision of spreading Christianity to the masses" alienated his family and friends.[13] Frisbee left for San Francisco where he had won a fellowship to the San Francisco Art Academy.[13] He soon met members of the Haight-Ashbury's Living Room mission. At the time, he talked about UFOs and practiced hypnotism and spoke about dabbling in occult and mysticism.[15] When Christian missionaries first met him, they said he was talking about "Jesus and flying saucers". Frisbee converted to Christianity, and joined the first street Christian community, The Living Room, a storefront coffeehouse commune of four couples in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco started in 1967.[16][17] He quit the art academy and moved to Novato, California to set up a commune and later reconnected with his former girlfriend Connie whom he then married. The community was soon dubbed The House of Acts after the community of early Christians in the Acts of the Apostles. Frisbee designed a sign to put outside the house, but was informed that if he gave it an official name, it would no longer be considered a mere guest house and would be subject to renovations. The community took the sign down to avoid the financial obligation. Frisbee continued painting detailed oils including of missions.[12]

Jesus movement, Calvary Chapel

File:Lonnie Frisbee.jpg
Lonnie Frisbee baptizes a convert in the Pacific Ocean while hundreds watch. Photos such as this explaining Frisbee and the Jesus Freaks were printed in Time and Life magazines.[7]

Chuck Smith, meanwhile, had been making plans to build a chapel out of a surplus school building in the City of Santa Ana, near Costa Mesa when he met Frisbee. Smith's daughter's boyfriend John was a former addict who had turned to Christianity and when Smith wanted to meet a hippie John brought home Frisbee who was hitch-hiking so he could meet people to tell about Jesus and salvation.[12] Lonnie and his wife Connie joined the fledgling Calvary Chapel congregation and Smith was struck by Lonnie's charisma, "I was not at all prepared for the love that this young man would radiate."[16] Frisbee became one of the most important ministers in the church when on 17 May 1968 Smith put the young couple in charge of the Costa Mesa rehab house called "The House of Miracles" with John Higgins and his wife Jackie, within a week it had 35 new converts. Bunk beds were built in the garage to house all the new converts.[12] Lonnie led the Wednesday night Bible study which soon became the central night for the church attracting thousands.[16] Frisbee's attachment to the charismatic Pentecostal style caused some disagreement within the church since he seemed focused more on gaining converts and experiencing the presence of the Holy Spirit than on teaching newer converts Biblical doctrine.[5] Chuck Smith, however, took up that job and welcomed Frisbee into his church. Frisbee's appearance helped appeal to hippies and those interested in youth culture, and Lonnie believed that the youth culture would play a prominent role in the Christian movement in the United States. He cited Joel the prophet and remained upbeat despite what the young couple saw as unbalanced treatment as Frisbee was never paid for his work yet another person was hired full-time as Smith's assistant.[9]

The country was being swept with a youth movement with California being one of the epicenters.[18] The counterculture of hippies and surfers hung around the beaches and music and the resulting dancing was the main form of communication.[18] Frisbee would walk the beaches during the day and convert the young people and bring them back to the church for the nightly services.[18] Some of the converts were the same musicians from the beaches who started to write and perform praise and worship music.[18] Soon they formed groups like Sweet Comfort Band, Love Song, Chuck Girard, Children of the Day, The Way, Mustard Seed Faith, Debby Kerner, Daniel Amos, and Country Faith.[18][19] The services at Calvary were more like rock concerts with the ministers indistinguishable from the attendees.[18] Soon after a Christian rock label Maranatha! Music.[18] The label's first release was a various artists compilation entitled The Everlastin' Living Jesus Music Concert, in 1971.[19] The Sourthen California Christian rock and coffeehouse commune network soon had these bands touring and doing concerts and services, often with Frisbee delivering the sermon and call for converts.[18] This is the beginning of the Christian contemporary music worship concert approach to ministering.[19] The House of Miracles grew into a series of nineteen communal houses that later migrated to Oregon to form Shiloh Youth Revival Centers, the largest and one of the longest lasting of the Jesus People communal groups which had 100,000 members and 175 communal houses spread across North America.[20] This may have been the largest Christian communal group in US history.[20] From 1968 - 1971 Frisbee was a leader in the Jesus Movement bringing in thousands of new converts and his influence over Calvary Chapel leaders including Mike MacIntosh and Greg Laurie, whom he mentored and has since gone on to establish Harvest Christian Fellowship (the eighth largest church in America with over 15,000 members) helped shape the Calvary Chapel movement.[16][6]

