Chelyabinsk: Difference between revisions
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Shortly after dawn on 15 February 2013, a |
Shortly after dawn on 15 February 2013, a meteor descended at about over 55,000 km/h (33,000 mph) over the [[Ural Mountains]], exploding at an altitude 15-20 miles in a momentary flash as bright as the sun and generating a shockwave that injured more than 900 people. Fragments fell in and around Chelyabinsk. Interior Ministry spokesman [[Vadim Kolesnikov]] said 1100 people had called for medical assistance following the incident, mostly for treatment of injuries from glass broken by the explosions. Kolsenikov also said about 600 square meters (6,000 square feet) of a roof at a zinc factory had collapsed. A spokeswoman for the Emergency Ministry told the [[Associated Press]] that there was a [[meteor shower]], but another ministry spokeswoman was quoted by the [[Interfax]] news agency as saying it was a single meteor.<ref>{{cite web|title=BREAKING: Huge Meteor Blazes Across Sky Over Russia; Sonic Boom Shatters Windows [UPDATED]|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/02/15/breaking_huge_meteor_explodes_over_russia.html|publisher=Slate.com|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meteor strikes Earth in Russia's Urals|url=http://english.pravda.ru/news/hotspots/15-02-2013/123799-meteorite_russia-0/|publisher=Pravda|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=400 INJURED BY METEORITE FALLS IN RUSSIAN URALS|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_RUSSIA_METEORITE?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT|publisher=AP|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref> |
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==Administrative and municipal status== |
==Administrative and municipal status== |
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Revision as of 05:21, 16 February 2013
Chelyabinsk
Челябинск | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag | |
Location of Chelyabinsk  | |
  Chelyabinsk Location of Chelyabinsk  Chelyabinsk Chelyabinsk (Chelyabinsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°9′N 61°24′E / 55.150°N 61.400°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| Founded | 1736 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Council |
| • Head | Stanislav Mosharov |
| Elevation | 220 m (720 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,130,132 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 1,202,371 (+6.4%) |
| • Rank | 9th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | City of Chelyabinsk[1] |
| • Capital of | Chelyabinsk Oblast,[1] City of Chelyabinsk[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug[1] |
| • Capital of | Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2  [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 454xxx |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 351[6] |
| OKTMO ID | 75701000001 |
| City Day | September 13 |
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Chelyabinsk (Russian: Челябинск, IPA: [tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk] ) is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwest of the oblast, 210 kilometers (130 mi) south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia.[7] [8] [9] Population: 1,130,132 (2010 Russian census);[2] 1,077,174 (2002 Census);[10] 1,141,777 (1989 Soviet census).[11]
History
The fortress of Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was constructed on the site in 1736; town status was granted to it in 1781. Around 1900, it served as a center for the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. According to official statistics the population on January 1, 1913 was 45,000 inhabitants.
For several months during the Russian Civil War, Chelyabinsk was held by the White movement and Czechoslovak Legions, becoming a center for splinters of the Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia. The city later fell to Bolshevik Russian forces.
In the decades after the Finnish Civil War in 1918, some 15,000 "Red" Finns defected into the Soviet Union. About 2000 of them were transferred to Chelyabinsk via railway. In 1938, during the Great Purge, around 1000 of them were executed, the largest single action being shooting of 252 Finns in March 10 and 13 in Chelyabinsk. Their mass grave is located near the Zolonyi Gora's former gold mine, and today bears a small memorial.[12]
During the Soviet industrialization of the 1930s, Chelyabinsk experienced rapid growth. Several industrial establishments, including the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, were built at this time. During World War II, Joseph Stalin decided to move a large part of Soviet factory production to places out of the way of the advancing German armies in late 1941. This brought new industries and thousands of workers to Chelyabinsk—still essentially a small city. Several enormous facilities for the production of T-34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers existed in Chelyabinsk, which became known as "Tankograd" (Tank City). Chelyabinsk was essentially built from scratch during this time. A small town existed before this, signs of which can be found in the centre of the city. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 moved here from Leningrad to produce heavy tanks — it was transferred to Omsk after 1962.
Chelyabinsk has had a long association (since the 1940s) with top-secret nuclear research, though this is more properly applicable to Chelyabinsk Oblast as a whole, as nuclear facilities such as Chelyabinsk-70 (Snezhinsk) are, or were, located far outside the city. A serious nuclear accident occurred in 1957 at the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, 150 km north-west of the city, which caused deaths in Chelyabinsk Oblast but not in the city. The province was closed to all foreigners until 1992 other than a British medical team following a two-train rail explosion in the mid 1980s.
