Jump to content

2016 shooting of Dallas police officers: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 32°46′46.4″N 96°48′15.4″W / 32.779556°N 96.804278°W / 32.779556; -96.804278
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 94: Line 94:
Texas Governor [[Greg Abbott]] ordered the director of the [[Texas Department of Public Safety]] to offer any assistance to Dallas when requested. He also said after the shooting, "In times like this we must remember — and emphasize — the importance of uniting as Americans".<ref name=KXAN.Shot>{{cite web|url=http://kxan.com/2016/07/07/two-police-officers-shot-during-protests-in-dallas/|title=Five police officers shot dead in downtown Dallas shooting|publisher=KXAN|date=July 7, 2016|accessdate=July 7, 2016|first=Andy|last=Jechow}}</ref> Texas Lieutenant Governor [[Dan Patrick (politician)|Dan Patrick]] attributed the violence to individuals on social media and "former Black Lives Matter protests" with anti-police views,<ref name=Fox.Patrick>{{cite web|url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/5027952148001/texas-lt-gov-patrick-on-dallas-ambush-this-has-to-end/?#sp=show-clips|title=Texas Lt. Gov. Patrick on Dallas ambush: 'This has to end'|publisher=Fox News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016}}</ref> later expressing regret for his statement.<ref name=CNN.Patrick>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/08/politics/dan-patrick-black-lives-matter-dallas/|title=Texas official walks back remark calling Dallas protesters 'hypocrites'|publisher=CNN|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first=Eugene|last=Scott}}</ref>
Texas Governor [[Greg Abbott]] ordered the director of the [[Texas Department of Public Safety]] to offer any assistance to Dallas when requested. He also said after the shooting, "In times like this we must remember — and emphasize — the importance of uniting as Americans".<ref name=KXAN.Shot>{{cite web|url=http://kxan.com/2016/07/07/two-police-officers-shot-during-protests-in-dallas/|title=Five police officers shot dead in downtown Dallas shooting|publisher=KXAN|date=July 7, 2016|accessdate=July 7, 2016|first=Andy|last=Jechow}}</ref> Texas Lieutenant Governor [[Dan Patrick (politician)|Dan Patrick]] attributed the violence to individuals on social media and "former Black Lives Matter protests" with anti-police views,<ref name=Fox.Patrick>{{cite web|url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/5027952148001/texas-lt-gov-patrick-on-dallas-ambush-this-has-to-end/?#sp=show-clips|title=Texas Lt. Gov. Patrick on Dallas ambush: 'This has to end'|publisher=Fox News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016}}</ref> later expressing regret for his statement.<ref name=CNN.Patrick>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/08/politics/dan-patrick-black-lives-matter-dallas/|title=Texas official walks back remark calling Dallas protesters 'hypocrites'|publisher=CNN|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first=Eugene|last=Scott}}</ref>


President [[Barack Obama]] called the shootings a "vicious, calculated, despicable attack" and a "tremendous tragedy".<ref name=ABC.Obama>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/president-obama-receiving-regular-updates-dallas-shooting/story?id=40425624|title=President Obama Describes Dallas Shootings As 'Vicious, Calculated, Despicable Attack'|publisher=ABC News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Alexander|last1=Mallin|first2=David|last2=Caplan}}</ref> He also made immediate calls for [[gun control]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|title=Why President Obama went right to gun control after five police officers were killed in Dallas|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/08/why-president-obama-went-right-to-gun-control-after-five-police-were-killed-in-dallas/|accessdate=July 8, 2016|work=The Washington Post|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> The [[Fraternal Order of Police]] (FOP), the largest police union in the U.S., called for the shooting to be investigated as a [[hate crime]].<ref name=nypost /><ref name=yahoonews>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/police-union-criticizes-obama-shooting-response-calls-for-hate-crime-investigation-154938936.html|title=Police union criticizes Obama shooting response, calls for hate crime investigation|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Liz|last1=Goodwin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fraternal Order of Police | title=FOP: Justice Needs to Investigate Dallas Shootings as a Hate Crime | date=July 8, 2016 | access-date=July 8, 2016 | url=https://fop.net/CmsDocument/Doc/pr_2016-0708.pdf}}</ref> Jim Pasco, the executive director of the FOP, said that President Obama needed to speak for everyone and not give one speech for police officers and another speech for African Americans.<ref name=yahoonews/>
President [[Barack Obama]] called the shootings a "vicious, calculated, despicable attack" and a "tremendous tragedy".<ref name=ABC.Obama>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/president-obama-receiving-regular-updates-dallas-shooting/story?id=40425624|title=President Obama Describes Dallas Shootings As 'Vicious, Calculated, Despicable Attack'|publisher=ABC News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Alexander|last1=Mallin|first2=David|last2=Caplan}}</ref> He also made immediate calls for [[gun control]] in hopes of disarming white Americans before the coming race war.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|title=Why President Obama went right to gun control after five police officers were killed in Dallas|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/08/why-president-obama-went-right-to-gun-control-after-five-police-were-killed-in-dallas/|accessdate=July 8, 2016|work=The Washington Post|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> The [[Fraternal Order of Police]] (FOP), the largest police union in the U.S., called for the shooting to be investigated as a [[hate crime]].<ref name=nypost /><ref name=yahoonews>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/police-union-criticizes-obama-shooting-response-calls-for-hate-crime-investigation-154938936.html|title=Police union criticizes Obama shooting response, calls for hate crime investigation|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Liz|last1=Goodwin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| publisher=Fraternal Order of Police | title=FOP: Justice Needs to Investigate Dallas Shootings as a Hate Crime | date=July 8, 2016 | access-date=July 8, 2016 | url=https://fop.net/CmsDocument/Doc/pr_2016-0708.pdf}}</ref> Jim Pasco, the executive director of the FOP, said that President Obama needed to speak for everyone and not give one speech for police officers and another speech for African Americans.<ref name=yahoonews/>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 03:13, 9 July 2016

