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2015 San Bernardino attack: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 34°04′32″N 117°16′40″W / 34.0755°N 117.2777°W / 34.0755; -117.2777
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On December 2, 2015, Syed Rizwan Farook and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, shot and killed 14 people and injured 21 others at the [[Inland Regional Center]] in [[San Bernardino]], California, United States. They targeted a [[San Bernardino County]] Department of Public Health training event and holiday party with about 80 employees in attendance at the rented auditorium. Before the shooting, Syed Farook had attended the event as an employee. After the shooting, the couple fled in an [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]].
On December 2, 2015, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple, shot and killed 14 people and injured 21 others at the [[Inland Regional Center]] in [[San Bernardino]], California, United States. They targeted a [[San Bernardino County]] Department of Public Health training event and holiday party with about 80 employees in attendance at the rented auditorium. Before the shooting, Syed Farook had attended the event as an employee. After the shooting, the couple fled in an [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]].


About four hours later, the two perpetrators were pursued in their vehicle by police and killed during an exchange of gunfire. The [[FBI]] began a [[counter-terrorism]] investigation because of the equipment used, the couples' recent travel to the Middle East, and the discovery of a Facebook post attributed to Malik in which she pledged allegiance (''[[Bay'ah]])'' to the caliph of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL), close to time of the shooting.
About four hours later, the two perpetrators were pursued in their vehicle by police and killed during an exchange of gunfire. The [[FBI]] began a [[counter-terrorism]] investigation because of the equipment used, the couples' recent travel to the Middle East, and the discovery of a Facebook post attributed to Malik in which she pledged allegiance (''[[Bay'ah]])'' to the caliph of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL), close to time of the shooting.

Revision as of 15:18, 5 December 2015

2015 San Bernardino shooting
San Bernardino is located in California
San Bernardino
San Bernardino
San Bernardino is located in the United States
San Bernardino
San Bernardino
LocationInland Regional Center, San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Coordinates34°04′32″N 117°16′40″W / 34.0755°N 117.2777°W / 34.0755; -117.2777
(Inland Regional Center)
34°04′39″N 117°14′54″W / 34.0775°N 117.2484°W / 34.0775; -117.2484
(shootout with police)
DateDecember 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
10:59 am (PST)
TargetSan Bernardino County employees attending a holiday event
Attack type
"Islamic State-inspired" terrorism,[1] mass shooting, workplace shooting
Weapons
  • .223 AR-15 type rifles
    (M&P15 and DPMS)
  • 9mm pistols
    (XD and Llama)
  • Pipe bomb[2][3]
    • Deaths14 civilians
    2 perpetrators
    Injured21 civilians
    2 police officers[4][5]
    PerpetratorsSyed Rizwan Farook
    Tashfeen Malik
    DefendersPolice
    MotiveInvestigated as "Islamic State-inspired" terrorism[1]

    On December 2, 2015, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple, shot and killed 14 people and injured 21 others at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, United States. They targeted a San Bernardino County Department of Public Health training event and holiday party with about 80 employees in attendance at the rented auditorium. Before the shooting, Syed Farook had attended the event as an employee. After the shooting, the couple fled in an SUV.

    About four hours later, the two perpetrators were pursued in their vehicle by police and killed during an exchange of gunfire. The FBI began a counter-terrorism investigation because of the equipment used, the couples' recent travel to the Middle East, and the discovery of a Facebook post attributed to Malik in which she pledged allegiance (Bay'ah) to the caliph of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), close to time of the shooting.

    The attack was the second-deadliest mass shooting in California after the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre, and the deadliest in the U.S. since the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.[6][7]

    Attack

    A – Site of shooting
    B – Injured people treated
    C – School for the blind where some took shelter

    Suspects Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik left their 6-month-old daughter with Farook's mother the morning of the attacks, saying they were going to a doctor's appointment.[8][9] Farook, a health inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health, attended the department's staff meeting at the Inland Regional Center.[10][11] There were about 80 people in attendance.[12]

    Farook was in attendance when a co-worker asked him "Ready to be bored?". Farook responded, "I'm ready."[relevant? – discuss][10] Coworkers reported that Farook had been quiet early on in the event and noticed he had left the party abruptly, leaving his coat and some papers before a group photo was taken.[13][10] There were some reports that an argument occurred before his departure.[14] In later police briefings, it was said he left "under circumstances that were described as angry".[15]

