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== The alleged beheading of a 19-year-old Iraqi soldier==
== The alleged beheading of a 19-year-old Iraqi soldier==
On 29 July 2014, an individual posted two (2) images to a Facebook page under the pseudonym "Lavdrim Muhaxheri" that, to some extent, give the impression of a man having beheaded an unidentified young man.<ref name=telegraph/><ref name=Tema>{{cite web|title=Shocking IMAGES / Lavdrim Muhaxheri expects human heads in Syria [FOTOT TRONDITESE/ Lavdrim Muhaxheri pret koka njerëzish në Siri]|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetatema.net%2Fweb%2F2014%2F07%2F29%2Ffotot-tronditese-lavdrim-muhaxheri-pret-koka-njerezish-ne-siri%2F&edit-text=|website=GazetaTema.net|accessdate=14 September 2015|date=29 July 2014}} (translated into English with Google translate)</ref> In the first photo, a man is seen standing over the young man, holding his left hand over the subject's jaw and holding a knife in his right hand. In the second photo a man is seen holding what has been assumed, by some, to portrait a young man's severed head. Thus the photo only shows parts of the head from the side and in absence of greater portions of the face, heavily covered in a substance that, by some, has been assumed to be blood. <ref name=Tema/>
On 29 July 2014, images uploaded to a Facebook page were purported to depict Muhaxheri having beheaded an unidentified young man.<ref name=telegraph/><ref name=Tema>{{cite web|title=Shocking IMAGES / Lavdrim Muhaxheri expects human heads in Syria [FOTOT TRONDITESE/ Lavdrim Muhaxheri pret koka njerëzish në Siri]|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetatema.net%2Fweb%2F2014%2F07%2F29%2Ffotot-tronditese-lavdrim-muhaxheri-pret-koka-njerezish-ne-siri%2F&edit-text=|website=GazetaTema.net|accessdate=14 September 2015|date=29 July 2014}} (translated into English with Google translate)</ref> In the first photo, a man is seen standing over the young man, holding his left hand over the subject's jaw and holding a knife in his right hand. In the second photo a man is seen holding what has been assumed, by some, to portrait a young man's severed head. Thus the photo only shows parts of the head from the side and in absence of greater portions of the face, heavily covered in a substance that, by some, has been assumed to be blood. <ref name=Tema/>


These photos were quickly leaked from Muhaxheri's Facebook page to the Kosovo media outlets, and the publications of these photos on the internet evoked a media frenzy in Kosovo. On 2 August 2014 an individual gave an exclusive interview about the footage to the local [[Tirana|Tirana, Albania]] newspaper Gazeta Dita<ref>{{cite web|language=|title=Article with interview in Gazeta Dita on 2 August 2014|url=http://illyriapress.com/lavdrim-muhaxheri-nuk-pendohet-per-ekzekutimin-e-djaloshit-irakian/|date=2 August 2014}}</ref> under the name Lavdrim Muhaxheri wherein he described the young man as a 19-year-old [[Shia–Sunni relations|Shia]] boy, belonging to the Iraqi army loyal to [[Nouri al-Maliki]], who had been caught spying and trespassing on the territory (presumably referring to the territory held by Muhaxheri's group). "Muhaxheri" justified his act of beheading by the following two arguments; that spying is to be punished by death according to the [[Qur'an]], and that his act was not anything out of the ordinary compared to what the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA) had done during the Kosovo War in the 90's. Muhaxheri's claim about the KLA's history was disputed by Kosovo's Minister of Justice, Xhavit Jashari.<ref>{{cite web|language=|trans_title=Muhaxheri Lavdrim veterans react: KLA there beheaded |title=Veteranët i reagojnë Lavdrim Muhaxherit: UÇK s'ka prerë koka|url=http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetovasot.com%2Fveteranet-i-reagojne-lavdrim-muhaxherit-uck-ska-prere-koka%2F|website=TetovaSot.com|accessdate=14 September 2015|date=2 August 2014}} (translated into English with Google Translate)</ref>
These photos were quickly leaked from Muhaxheri's Facebook page to the Kosovo media outlets, and the publications of these photos on the internet evoked a media frenzy in Kosovo. On 2 August 2014 an individual gave an exclusive interview about the footage to the local [[Tirana|Tirana, Albania]] newspaper Gazeta Dita<ref>{{cite web|language=|title=Article with interview in Gazeta Dita on 2 August 2014|url=http://illyriapress.com/lavdrim-muhaxheri-nuk-pendohet-per-ekzekutimin-e-djaloshit-irakian/|date=2 August 2014}}</ref> under the name Lavdrim Muhaxheri wherein he described the young man as a 19-year-old [[Shia–Sunni relations|Shia]] boy, belonging to the Iraqi army loyal to [[Nouri al-Maliki]], who had been caught spying and trespassing on the territory (presumably referring to the territory held by Muhaxheri's group). "Muhaxheri" justified his act of beheading by the following two arguments; that spying is to be punished by death according to the [[Qur'an]], and that his act was not anything out of the ordinary compared to what the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA) had done during the Kosovo War in the 90's. Muhaxheri's claim about the KLA's history was disputed by Kosovo's Minister of Justice, Xhavit Jashari.<ref>{{cite web|language=|trans_title=Muhaxheri Lavdrim veterans react: KLA there beheaded |title=Veteranët i reagojnë Lavdrim Muhaxherit: UÇK s'ka prerë koka|url=http://www.google.com/translate?hl=en&ie=UTF8&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetovasot.com%2Fveteranet-i-reagojne-lavdrim-muhaxherit-uck-ska-prere-koka%2F|website=TetovaSot.com|accessdate=14 September 2015|date=2 August 2014}} (translated into English with Google Translate)</ref>