2013 meteor event
 | This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. |
Shortly after dawn on 15 February 2013, a meteor descended at about over 55,000 km/h (33,000 mph) over the Ural Mountains, exploding at an altitude 15-20 miles in a momentary flash as bright as the sun and generating a shockwave that injured more than 900 people. Fragments fell in and around Chelyabinsk. Interior Ministry spokesman Vadim Kolesnikov said 1100 people had called for medical assistance following the incident, mostly for treatment of injuries from glass broken by the explosions. Kolsenikov also said about 600 square meters (6,000 square feet) of a roof at a zinc factory had collapsed. A spokeswoman for the Emergency Ministry told the Associated Press that there was a meteor shower, but another ministry spokeswoman was quoted by the Interfax news agency as saying it was a single meteor.[13][14][15]
Administrative and municipal status
Chelyabinsk is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Chelyabinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Chelyabinsk is incorporated as Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug.[1]
Climate
| Climate data for Chelyabinsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.1 (6.6) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
4.7 (40.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −19.0 (−2.2) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.7) |
16 (0.6) |
19 (0.7) |
27 (1.1) |
47 (1.9) |
55 (2.2) |
87 (3.4) |
44 (1.7) |
41 (1.6) |
30 (1.2) |
26 (1.0) |
21 (0.8) |
430 (16.9) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 83 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85 | 77 | 76 | 66 | 61 | 64 | 69 | 71 | 73 | 73 | 82 | 83 | 73 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (precipitation days only)[17] | |||||||||||||
Education
There are over a dozen universities in Chelyabinsk. The main ones are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University and Chelyabinsk Medical Academy.
Economy
Chelyabinsk is one of the major industrial centers of Russia. Heavy industry predominates, especially metallurgy and military machinery, notably the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combinate (CMK, ChMK), Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (CTZ, ChTZ), Chelyabinsk Electrode plant (CHEZ), Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (ChTPZ) and Chelyabinsk Forge-and-Press Plant (ChKPZ).
Transportation
Chelyabinsk Metro
Chelyabinsk started construction of a three-line subway network in the early 1980s. It is proceeding slowly using the New Austrian Tunneling method. Pending financing, the opening of the first section is scheduled for 2017.
Airport
The city is served by the Chelyabinsk Airport.
Pollution
The city has been reported as being one of the most polluted places on Earth, having previously been a center of production of weapons-grade plutonium.[18]
Notable people
- Lera Auerbach, composer and musician
- Sergei Babinov, hockey player
- Stanislav Chistov, hockey player
- Evgenii Dadonov, hockey player
- Evgeny Davydov, hockey player
- Makhmut Gareev, historian and military scientist
- Sergei Gonchar, hockey player
- Dmitri Kalinin, hockey player
- Viktor Khristenko, politician
- Sergei Makarov, hockey player
- Oleg Mityaev, musician, People's Artist of Russia
- Andrei Nazarov, hockey player
- Nelli Rokita, politician
- Eugene Roshal, software developer
- Mariya Savinova, Olympic athlete
- Galina Starovoytova, politician
- Maksim Surayev, cosmonaut
- Dmitri Tertyshny, hockey player
- Anna Trebunskaya, ballroom and Latin dancer
- Ivan Ukhov, Olympic athlete
- Slava Voynov, hockey player
- Danis Zaripov, hockey player
Sports
Traktor Chelyabinsk are Chelyabinsk's professional hockey team, playing in the top-tier Kontinental Hockey League since 2008, having been founded in 1948. Traktor plays their home matches at the Traktor Sport Palace.
FC Chelyabinsk is a football club which has played in the city in 1977. As of 2013, the club plays in the Russian Second Division, the third tier of Russian football.
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Chelyabinsk is twinned with:
Changchun, China- Ürümqi, China
Columbia, South Carolina, United States
Antalya, Turkey
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Resolution #161
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Information about central postal office (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federation Cities dialing codes (in Russian)(zip 34.4 KB)
- ^ "Investing in Chelyabinsk city | Invest in Russia". Investinrussia.biz. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
- ^ http://www.rotobo.or.jp/events/forum/presentation/2-4-05Murzina.pdf
- ^ "Invest in Ural". Invest in Ural. June 20, 1933. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Jukka Rislakki, Eila Lahti-Argutina: Meillä ei kotia täällä: Suomalaisten Loikkarien Joukkotuho Uralilla 1938. Otava, 1997. ISBN 951-1-14851-6.
- ^ "BREAKING: Huge Meteor Blazes Across Sky Over Russia; Sonic Boom Shatters Windows [UPDATED]". Slate.com. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
- ^ "Meteor strikes Earth in Russia's Urals". Pravda. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
- ^ "400 INJURED BY METEORITE FALLS IN RUSSIAN URALS". AP. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
- ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Cheljabinsk". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ Andrew Osborn (July 27, 2011). "How Chelyabinsk became synonymous with pollution". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Челябинской области. Постановление №161 от 25 мая 2006 г. «Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований (административно-территориальных единиц) Челябинской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав», в ред. Постановления №2255 от 23 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в перечень муниципальных образований (административно-территориальных единиц) Челябинской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Южноуральская панорама", №111–112, 14 июня 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Resolution #161 of November 25, 2006 On Adoption of the Registry of the Municipal Formations (Administrative-Territorial Units) of Chelyabinsk Oblast and of the Inhabited Localities They Comprise, as amended by the Resolution #2255 of October 23, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Municipal Formations (Administrative-Territorial Units) of Chelyabinsk Oblast and of the Inhabited Localities They Comprise. Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Lennart Samuelson, Tankograd. The Formation of a Soviet Company Town: Cheliabinsk, 1900s–1950s (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
External links
- Website about Chelyabinsk
- Chelyabinsk city portal Template:Ru icon
- Chelyabinsk News Agency Template:Ru icon
- 360 degree panoramas of Chelyabinsk at 360cities.net
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.