    At 10:59 am PST, Farook and Malik, wearing black tactical outfits and masks, armed with pistols and semi-automatic rifles opened fire on the partygoers.[16] The entire shooting took less than four minutes.[10] They fired between 65 and 75 bullets and left behind an explosive device that failed to detonate.[16] Witnesses said they recognized Farook as one of the shooters by his voice and build.[17]

    Weapons and equipment used

    The shooters were wearing black tactical gear, but not bulletproof vests,[18] and were armed with rifles and handguns.[19]

    Investigators reported that the attackers used two .223-caliber semi-automatic rifles, two 9mm semi-automatic handguns, and an explosive device in the attack.[2][20][3] The rifles used were variants of the AR-15: one was a DPMS Panther Arms A15, the other was a Smith & Wesson M&P15.[20][21] One of the handguns was manufactured by Llama and the other is a Springfield XD.[21] All four of the guns were purchased legally in California four years before the attack, and two of them were purchased by a person now under investigation.[21] The rifles were subsequently and illegally altered: there was an attempted modification to enable the Smith & Wesson rifle to fire in fully automatic mode, and the DPMS weapon used a high-capacity magazine,[3][22] which is not legal in California. The couple had 1,400 rounds for the rifles and 200 for the handguns with them at the time of the shootout.[20]

    In addition to the firearms, the perpetrators left three explosive devices connected to one another at the Inland Regional Center. The devices—described as "three pipe bombs tied together to make one device"—were "stitched together on a remote-controlled car" and failed to explode.[23][24] The bombs were later detonated by a bomb squad.[2][25]

    Police response

    At 11:14 am, the San Bernardino Fire Department posted on Twitter about an emergency on the 1300 block of Waterman Avenue, with the police working to clear the scene.[26][27][28][29] Roads in the area were closed to traffic.[30]

    Police and SWAT teams surrounded the building as people were being evacuated.[31] Police remotely detonated an unidentified device found at the scene and used a battering ram to get into the complex.[32][33] The FBI and the Los Angeles Police Department Counter-Terrorism Unit were called into action.[34] Police were on the lookout for a black SUV used by the perpetrators to flee the scene.[4][32][35][36]

    The U.S. Department of Homeland Security also responded, sending a Pilatus PC-12 surveillance aircraft to the area. The plane circled the skies above San Bernardino for hours, mainly in the area where the shooting took place and in areas under investigation by police, and departed after the shootout between the perpetrators and police.[37][38]

    Shootout and death of perpetrators

    The shootout occurred on the south side of San Bernardino Ave. just east of Sheldon Drive; the "A" at the left indicates the location of the Inland Regional Center.

    Law enforcement pursued the couple who were driving a black Ford Expedition SUV Farook had rented several days earlier.[18] At least one fake explosive—a metal pipe stuffed with cloth made to resemble a pipe bomb—was thrown by the attackers during the pursuit by police.[2][25] After the SUV was stopped, the couple exchanged fire with police from inside their vehicle on East San Bernardino Avenue, about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) away from the scene of the mass shooting. It began around 3:00 pm, about four hours after the initial attack at the Inland Regional Center had begun. Police used multiple BearCat armored personnel carriers and requested medical assistance.

    The gunfire lasted under a minute before both perpetrators were killed.[39][40] The sheriff's department confirmed that one male and one female were killed.[41] According to the San Bernardino police chief, during the shootout, police fired 380 rounds and the couple fired 76 rounds.[18] During the shootout, police asked residents to stay indoors.[42][43]

    Victims

    Fourteen civilians were killed and 21 others injured at the Inland Regional Center,[44][45] including five adult patients who were transported to nearby Loma Linda University Medical Center[31][46] (the only Level I trauma center in the region[20]) and six patients to Arrowhead Regional Medical Center.[32][47] One police officer was injured in the gunfight by a bullet and hospitalized.[4][48][49] Another officer was injured by flying glass or shrapnel.[50]

    Of the 14 deaths, 12 were county employees. Their ages ranged from 26 to 60.[51]