Revision as of 18:11, 19 January 2016

Lavdrim Muhaxheri (pronounced /muː haˌdzːˈe ri/) (12 March 1989 – 29 November 2013 ), who also was known by nom de guerre Abu Abdullah al Kosova,[1] was a former NATO/American KFOR employee who was best known as a Kosovo-Albanian Islamic State (IS) leader for approximately 100–150 Albanian and Macedonian jihadi foreign fighters from the Balkans and elsewhere in Europe. He appeared in two (2) videos, one from the Iraqi war [2] and one video alongside late KLA member Naman Demolli. [3] On 24 September 2014, the U.S. Department of State (DoS) listed Muhaxheri as the fourth-most-wanted terrorist in the world.[4] Shortly thereafter, on 2 October 2014, a statement from U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry about Muhaxheri being blacklisted in the U.S. was published in the Federal Register.[1]

Early life

Lavdrim Muhaxheri was born on 12 March 1989[5] in the town of Kačanik,[6][7][8] located on the border between Kosovo and Macedonia. He was raised as an ethnic Albanian Muslim by his father, with his brothers and in the absence of his biological mother. Muhaxheri grew up during the Kosovo War of 1989–1999 during which he and his family were affected by the persecution of ethnic Albanians conducted by the Serbian Slobodan Milošević's regime in Kosovo. Muhaxheri graduated from Skanderbeg School. His education earned him a position as an English translator in the then newly opened American Kosovo Force (KFOR) camp named "Camp Bondsteel"[9] in the city of Ferizaj in Kosovo.[7](The reported year might be inacurrate since Camp Bondsteel, a NATO/KFOR camp established for peace keeping at the ending of the Kosovo War, was established in June 1999). He worked at Camp Bondsteel until 2010, when he was promoted to a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) training camp in Afghanistan.[7][10]

From NATO to Islamic State (IS)

Muhaxheri served with NATO in Afghanistan from 2010–2012. Thereafter, he returned to Kosovo and joined a newly founded group within the Islamic Community of Kosova (ICK) organization called Islamic Youth-Kaçanik.[10] Late in 2012, he joined Jabhat al-Nusra, more commonly known as al-Nusra Front. Several of Muhaxheri's relatives and former friends characterized him as not being noticeably distinguishable by his religious beliefs, nor radicalized, prior to his return from the NATO training camp in Afghanistan in 2012.[10]

In March 2014 it became publicly known [10][11][failed verification] that Muhaxheri had joined the Islamic State (IS) when he was assumed, or possibly confused to appear in the IS-released propaganda film "Clanging of the Swords IV" in parallel with the emergence of an older video with Lavdrim Muhaxheri.[2] In the IS' propagandafilm, a man who's often pseudonymed as "Lavdrim Muhaxheri" in public is seen tearing and burning his Kosovo passport while proclaiming that there are no manmade borders between Muslims in the world.[6][7][12]