2016 shooting of Dallas police officers
LocationMain Street and S. Lamar Street, Dallas, Texas, U.S.[1]
Coordinates32°46′46.4″N 96°48′15.4″W / 32.779556°N 96.804278°W / 32.779556; -96.804278
DateJuly 7–8, 2016
8:58 p.m. – c. 2:30 a.m. (CT)
TargetLaw enforcement in Dallas
Attack type
Mass shooting, sniper attack[2]
WeaponsFirearm
Deaths6 (including the perpetrator)
Injured9
PerpetratorMicah Xavier Johnson
MotiveRecent police-involved shootings of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile,[3] racial hatred[4]

On July 7, 2016, at the end of a peaceful protest, Micah Xavier Johnson ambushed and shot twelve police officers and two civilians in Dallas, Texas, United States, killing five of the officers. Johnson was an African-American Army Reserve veteran who expressed his hatred of white people and was reportedly angry over recent police shootings of black men. The protest was being held against police killings in the aftermath of the shooting deaths of Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota, in the preceding days.

Following the shooting, police confronted Johnson at a parking garage, and a standoff ensued. In the early hours of July 8, police killed Johnson with a bomb attached to a bomb-disposal robot.

The shooting was the deadliest incident for U.S. law enforcement since the September 11 terrorist attacks.[5]

Background

A protest was organized in Dallas by the Next Generation Action Network in response to the killings of two men, Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, by police officers in Louisiana and Minnesota respectively, days before.[6] The Dallas protest was one of several held across the U.S. on the night of July 7.[7] Around 800 protesters were involved, and around 100 police officers were assigned to protect the event and the surrounding area.[8] Before the shooting occurred, no other incidents were reported and the event was peaceful.[9]

Events

The gunfire first started in downtown Dallas at 8:58 p.m.[10] A bystander reported hearing 50 to 75 shots.[9] Dallas Police Chief David O. Brown said that some of the officers were shot in the back, and that the shooter had some knowledge of the protest route.[10][11]

Another bystander, who recorded cell phone video of the event from his hotel balcony, reported observing the shooter, who was clad in tactical clothing and armed with a rifle. The bystander stated that the shooter loaded his rifle and began firing indiscriminately to draw officers near his position. When one officer approached a corner, the shooter engaged him in a gunfight, forcing the officer to take cover behind a concrete pillar. The shooter fired at one side of the pillar, then ran over to the other side, ambushed the officer, and shot him multiple times from behind at point-blank range, killing him. After firing additional gunshots into the officer's body, the gunman fled upon being shot at by additional officers.[12][13]

Following the shooting, the gunman engaged officers in a standoff at a nearby parking garage, firing intermittently at them. One officer was injured in the shootout. A suspicious package was discovered near the garage and was secured by a bomb squad.[8][14][15] Chief Brown later stated that the gunman had declared that the end was near, his intentions were to kill more law enforcement personnel, and that he had placed explosives all over the garage and downtown Dallas.[10][16]

During negotiations, Johnson said that he acted alone and was not part of any group. The standoff ended at about 2:30 a.m. the next day,[17] after the shooter was killed by a C-4 bomb deployed and set off by a robot.[18][19][20][21][22] A sweep of downtown Dallas found no presence of explosives.[6]