Fame

"Jesus Freaks", or "Jesus People" as they were often called, were documented in media including the Kathryn Kuhlman I Believe In Miracles show where Frisbee was a featured guest talking about Jesus, prophets and quoting scripture.[21] By 1971, the Jesus Movement had broken in the media with major media outlets such as Life, Newsweek and Rolling Stone covering it. Frisbee, due to his prominence in the movement, was frequently photographed and interviewed. It was also in 1971 that Frisbee and Smith parted ways because their ideological differences had become too great. Smith discounted Pentecostalism, maintaining that love was the greatest manifestation of the Holy Spirit while Frisbee was strongly involved in theology centering on spiritual gifts and New Testament occurrences. Frisbee announced that he would leave California altogether and go to a movement in Florida led by Derek Prince and Bob Mumford which taught a pyramid shepherding style of leadership and was later coined as the Shepherding Movement.[12]

In 1973, the Frisbees divorced because Lonnie's pastor had an affair with Frisbee's wife. Frisbee mentions this in a sermon he gave at the Vineyard Church in Denver, Colorado, a few years before he died.[2] Connie later re-married. Lonnie left the organization.

Vineyard Movement

Meanwhile, in May 1977 John Wimber was laying the groundwork for what would become the Association of Vineyard Churches, also known as the Vineyard Movement, he had witnessed the explosive growth of Calvary Chapel and sought to build a church that embraced the healings and miracles that he had previously been taught were no longer a part of Christian life. He began teaching and preaching about spiritual gifts and healings which did occur but it wasn't until May 1980 when Lonnie testified that the charismatic gifts of the Holy Spirit took hold of the church. Lonnie was invited by John Wimber to go to what was then a Yorba Linda branch of the Calvary Chapel movement, to preach. Since his early days at Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, Lonnie had made a shift in his emphasis from evangelism to the dramatic and demonstrative manifestation of the power of the Holy Spirit. After speaking Lonnie invited all the young people 25 and under to come forward and invited the Holy Spirit to bring God's power into their lives. Witnesses say it looked like a battlefield as young people fell and began to shake and speak in tongues.[22] The young kids, many in Junior High and High School, were so "filled with the Spirit" that they soon started baptizing friends in Jacuzzis and swimming pools around town. The church catapulted in growth over the next few months and the event is credited with launching the Vineyard Movement.[23] After this time, Frisbee and Wimber began traveling the world, going to such places as South Africa and Europe; Frisbee being a much sought-after preacher with his "Jesus-like" look getting him instant recognition from South Africa to Denmark.[6][9] While there, they performed many healings and miracles for people.[10] As reported by many who were there, Frisbee was integral to the development of what would become Wimber's "Signs and Wonders theology".

Sexuality revealed

Although Lonnie's being gay was documented as a "bit of an open secret in the church community" and that he would "party" on Saturday night then preach Sunday morning, many in the church were unaware of his "other life".[24] Eventually some church officials felt that his inability to overcome what the church considers sexual immorality became too big a hindrance to his ability to minister. An article in The Orange County Weekly, headlined "The First Jesus Freak," chronicles Frisbee's life, in which Matt Coker writes, "Chuck Smith Jr. says he was having lunch with Wimber one day when he asked how the pastor reconciled working with a known homosexual like Frisbee. Wimber asked how the younger Smith knew this. Smith said he’d received a call from a pastor who’d just heard a young man confess to having been in a six-month relationship with Frisbee. Wimber called Smith the next day to say he’d confronted Frisbee, who openly admitted to the affair and agreed to leave."[6]

In a 2005 interview by Christianity Today film reviewer Peter Chattaway with David Di Sabatino, the documentary director of Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher, the two spoke about addressing Lonnie's sexuality with his family. Said Di Sabatino, "I brought to light some things that not a lot of people knew. I've been in rooms with his family where I've had to tell them that he defined himself as gay, way back. Nobody knew that. There's a lot of hubris in that, to come to people who loved him and prayed for him, and to stand there and say, "You didn't really know this, but..."[4] In the same interview Di Sabatino also stated, "His early testimony at Calvary Chapel was that he had come out of the homosexual lifestyle, but he felt like a leper because a lot of people turned away from him after that, so he took it out of his testimony—and I think that's an indictment of the church."[4]

Death

Frisbee contracted AIDS and died from complications associated with the condition.[12] At his funeral, Calvary Chapel's Chuck Smith eulogized Frisbee as a Samson-like figure; that being a man through whom God did many great works, but was the victim of his own struggles and temptations.[25] Some saw this as further maligning Frisbee's work and an inappropriate characterization at a funeral service.[5] Others, such as Frisbee friend John Ruttkay, saw the Samson analogy as spot on, and said so at his funeral.[5]

Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher

Jim Palosaari narrated "Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher" and the documentary received an Emmy Award nomination from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (San Francisco/NorCal chapter).

Finished in March 2005, Frisbee was first accepted to the Newport Beach Film Festival where it sold out the Lido Theater not far from where in the late 1960s the Frisbees ran the Blue Top commune, a Christian community of young hippie believers. The documentary was also accepted to the Mill Valley (2005), Reel Heart (2005), Ragamuffin (2005), San Francisco International Independent (2006), New York Underground (2006) and Philadelphia Gay & Lesbian (2006) film festivals. The edited movie showed on San Francisco's KQED in November 2006, and was released in DVD form in January 2007.