Muhaxheri's declaration of joining IS [2] shed a new light on the ongoing revolution against the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria; that the revolutionary forces, or militias, were far from as cohesive and synchronized in the battles against the Syrian Armed Forces and other revolutionary groups in Syria as was commonly believed in the West.[13] In the IS propaganda film, "Muhaxheri" and his followers, a group of 100–150 Albanians from Albania, Macedonia and across Europe swore allegiance to IS commander Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi al-Husseini al-Qurashi for battling not only Assad's forces but also pro-democracy groups,[7] revolutionary groups such as Free Syrian Army[13] and groups opposing the Sunni/Husseini Muslims in Syria. Muhaxheri's faction was described as one that sees Syria as a country to be ruled by the Sharia law by adherence to Shahada, and in coalition with groups close to Al-Qaeda.[7]

The alleged beheading of a 19-year-old Iraqi soldier

On 29 July 2014, images uploaded to a Facebook page were purported to depict Muhaxheri having beheaded an unidentified young man.[8][14] In the first photo, a man is seen standing over the young man, holding his left hand over the subject's jaw and holding a knife in his right hand. In the second photo a man is seen holding what has been assumed, by some, to portrait a young man's severed head. Thus the photo only shows parts of the head from the side and in absence of greater portions of the face, heavily covered in a substance that, by some, has been assumed to be blood. [14]

These photos were quickly leaked from Muhaxheri's Facebook page to the Kosovo media outlets, and the publications of these photos on the internet evoked a media frenzy in Kosovo. On 2 August 2014 an individual gave an exclusive interview about the footage to the local Tirana, Albania newspaper Gazeta Dita[15] under the name Lavdrim Muhaxheri wherein he described the young man as a 19-year-old Shia boy, belonging to the Iraqi army loyal to Nouri al-Maliki, who had been caught spying and trespassing on the territory (presumably referring to the territory held by Muhaxheri's group). "Muhaxheri" justified his act of beheading by the following two arguments; that spying is to be punished by death according to the Qur'an, and that his act was not anything out of the ordinary compared to what the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) had done during the Kosovo War in the 90's. Muhaxheri's claim about the KLA's history was disputed by Kosovo's Minister of Justice, Xhavit Jashari.[16]

Shortly after the footage was published by Kosovo media outlets, a Kosovo prosecutor was granted an international warrant at the Court of Ferizaj for Muhaxheri's arrest,[17] entailing an international warrant for Muhaxheri at Interpol,[5] which became public on 6 September 2014.

Public reactions and critique in media and social networks

In reaction to the news that Muhaxheri had joined Islamic State (IS), Kosovo's Minister of Internal Affairs, Bajram Rexhepi, called Muhaxheri and those like him "the country's shame".[18] The publication of the footage in numerous media outlets, stirred havoc amongst citizens in Kosovo who condemned Muhaxheri's acts. Muhaxheri was repeatedly referred to as a "monster" in the Kosovo media outlets.[17][19] On social networks, outrage groups formed, such as Facebook's "Albanians against Lavdrim Muhaxheri" (Shqiptarët kundër Lavdrim Muhaxheri).[20] The Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK)'s Alma Lama referred to "rivers of blood" and issued an open apology to the unknown family of the young man in the footage that had allegedly been killed.[19]

Muhaxheri's impact on the state of Kosovo

In August 2014 Kosovo mobilized to fight religious radicalism, also referred to as "wahhabism" and "radical Islamism", and terrorism by arresting around forty citizens who were suspected of engaging in the conflicts in Syria and Iraq.[21]

Muhaxheri's actions prompted a new EULEX law prohibiting the teaching of wahhabism in Kosovo. This led to the arrest of several imams within Islamic Community of Kosova (ICK).[21]

The U.S blacklisting of Muhaxheri

On 24 September 2014, the U.S. Department of State (DoS) designated Muhaxheri as a global terrorist.[22] The listing was prompted by his affiliation with Islamic State (IS) as well as the footage of the alleged beheading he posted to Facebook July 2014.[22] In praxis the listing means that it's an offense to provide financial support or expert advice to a person on the list.[23]

On 2 October 2014, a statement on Muhaxheri by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry dated 17 September 2014 was published in the Federal Register wherein Muhaxheri was described as a threat to U.S. national security and, thereby, "blacklisted" from the United States.[1]

This decision was based on the following orders:[1][24][25][26]