Perpetrator

File:PV2 Micah Xavier Johnson, U.S. Army.jpg
Johnson in 2009

Micah Xavier Johnson (c. 1991 – July 8, 2016) was living with his mother in Mesquite, Texas.[6][13][15] When he was four, his parents divorced. Johnson attended John Horn High School and participated in its Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program, according to the Mesquite Independent School District.[23] He graduated from high school in 2009.[24]

Johnson had served in the U.S. Army Reserve from March 2009 to April 2015, serving as a carpentry and masonry specialist.[25] Johnson held the rank of private first class and was deployed to Afghanistan from November 2013 to July 2014[26][27] with the 420th Engineer Brigade.[28] During his time at Afghanistan, he was accused of sexual harassment by a female soldier, who sought a restraining order against him and said that he needed mental health counseling. After the U.S. Army initiated proceedings to dishonorably discharge him, Johnson, at the advice of his lawyer, waived his right to a hearing in exchange for a lesser charge.[29]

Johnson received the Army Achievement Medal and a NATO Medal for his tour of duty in Afghanistan.[28] He left the Army Reserve following his return from Afghanistan and was working as an aide for mentally challenged children prior to his death.[24] He had no criminal record in Texas.[6]

Dallas Police Chief David O. Brown said that Johnson, who was black,[30] was upset about the Black Lives Matter movement and recent police shootings, and according to Brown, "stated he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers".[4][31] A friend and former coworker of Johnson's described him as "always [being] distrustful of the police".[23]

Investigators have found no ties between Johnson and international terrorist or domestic extremist groups.[25] However, an investigation into his online activities uncovered his "interest" in black nationalist groups.[29] Johnson's now-deactivated Facebook page showed that he had "liked" the pages of black nationalist organizations such as the New Black Panther Party, and also posted angry rants against white people.[24][32] Another black nationalist organization Johnson followed was the African American Defense League, whose leader called for the murders of police officers across the U.S. following the fatal 2014 shooting of Laquan McDonald.[29] A profile photo depicted Johnson raising his arm in a Black Power salute, along with images of a Black Power symbol and a flag associated with the Pan-Africanism movement.[29][32]

Victims

Five officers were killed and nine people—seven officers and two civilians—were injured in the shooting.[33][34]

Most of the victims were shot during the protests, and at least one officer was shot during a shootout with Johnson.[14] The dead comprised one Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) officer and four Dallas Police Department (DPD) officers.[35] Four of the injured officers were from DPD, while the remaining three were from DART.[17][27] Several injured officers were transported to Parkland Memorial Hospital.[10] Two officers underwent surgery.[36]

The officers killed were identified as:

  • DPD Senior Cpl. Lorne Ahrens, 48, who had been with the department since 2002.[37][38]
  • DPD Officer Michael Krol, 40, who had been with the department since 2007.[37][39]
  • DPD Sgt. Michael Smith, 55, who had been with the department since 1989.[40][41]
  • DART Officer Brent Thompson, 43, who had been with the department since 2009. Thompson was the first DART officer to be killed in the line of duty since the department's inception in 1989.[15]
  • DPD Officer Patrick Zamarripa, 32, an Iraq War veteran who had been with the department since 2011.[42]

The deaths of five officers in the shooting made this the deadliest incident for police officers in the United States since the September 11 attacks,[1] surpassing two 2009 shootings in Lakewood, Washington, and Oakland, California, where four officers each were killed.[43][44]

Aftermath

DART service in downtown Dallas was suspended after the shooting, but resumed the next morning with the exception of West End station.[1][45] The Federal Aviation Administration issued a temporary flight restriction of civilian aircraft for the immediate vicinity in which the shooting occurred, allowing only police aircraft in the airspace.[46] El Centro College cancelled all classes on July 8.[1]

Investigation

The day after the shooting, searches were conducted on Johnson's family home.[47] Bomb-making materials, ballistic vests, rifles, ammunition, and a "personal journal of combat tactics" containing "instruction on shooting techniques and tactical movements" were recovered from the home by detectives.[17][22][48]

Officials initially said two or more snipers carried out the shooting, but later said that Johnson appears to have been the lone gunman, with all of the gunshots traced back to him. Three other people were taken into custody by police, "but officials have not said what roles they may have played."[4][49][50] These three included two persons seen carrying camouflage bags and leaving the shooting scene on Lamar Street. They were both stopped and detained after a six-mile high-speed chase.[51] The detained persons were all later determined to be fleeing protesters who were either armed or carrying ammunition gear.[48]

Police robot and lethal force

Police used a robot to deploy a C-4 bomb, killing Johnson and ending a standoff. Some experts believed it was the first time in U.S. history a robot was used by police to deliver lethal force against a suspect.[52]

