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|period=3
|period=3
|block=p
|block=p
|series color=
|series colour=
|phase color=
|phase colour=
|appearance=colorless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
|appearance=colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
|image name=PhosphComby.jpg
|image name=PhosphComby.jpg
|image size=
|image size=
|image name comment=waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules center left, chunk center right), and violet phosphorus
|image name comment=waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
|image name 2=
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|image name 2 comment=
Line 26: Line 26:
|electron configuration=&#91;[[neon|Ne]]&#93; 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>3</sup>
|electron configuration=&#91;[[neon|Ne]]&#93; 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>3</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 5
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 5
|color=
|colour=
|phase=solid
|phase=solid
|phase comment=
|phase comment=
Line 55: Line 55:
|heat vaporization=(white) 12.4
|heat vaporization=(white) 12.4
|heat capacity=(white)<br />23.824
|heat capacity=(white)<br />23.824
|vapor pressure 1=279
|vapour pressure 1=279
|vapor pressure 10=307
|vapour pressure 10=307
|vapor pressure 100=342
|vapour pressure 100=342
|vapor pressure 1 k=388
|vapour pressure 1 k=388
|vapor pressure 10 k=453
|vapour pressure 10 k=453
|vapor pressure 100 k=549
|vapour pressure 100 k=549
|vapor pressure comment=(white)
|vapour pressure comment=(white)
|vapor pressure 1 2=455
|vapour pressure 1 2=455
|vapor pressure 10 2=489
|vapour pressure 10 2=489
|vapor pressure 100 2=529
|vapour pressure 100 2=529
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=576
|vapour pressure 1 k 2=576
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=635
|vapour pressure 10 k 2=635
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=704
|vapour pressure 100 k 2=704
|vapor pressure comment 2=(red, bp. 431 °C)
|vapour pressure comment 2=(red, bp. 431 °C)
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure=
|oxidation states='''5''', 4, 3, 2<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/P/H4P2-13445506.html webelements]</ref>, 1 <ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic060186o|pmid=16903744|title=Phosphorus(I) Iodide:  A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds|year=2006|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=45|issue=17|pages=6864–74}}</ref>, −1, −2, −3
|oxidation states='''5''', 4, 3, 2<ref>[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/P/H4P2-13445506.html webelements]</ref>, 1 <ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic060186o|pmid=16903744|title=Phosphorus(I) Iodide:  A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds|year=2006|last1=Ellis|first1=Bobby D.|last2=MacDonald|first2=Charles L. B.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=45|issue=17|pages=6864–74}}</ref>, −1, −2, −3
|oxidation states comment=mildly [[acid]]ic oxide
|oxidation states comment=mildly [[acid]]ic oxide
|electronegativity=2.19
|electronegativity=2.19
|number of ionization energies=4
|number of ionisation energies=4
|1st ionization energy=1011.8
|1st ionisation energy=1011.8
|2nd ionization energy=1907
|2nd ionisation energy=1907
|3rd ionization energy=2914.1
|3rd ionisation energy=2914.1
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|107±3]]
|covalent radius=[[1 E-10 m|107±3]]
|Van der Waals radius=[[1 E-10 m|180]]
|Van der Waals radius=[[1 E-10 m|180]]
|magnetic ordering= (white,red,violet,black) [[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|magnetic ordering= (white, red, violet, black) [[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0=

Revision as of 02:39, 22 June 2012

Phosphorus, 00P
Phosphorus
Pronunciation/ˈfɒsfərəs/ ​(FOS-fər-əs)
Allotropeswhite, red, violet, black and others (see Allotropes of phosphorus)
Appearancecolourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)
Phosphorus in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
N
↑
P
↓
As
silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Density (near r.t.)(white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g/cm3
Triple point
(red) 862.7 K, 4367 kPa
Heat of fusion(white) 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization(white) 12.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(white)
23.824 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of phosphorus
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Thermal conductivity(white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering(white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic[5]
Bulk modulus(white) 5, (red) 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0
Isotopes of phosphorus
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.269 d β− 32S
33P trace 25.35 d β− 33S
 Category: Phosphorus
| references

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
  4. ^ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
  5. ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. ^ webelements
  7. ^ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide:  A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744. {{cite journal}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 22 (help)
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