  • Executive Order 13224 of 23 September 2001, "Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism";[26]
  • Executive Order 13268 of 2 July 2002, "Termination of Emergency With Respect to the Taliban and Amendment of Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001":[24] "[W]ith respect to the Taliban, in allowing territory under its control in Afghanistan to be used as a safe haven and base of operations for Usama bin Ladin and the Al-Qaida organization, has been significantly altered given the success of the military campaign in Afghanistan, and hereby revoke that order and terminate the national emergency declared in that order with respect to the Taliban. At the same time, and in order to take additional steps with respect to the grave acts of terrorism and threats of terrorism committed by foreign terrorists, the continuing and immediate threat of further attacks on United States nationals or the United States, and the national emergency described and declared in Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001";[24]
  • Executive Order 13284 of January 23, 2003, "Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security".[25]

Media coverage of Muhaxheri in 2014 and beyond

The vast majority of publications on Muhaxheri comes from Kosovo and Serbian media, but his case has also been highlighted by Arab, Australian,[27] German,[28] Greek,[29] Italian,[21] Kurdish, Spanish,[30] Turkish,[31] and UK media.

In August 2014, Kurdish media channel KNNC reported that Muhaxheri had been killed in clashes with Kurdish Peshmerga in Iraq and published photos allegedly showing his dead body.[32][33][34] These claims were later denounced by Kosova Press based on an image posted by one of Muhaxheri's friends on Facebook, claimed to indicate that Muhaxheri was alive, thus it couldn't be verified when or of whom the image was.[11][35][36]

In September 2014, the United States labeled Muhaxheri as a "ringleader" for Islamic State (IS).[27] "The designation of 10 individuals as terrorists — including two fighters involved in groups elsewhere in the world — under a special executive order, mirrors the deck of cards wanted list for Saddam Hussein's henchmen issued by the US during the War in Iraq."[27] Also in September 2014, the U.S. State Department and Treasury Department imposed financial sanctions, freezing assets and blocking financial transactions for "Islamist fighters" including Muhaxheri.[37]

In another video that has become public and that is often associated with Lavdrim Muhaxheri, an individual allegedly fires a rocket-propelled grenade at a captive in Syria. The video was first published by Daily Mail on 21 May 2015 [38] who obtained it by sharing from the Syrian activist group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently, who in turn stated that they had obtained the video from a third party in ar-Raqqah.[39] Many Kosovo media outlets presumed that the person in the video is Lavdrim Muhaxheri and this, in turn, sparked new speculation about whether Muhaxheri might be alive, especially in Balkan media.[40] International mass media outlets have not named the man in the video as Lavdrim Muhaxheri, and have stated that the video is uncensored.[41]

Initially some media outlets used the term "bazooka" instead of rocket-propelled grenade or RPG in their headlines, and described the use of the "bazooka" as IS's new method for executing captives.[42]

In the video, IS militants state that the captive is guilty of murdering members of the Islamic State with a rocket-propelled grenade, and that he is therefore sentenced to the same method of execution as his alleged victims, referring to an "eye for an eye" law in the Qur'an.[42][43] The authenticity of the video has been questioned based on how it was edited, particularly that the sequence wherein the alleged victim is moved from the pole to the ground was cut out.[44][failed verification] However, the mainstream press noted only questions as to whether the video was in fact released by IS,[45] whether Lavdrim Muhaxheri was in the video, and when the video was filmed.[39]

On 19 October 2015 Kosova Press reported that one of the militants in the RPG - video,[43] purportedly a friend of Muhaxheri, had died a week earlier in an attack on a training camp in Syria.[46] In the same article it's claimed that media was in disagreement with the militant regarding Lavdrim Muhaxheri's death.[34][46] During 2014 Lavdrim Muhaxheri was claimed to still be alive on several occasions based on information claimed by Kosova Press to be taken from IS militants' Facebook accounts.[33][36]

On 29 September 2015 Kosova Press[47] published images from a Liveleak -post from 31 August 2015[48] containing an older video with Lavdrim Muhaxheri alongside KLA - member Naman Demolli, taken prior to Demolli's death which was confirmed to be no later than in August 2012.[49][50]

Between 27 November 2015 - 2 December 2015 Balkan media reported claims of Lavdrim Muhaxheri hiding in various towns around Skopje in Macedonia.[51] Some media reports claimed that Lavdrim Muhaxheri was hiding behind the name "Boban Decipi",[52] stated in the articles to be based on information from unnamed sources in intelligence services. These claims were denounced by Macedonian police department who, in a public interview, stated that they had no information indicative of Lavdrim Muhaxheri being in Macedonia.[53]