    Perpetrators

    Syed Rizwan Farook

    Portrait of Syed Rizwan Farook
    Farook as pictured on his 2013 driver's license

    Syed Rizwan Farook (June 14, 1987 – December 2, 2015) was born in Chicago, Illinois.[52][9][24] His parents immigrated from Pakistan.[20] According to sources, he had a "troubled childhood"[53] and grew up in an "abusive"[54] home.[55] Farook grew up in Riverside, California, and attended La Sierra High School, graduating in 2004, one year early.[56][57] He attended California State University, San Bernardino, and received a bachelor's degree in environmental health in either 2009[58] or 2010.[56][57] He was a student for one semester in 2014 at California State University, Fullerton in their graduate program for environmental engineering, but never completed the program.[56]

    Farook worked as a food inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for five years before the shooting.[59][60][61] From July to December 2010, he was a seasonal employee for the county. He was hired as an environmental health specialist trainee on January 28, 2012, and became a permanent employee on February 8, 2014.[56] Coworkers described Farook as quiet and polite and said that he held no obvious grudges.[13]

    According to family members and coworkers, Farook was a devout Sunni Muslim, and traveled to Saudi Arabia several times, including to complete the Hajj in 2013.[20][15] Farook attended prayers at the Islamic Center of Riverside twice a day, in the mornings and the evenings, according to an interview in The New York Times with Mustafa H. Kuko, the Center's director. According to the Times, Farook stood out as a devout member, but also "kept a bit of a distance between him and other people".[62] During that time, according to friends, he never discussed politics. About three weeks before the shooting, Farook abruptly stopped going to the mosque.[63]

    Tashfeen Malik

    Tashfeen Malik (July 13, 1988 – December 2, 2015) was born in Pakistan but had lived for most of her life in Saudi Arabia.[64][60][9] She returned to Pakistan to study pharmacy at Bahauddin Zakariya University in Multan and graduated in 2012.[65] According to one of Farook's coworkers, Malik and her husband married about a month after he travelled to Saudi Arabia in early 2014; the two had met over the internet.[13][40] Malik joined Farook in California shortly after their wedding. At the time of her death, Malik and Farook had a six-month-old daughter.[61][66][67] Malik entered the United States on a K-1 fiancée visa with a Pakistani passport.[68][15][20] According to a State Department spokesman, all applicants for such visas are fully screened.[69] Malik's application for a permanent residency "green card" was completed by Farook on her behalf in September 2014, and she was granted a conditional green card in July 2015.[68] Obtaining such a green card would have required the couple to prove that the marriage was legitimate, as well as requiring Malik to provide her fingerprints and pass criminal and national security background checks using government databases.[20][68]

    Malik was one of a small number of female mass shooters in the U.S.; according to FBI statistics, women constituted only 3.75 percent of shooters of active shooter incidents in the 2000–2013 period.[70][71][72] Sources reported that Malik pledged Bay'ah (allegiance) to the caliph of ISIS on a Facebook account associated with her.[73][74][75]

    Malik had ties to the Lal Masjid ("Red Mosque") in Islamabad, Pakistan, which is reputed to have ties to Islamic terror organizations.[76][77][78] She has been linked to Abdul Aziz, the chief cleric of Lal Masjid,[78] who has openly declared his support for ISIS and defended students of Jamia Hafsa, an all-girls madrassa connected to Lal Masjid, when they declared their support for ISIS and its caliph Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in 2014.[79]

    Investigation

    Police said the attack was probably not simply a reaction to an argument and was likely, at least to some degree, planned in advance.[9][14]

    On December 3, the FBI took over the investigation,[80] treating the probe as a counterterrorism investigation.[20] The Washington Post reported that "a senior U.S. law enforcement official said that Farook was in contact with persons of interest with possible ties to terrorism but that these were not 'substantial' contacts."[81] The Los Angeles Times reported that a senior federal official had said that there was "'some kind' of contact" between Farook and people from the Nusra Front and Shabaab, but it was "unclear what type of contact or with whom."[82]

    Investigators stated that Malik made a post on Facebook during the attack that pledged allegiance to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[74][75] Investigators told The New York Times that there is no evidence that ISIL directed the attack, but investigators believe that Farook and Malik took inspiration from the group.[75] An official told the Times that "At this point we believe they were more self-radicalized and inspired by the group than actually told to do the shooting."[75] The couple reportedly "made an unsuccessful attempt to destroy their electronic devices" (including mobile phones and hard drives) prior to the attack.[82][83]