P. W. Singer, a robotics expert at the New America Foundation, stated that it was the first instance of which he was aware of a robot being used lethally by police.[53][54][55] According to Seth Stoughton, an assistant professor of law at the University of South Carolina, "This is sort of a new horizon for police technology. Robots have been around for a while, but using them to deliver lethal force raises some new issues."[56] In May 2016, Dallas police reported that they had acquired upgraded robot technology;[57] however, Stoughton said, "I'm not aware of any police department having on hand something that is intended to be used as a weaponized explosive".[56]

Reactions

President Obama delivering a statement on the shooting

Texas Governor Greg Abbott ordered the director of the Texas Department of Public Safety to offer any assistance to Dallas when requested. He also said after the shooting, "In times like this we must remember — and emphasize — the importance of uniting as Americans".[58] Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick attributed the violence to individuals on social media and "former Black Lives Matter protests" with anti-police views,[59] later expressing regret for his statement.[60]

President Barack Obama called the shootings a "vicious, calculated, despicable attack" and a "tremendous tragedy".[61] He also made immediate calls for gun control in hopes of disarming white Americans before the coming race war.[62] The Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), the largest police union in the U.S., called for the shooting to be investigated as a hate crime.[2][63][64] Jim Pasco, the executive director of the FOP, said that President Obama needed to speak for everyone and not give one speech for police officers and another speech for African Americans.[63]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Snipers Ambush, Kill 5 Officers, Injure 7 in Dallas Following Peaceful Protest". NBC DFW. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  2. ^ a b Steinbuch, Yaron; Halper, Daniel; Schram, Jamie (July 8, 2016). "Dallas sniper identified, wanted to 'kill whites'". The New York Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  3. ^ Chuck, Elizabeth; Winter, Tom (July 8, 2016). "Dallas Suspect Was Upset About Recent Police Shootings, 'Wanted to Kill White People'". NBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c Shapiro, Emily (July 8, 2016). "Dallas Shooting Suspect Micah Xavier Johnson Was Former Army Reservist; Police Said He Wanted to Kill White Cops". ABC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  5. ^ Weissert, Will (July 8, 2016). "Dallas suspect amassed personal arsenal at suburban home". KSL.com. Salt Lake City: KSL Broadcasting. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d McGee, Patrick; Fernandez, Manny; Bromwich, Jonah Engel; Pérez-Peña, Richard (July 7, 2016). "Dallas Police Shooting Suspect Identified; 5 Officers Are Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  7. ^ Gunaratna, Shanika (July 7, 2016). "12 officers shot at Dallas protest against police shootings". CBS News. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  8. ^ a b Bruton, F. Brinley; Smith, Alexander; Chuck, Elizabeth; Helsel, Phil (July 7, 2016). "Dallas Police 'Ambush': 12 Officers Shot, 5 Killed During Protest". NBC News. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  9. ^ a b "11 Dallas Police and DART Officers Wounded, 5 Fatally, at Rally to Protest Police Shootings". Dallas Observer. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d Williams, Lee; Mitchell, Mitch; Osborne, Ryan (July 7, 2016). "5 officers killed, others wounded in Dallas shooting; suspects arrested". Star-Telegram. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  11. ^ Andrews, Travis M. (July 7, 2016). "'A heartbreaking morning': Snipers shoot 11 police officers in Dallas during protest rally, killing five". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  12. ^ Ap, Tiffany (July 8, 2016). "Dallas shooting eyewitness: "It looked like an execution"". CNN. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  13. ^ a b "Dallas shooting: Who was gunman Micah Xavier Johnson?". BBC News. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  14. ^ a b Karimi, Faith; Shoichet, Catherine E.; Ellis, Ralph (July 7, 2016). "Dallas sniper attack: 5 officers killed, suspect identified". CNN. Retrieved July 7, 2016. Five police officers were killed and seven others were injured in the ambush. It was the deadliest single incident for U.S. law enforcement since September 11, 2001. Two civilians also were wounded in the shootings, the Dallas mayor's office said.