On 2 December 2015 Balkan media reported that Lavdrim Muhaxheri was physically paralyzed and in "a grave condition" in Syria and that the previous reports about Lavdrim Muhaxheri being in the Balkans were incorrect. This information is stated to be from unnamed sources within foreign intelligence. [54]

On 4 December 2015 Balkan media described the above alleged "beheading footage" consisting of two(2) photos (see section "The alleged beheading of a 19 - year-old Iraqi soldier") as; "Muhaxheri (26) from the southern Kosovan town of Kacanik, gained notoriety posting photographs in which he is beheading young boys and walks around carrying their heads."[55]

On 22 December 2015 Italien media reported that Lavdrim Muhaxheri had been arrested in his hometown Kačanik by Russian secret service - agents in an anti - terror operation. The report was denounced by Kosova authorities.[56]

On 27 December 2015 a post on an unnamed social media channel titled "Iran's Rouhani urges Muslim countries to unite" emerged with an undated video from Euronews' archive attached. [57] One of the men in the video was, by some media outlets, assumed to be Lavdrim Muhaxheri and this sparked further medial speculation about whether Lavdrim Muhaxheri might be alive or not.[58] The video had been added as a segment at the end of a broadcast speech by Iran's president Hassan Rouhani on Islamic State at the 29th International Islamic Unity Conference on 27 December 2015, which was published by, amongst others, Euronews. [59]

On 29 December 2015 Balkan media claimed that Lavdrim Muhaxheri was in Ar-Rutbah in Iraq based on images and information from a post in a twitter - account. The unverified images, which are taken from a newsclip aired by arab media on an unknown date, were posted on the twitter - account on 16 July 2015. In the same article it's claimed that Lavdrim Muhaxheri has been staying in Ar-Rutbah since September 2015, based on information from unnamed sources. [60] Some media outlets claimed that the images disprove reports from 2 December 2015 about Lavdrim Muhaxheri being physically paralyzed in Syria, thus the Ar-Rutbah - images were posted on the twitter - account on 16 July 2015, a date prior to reports about Muhaxheri being paralyzed and in Syria.[61] The same images and claims about Lavdrim Muhaxheri being in Ar-Rutbah in Iraq were reported on 29 January 2015. [62]

On 13 January 2016 Balkan media reported claims about that Lavdrim Muhaxheri had arrived in Albania and that he had changed facial appearance, according to information from an unnamed source within national intelligence. [63] The information was disputed by Albanian international affairs analyst Ilir Kulla who claimed that it was disinformation from Macedonian intelligence and questioned the verification of the information. He further claimed that it was an unfounded attempt "to color the Macedonian Albanians with the colors of ISIS".[64]

On 15 January 2016 Balkan media reported that Lavdrim Muhaxheri had returned wounded to Kosovo from Syria in 2013 and published parts of court records of text message conversations between the period 12 August 2015 to 5 Oktober 2013 that were claimed to have been sent and received by Lavdrim Muhaxheri and other individuals who have traveled to Syria. [65]