    Following the end of the shootout, the focus shifted to a small townhouse in Redlands, a few miles away from San Bernardino, where the suspects gathered after the shooting and where Farook apparently lived.[84][85] By 6:00 pm PST on December 2, police had begun to execute a search warrant on the house.[84] According to the San Bernardino police chief, Farook and Malik were listed in the rental agreement for that home.[86] Police used robots to search the house.[85] Investigators found 2,000 9-millimeter handgun rounds, 2,500 .223 caliber rounds, and twelve pipe bombs, along with a cache of tools that could be used to make improvised explosive devices.[87]

    After police left the family's townhouse, many reporters and television crews entered the house. They filmed papers and photographs.[88] The media access was called "bizarre" by CNN's Anderson Cooper while broadcasting live; MSNBC's Andrea Mitchell called for restraint. One media ethicist called the reporting "ghoulish"; another said it violated a journalists' code to "minimize harm."[89]

    Pursuant to a federal search warrant, the authorities also searched a different townhouse in Corona twice,[86] because Farook's brother and father lived there.[90] The FBI said that the family is cooperating with the investigation and that authorities did not arrest anyone.[90]

    All of the firearms used in the attack had serial numbers, so the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) stated that it was going to try to trace the weapons through the National Tracing Center.[21]

    On December 4, Assistant Director David Bowdich with the FBI Los Angeless office said, "As of today, based on the information and the facts as we know them, we are now investigating these horrific acts as an act of terrorism."[91] On December 5, FBI Director James Comey stated that there was no evidence that the shooters were part of a terrorist cell.[92]

    Journalists ransack suspects’ townhouse

    On December 4, the landlord used a crowbar to open the door to the suspects’ townhouse, which had previously been searched by the FBI. According to an NBC reporter, Inside Edition had paid the landlord $1000 to get access to the house.[93] Numerous journalists from prominent media organizations such as The New York Times,[94] CNN,[94] and Fox News,[94] came into the house, with some of them looking through personal effects and rearranging them for photos. An analyst on CNN was "so shocked, I cannot believe it", pointing out that the house was clearly a crime scene which was full of evidence, and that no search for fingerprints had taken place.[95]

    Aftermath

    Following the shooting, classes for the remainder of the day were canceled at California State University, San Bernardino.[96] Classes were also canceled at Loma Linda University as a precaution following a bomb threat that was called into the university's medical center, where many injured victims were being treated.[96] James Ramos, chairman of the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors, said following the shooting that most county offices would be closed the remainder of the week, with only the most essential services remaining open.[97] The San Bernardino Department of Public Health announced that all county offices would be closed through December 7.[98] President Obama also ordered U.S. flags to be flown at half-staff at the White House, public buildings, military installations, Navy ships, embassies and diplomatic missions.[99] The governors of several states also ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in their states as well.[100][101][102]

    The annual Christmas tree lighting ceremony at the State Capitol was canceled and all flags were lowered to half-staff.[96][103]

    American Muslim organizations, including CAIR and Islamic Society of Orange County, condemned the attacks.[104]

    Political reactions

    California Governor Jerry Brown said, "Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims' families and everyone affected by the brutal attack."[96]

    President Barack Obama said, "There are some steps we could take‍—‌not to eliminate every one of these mass shootings‍—‌but to improve the odds that they don't happen as frequently," mentioning "common-sense gun safety laws" and "stronger background checks" as examples. He called for bipartisan cooperation to reduce the frequency of such shootings in the U.S.[105] In an interview with CBS News' Norah O'Donnell, Obama said: "We have a pattern now of mass shootings in this country that has no parallel anywhere else in the world."[106] Obama called for legislation to block people on the anti-terrorism No Fly List from purchasing weapons.[106] Speaker of the House Paul Ryan opposed this proposal, saying government officials put people on such lists without any due legal process and so denying those listed the right to bear arms would violate their rights.[107] Republicans have also criticized Obama for his reluctance to refer to this event as an act of "Islamic Extremism".[108]

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    External links

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