A soundtrack featuring the music of The All Saved Freak Band, Agape, Joy and Gentle Faith was released in May 2007.[26] A pre-release version of the DVD was produced that featured 21 recordings of songs by Larry Norman alone,[27] as well as others by Randy Stonehill, Love Song, Fred Caban, Mark Heard, and Stonewood Cross.[28] However, due to licensing issues most of the music was changed for the final release.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ Frisbee, Lonnie. "Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO; Senior Pastor Tom Stipe". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  2. ^ a b Jansson, Erik. "Lonnie Frisbee ministering at Vineyard Church in Denver, CO". Retrieved 2007-10-18.
  3. ^ Annette Cloutier, Præy To God: A Tasteful Trip Through Faith: Volume One, ISBN 1436315557, 9781436315555, page 437.
  4. ^ a b c d Chattaway, Peter. "Documentary of a Hippie Preacher". Archived from the original on 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2007-05-17. Cite error: The named reference "testimony" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h David di Sabatino (2001). Frisbee: The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher (Documentary movie). United States: David Di Sabatino.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Coker, Matt. "The First Jesus Freak". OC Weekly, March 3, 2005. Retrieved on May 17, 2007.
  7. ^ a b Glen G. Scorgie, A Little Guide to Christian Spirituality: Three Dimensions of Life with God, Chapter 8-"An Integrated Spirituality", Zondervan, 2009, ISBN 0310540003, 9780310540007.
  8. ^ Barkonsty. "teaser for the documentary FRISBEE: The Life & Death of a Hippie Preacher". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  9. ^ a b c Coker, Matt (April 14, 2005). "Ears on Their Heads, But They Don't Hear: Spreading the real message of Frisbee". Orange County Weekly. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  10. ^ a b c d John Crowder, Miracle workers, reformers and the new mystics, Destiny Image Publishers, 2006, ISBN 0768423503, 9780768423501, pages 103-6.
  11. ^ Brett McCracken, Hipster Christianity: When Church and Cool Collide, Baker Books, 2010, ISBN 0801072220, 9780801072222 page 80-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Greg Laurie, Ellen Vaughn, Lost Boy: My Story , Gospel Light, 2008, ISBN 0830745785, 9780830745784, pages 81-3, 85-9, 106
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i David W. Stowe, No Sympathy for the Devil: Christian Pop Music and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism, UNC Press Books, 2011, ISBN 0807834580, 9780807834589, page 23-9.
  14. ^ Don Lattin, Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge, HarperCollins, 2008, ISBN 0061118060, 9780061118067, pages 31-3.
  15. ^ Bill (Wam957). "The Son Worshipers, 30 minute documentary on the Jesus Movement circa 1971. Edited by Bob Cording and Weldon Hardenbrook". Retrieved 2007-05-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b c d Balmer, Randall. The Encyclopedia of Evangelism, page 227, 303, 532. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  17. ^ Stephen J. Nichols. Jesus Made in America: A Cultural History from the Puritans to the Passion of the Christ, InterVarsity Press, 2008, ISBN 0830828494, 9780830828494, pages 124-5.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h W. K. McNeil, Encyclopedia of American gospel music, Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 0415941792, 9780415941792, page 59.
  19. ^ a b c Rabey, Steve (1991). "Marathana! Music Turns Twenty". CCM Magazine. 13 (10): 12. ISSN 1524-7848. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  20. ^ a b Richardson, James T. Regulating Religion: Case Studies from Around the Globe, (2004) Springer, ISBN 0306478870. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
  21. ^ Bill (Wam957). "Jesus Freaks 4 (part of my collection of rad videos of early 70's Jesus freaks on the Kathryn Kuhlman show)". Retrieved 2007-05-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ David A. Roozen, James R. NiemanBalmer. Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times - Page 134. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  23. ^ Jackson, Bill. A Short History of the Association of Vineyard Churches. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  24. ^ Barkonsty. "trailer for documentary FRISBEE". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  25. ^ "Video of Lonnie Frisbee Memorial Service at Crystal Cathedral, Chuck Smith, Phil Aguilar and guests..." Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  26. ^ "Documentary on Hippie Preacher Receives Emmy Award Nomination". Retrieved 2007-05-17.
  27. ^ Mike Rimmer, "Larry Norman - Frisbee", Cross Rhythms (8 September 2005 ), http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Larry_Norman/Frisbee/13328/; Jim Böthel , "Frisbee (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/Frisbee_CD.htm
  28. ^ "Frisbee by Larry Norman". Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  29. ^ Jim Böthel, "Slinky (2005)", http://www.meetjesushere.com/slinky.htm
  • Young, Shawn David (2005). Hippies, Jesus Freaks, and Music. Ann Arbor: Xanedu/Copley Original Works. ISBN 1-59399-201-7.

External links

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