As of May 2015, footage alleged to be of Lavdrim Muhaxheri, except for a video published by Memri TV [2] and a video of Lavdrim Muhaxheri alongside late Kosovo Liberation Army(KLA) member Naman Demolli,[3][49][50] remains unverified as to when it was taken, where it was taken and whether it indeed depicts Lavdrim Muhaxheri, or if another militant with a similar appearance is merely emulating Lavdrim Muhaxheri.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Kerry, John F. (2 October 2014). "In the Matter of the Designation of Lavdrim Muhaxheri, also known as Ebu Abdullah el Albani, also known as Abu Abdullah al Kosova, also known as Abu Abdallah al-Kosovi, also known as Abu Abdallah al-Kosovo as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Pursuant to Section 1(b) of Executive Order 13224, as Amended". FederalRegister.gov. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d "EKSKLUZIVE! - Lavdim Muhaxheri flet rreth gjendjes ne Siri". YouTube.com. Islam Peace. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Nje fjalim i skurter nga Shehidi Naman Demolli para se te binte Shehid". YouTube.com. Te Shiqojm Se Bashku. 31 July 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  4. ^ "Designations of Foreign Terrorist Fighters". U.S Department of State. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Muhaxheri, Lavdrim: Wanted by the judicial authorities of Under Unmik Mandate (Kosovo) for prosecution". Interpol.int. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  6. ^ a b Plesch, Valerie (23 September 2014). "Kosovo tries to stem flow of ISIL recruits". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "K. Albanian who committed gruesome crimes 'is dead'". B92 (Serbian television station). 19 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b Freeman, Colin (23 August 2015). "Inside Kacanik, Kosovo's jihadist capital". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  9. ^ "Presentation of Camp Bondsteel". army-technology.com.
  10. ^ a b c d "Ekskluzive: Biografia e Lavdrim Muhaxherit". KosovaPress.com. 28 January 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google translate)
  11. ^ a b c Paraszczuk, Joanna (26 May 2015). "'Dead' Kosovar Albanian IS Militant Resurfaces In Gruesome Killing Video". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  12. ^ "Balkan fighters abroad: Holy warriors". The Economist. 21 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  13. ^ a b Plesch, Valerie (23 September 2014). "Kosovo tries to stem flow of ISIL recruits".
  14. ^ a b "Shocking IMAGES / Lavdrim Muhaxheri expects human heads in Syria [FOTOT TRONDITESE/ Lavdrim Muhaxheri pret koka njerëzish në Siri]". GazetaTema.net. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. (translated into English with Google translate)
  15. ^ "Article with interview in Gazeta Dita on 2 August 2014". 2 August 2014.
  16. ^ "Veteranët i reagojnë Lavdrim Muhaxherit: UÇK s'ka prerë koka". TetovaSot.com. 2 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  17. ^ a b "Interpol shpall në kërkim monstrën Muhaxheri". GazetaTema.net. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  18. ^ "Rexhepi: Lavdrim Muhaxheri and his likes are country's shame". Kosova Press. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  19. ^ a b "Alma Lama: Të distancohemi si komb ndaj monstrave si Lavdrim Muhaxheri". BotaSot.info. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  20. ^ "Shqiptarët kundër Lavdrim Muhaxheri". Facebook.com. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) 712 likes as of 14 September 2015. (translated into English with Google Translate)
  21. ^ a b c Kelmendi, Violeta Hyseni (25 August 2014). "Kosovo mobilizes to fight religious radicalism and terrorism". Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  22. ^ a b "Designations of Foreign Terrorist Fighters". State.gov. United States Department of State. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  23. ^ Masi, Alessandra (24 September 2014). "New Terrorist Groups In Syria: What Does It Mean If The US State Department Puts You On The Terrorist List". International Business Times. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  24. ^ a b c Bush, George W. (2 July 2002). "Termination of Emergency With Respect to the Taliban and Amendment of Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001". FederalRegister.gov. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  25. ^ a b Bush, George W. (23 January 2003). "Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Connection With the Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security". FederalRegister.gov. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  26. ^ a b Bush, George W. (23 September 2001). "Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism". FederalRegister.gov. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  27. ^ a b c Benson, Simon (30 September 2014). "Islamic State terrorist army ringleaders: The US names the dogs of war". The Daily Telegraph (Australia). Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  28. ^ Scheffer, Ulrike (17 June 2015). "Islamic State recruits recruits in Fighter replenishment from the Balkans". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Retrieved 23 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  29. ^ "ΣΟΚ: Αλβανός τζιχαντιστής ανατινάζει έφηβο με μπαζούκα (βίντεο)". Pentapostagma.gr. Retrieved 23 September 2015. Ο Λαβντρίμ Μουχατζερί (Lavdrim Muhaxheri) είναι ένας διαβόητος Αλβανός τζιχαντιστής στο Ισλαμικό Κράτος με τον οποίο έχουμε ασχοληθεί αρκετές φορές στο παρελθόν.
  30. ^ Bytyci, Fatos (1 October 2014). "Indebted to America, Kosovo struggles to curb Islamist recruits". El Economista (Spain). Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  31. ^ "Kosovo charges seven with 'Islamist Terrorism'". Journal of Turkish Weekly. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  32. ^ "Kosovalbaner: Është vrarë Lavdrim Muhaxheri?". Telegrafi.com. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  33. ^ a b "Lavdrim Muhaxheri nuk ka vdekur, thotë bashkëluftëtari i tij Fitim Lladrovci". Telegrafi.com. 19 August 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  34. ^ a b "Article about Basri Sylejmani commenting on media reports of Muhaxheri's death". standardi.eu. 19 August 2014.
  35. ^ "Lavdrim Muhaxheri nuk ka vdekur, thotë bashkëluftëtari i tij Fitim Lladrovci". IndeksOnline.net. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help) (translated into English with Google Translate)
  36. ^ a b "Article about further speculation of Muhaxheri's death". GazetaTema.net. 9 December 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  37. ^ "U.S. imposes financial sanctions on Islamist fighters". News724.com. Reuters. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  38. ^ "'Daily Mail's article about IS' RPG - video". 21 May 2015.
  39. ^ a b Mohammed, Abu (26 May 2015). "'Dead' Kosovar Albanian IS Militant Resurfaces In Gruesome Killing Video". Raqqa News. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  40. ^ "Rishfaqet egërsira Lavdrim Muhaxheri - ekzekuton një fëmijë me antitank (VIDEO)". Gazeta Express. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |trans_title= (help)
  41. ^ Saul, Heather (21 May 2015). "Isis purportedly executes man with bazooka in disturbing propaganda video". The Independent. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  42. ^ a b Tomlinson, Simon (21 May 2015). "ISIS execute a man with a BAZOOKA in shocking new video: Terror group blast prisoner after tying him to a post". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  43. ^ a b Malik, Rita (22 May 2015). "English translation of IS' RPG-video". Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  44. ^ "GRAPHIC: ISIS Executes Man With Bazooka In Disturbing New Video". MrConservative.com. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  45. ^ Saul, Heather (21 May 2015). "Isis purportedly executes man with bazooka in disturbing propaganda video". The Independent. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  46. ^ a b Gashi, Bleta (19 October 2015). "Article about the death of Basri Sylejmani in october 2015". GazetaExpress.com.
  47. ^ "Article about video of Lavdrim Muhaxheri allegedly speaking outside a university in Pristina, Kosovo". GazetaExpress.com. 29 September 2015.
  48. ^ "Video with Lavdrim Muhaxheri alongside Naman Demolli on Liveleak". 31 August 2015.
  49. ^ a b Xhymshiti, Vedat (9 December 2012). "Article about Naman Demolli's death".
  50. ^ a b "Article about Naman Demolli's death published by Telegraphi in 2012". Telegraphi.com. 13 November 2012.
  51. ^ ""Macedonia: Police searches Skopje's surrounding area for executioner from Syria"". www.independent.mk. 2 December 2015.
  52. ^ "Exclusive: Lavdrim Muhaxheri changes name to Boban Decipi". www.tesheshi.com. 27 November 2015.
  53. ^ ""Police dismiss reports that Jihadi Lavdrim Muhaxheri is in the region"". www.kosovapress.com. 1 December 2015.
  54. ^ "Lavdrim Muhaxheri allegedly paralyzed in Syria". www.telegrafi.com. 2 December 2015.
  55. ^ "Albanian Media: Notorious Islamist Muhaxheri Is Still in Syria". www.independent.mk. 5 December 2015.
  56. ^ "Article about Lavdrim Muhaxheri being arrested in his hometown Kačanik". www.panorama.com. 22 December 2015.
  57. ^ "Article about Euronews video". www.panorama.com. 27 December 2015.
  58. ^ "Is Lavdrim Muhaxheri alive?". www.infokusi.com. 27 December 2015.
  59. ^ "Iran's Rouhani urges Muslim countries to unite". www.euronews.com. 27 December 2015.
  60. ^ "Terrorist Lavdrim Muhaxheri appears in Iraq". gazetanewborn.net. 29 December 2015.
  61. ^ "Muhaxheri Lavdrim is not paralyzed, appears alive and well in Iraq". www.lapsi.al. 29 December 2015.
  62. ^ "PHOTO new Lavdrim Muhaxheri, he now is in Iraq". www.lajmi.net. 29 January 2015.
  63. ^ "Lavdrim Muhaxheri was in Kosovo and changed facial appearance?". www.telegrafi.com. 13 January 2016.
  64. ^ "Ilir Kulla, Lavdrim Muhaxheri in Albania? Macedonian intelligence disinformation". www.gazetaimpakt.com. 12 January 2016.
  65. ^ "As he returned wounded Lavdrim Muhaxheri in Kosovo in 2013". www.syri.net. 15 January 2016.
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