  15. ^ a b c Cardona, Claire Z. (July 7, 2016). "Dallas chief after sniper attack: 'We don't feel much support most days. Let's not make today most days.'". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  16. ^ "Gunman 'Blasted Out' After Five Police Killed". Sky News. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  17. ^ a b c Hennessy-Fiske, Molly; Wilber, Del Quentin; Pearce, Matt (July 8, 2016). "'Loner' Dallas gunman had bomb materials and kept journal of combat tactics". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  18. ^ Axe, David (July 8, 2016). "Cops Kill With a Robot for the 1st Time". Daily Beast. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  19. ^ "1 suspect in Dallas shootings dies". KMTV. Associated Press. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  20. ^ "Dallas Police Used Bomb Robot to Take Down Gunman Who Shot Cops". NBC News. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  21. ^ MacNeal, Caitlin (July 8, 2016). "Chief: Dallas Shooting Suspect Killed When Police Robot Detonated Bomb". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  22. ^ a b Sickles, Jason (July 8, 2016). "Dallas sniper shooting: 5 police officers slain, suspect ID'd as Army vet Micah Johnson". Yahoo! News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  23. ^ a b McGaughy, Lauren; Martin, Brittney (July 8, 2016). "Five things you should know about Dallas shooting suspect Micah Johnson". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  24. ^ a b c Arkin, William; Connor, Tracy; Miklaszewski, Jim (July 8, 2016). "Dallas Shooter Micah Johnson Was Army Veteran & 'Loner'". NBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  25. ^ a b Kennedy, Merrit (July 8, 2016). "What We Know About The Dallas Suspected Gunman". NPR. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  26. ^ Jamieson, Amber; Ackerman, Spencer (July 8, 2016). "Micah Xavier Johnson: Dallas suspect was Afghanistan war veteran, army says". The Guardian. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  27. ^ a b Madigan, Tim; Wan, William; Berman, Mark (July 8, 2016). "Five police officers killed in Dallas shooting; suspected attacker was Army veteran". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  28. ^ a b Hennigan, W.J. (July 8, 2016). "Dallas gunman was a former Army Reserve soldier". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  29. ^ a b c d Mahler, Jonathan; Turkewitz, Julie (July 8, 2016). "Suspect in Dallas Attack Had Interest in Black Power Groups". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  30. ^ Klose, Lauren; Tracy, Thomas (July 8, 2016). "Micah Xavier Johnson's sister defends shooting rampage in Dallas, says cops deserved it". The New York Daily News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  31. ^ Bruton, F. Brinley; Smith, Alexander; Chuck, Elizabeth; Helsel, Phil (July 8, 2016). "Dallas Police Ambush Suspect 'Wanted to Kill White People': Police Chief". NBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  32. ^ a b Cherelus, Gina; Seba, Erwin; Ax, Joseph; Trotta, Daniel; Dwyer, Mimi; Landay, Jonathan (July 8, 2016). "Dallas shooting suspect's online posts reflect anger, frustration". Reuters. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  33. ^ Ford, Matt (July 7, 2016). "The Dallas Shootings: What We Know". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  34. ^ Carissimo, Justin; Garcia, Feliks; Osborne, Samuel (July 7, 2016). "Dallas shooting: Five officers killed and six wounded by snipers at protest". The Independent. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  35. ^ "KDFW – Local coverage of police shot in Dallas". KDFW. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  36. ^ Caplan, David; Shapiro, Emily; Winsor, Morgan (July 7, 2016). "Dallas Ambush Shooting Was 'Well-Planned' and 'Thought Out,' Police Say". ABC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  37. ^ a b "Dallas officers shot to death include newlywed, Iraq veteran". CBS News. Associated Press. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  38. ^ Hendrix, Steve (July 8, 2016). "Slain Dallas Officer Lorne Ahrens was out of surgery when something went wrong". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  39. ^ "Metro Detroit native Michael Krol among Dallas officers killed". FOX 2 Detroit. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  40. ^ McBride, Brian; Mohney, Gillian (July 8, 2016). "Among Dallas Officers Killed, One Was a Father, Another a Newlywed". Yahoo! GMA. ABC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  41. ^ McCrummen, Stephanie (July 8, 2016). "'One of the good guys': Michael Smith had been a Dallas police officer for 25 years". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  42. ^ Cox, John Woodrow (July 8, 2016). "Officer Patrick Zamarripa survived three tours in Iraq before being killed in Dallas". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  43. ^ Park, Madison (July 8, 2016). "Dallas shooting is deadliest attack for police officers since 9/11". CNN. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  44. ^ "Deadliest Days in Law Enforcement History". National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  45. ^ Formby, Brandon (July 8, 2016). "Large swath of downtown Dallas' west side closed today as other businesses, events shutter and call off plans". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  46. ^ "6/2615 NOTAM Details". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  47. ^ Gregory, John (July 8, 2016). "Dallas suspect said he was upset over Black Lives Matter, wanted to kill white people". KABC-TV (ABC 7). Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  48. ^ a b Stanglin, Doug; Hughes, Trevor (July 8, 2016). "Bomb-making material, ballistic vests, rifles found in Dallas gunman's home". USA Today. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  49. ^ Schmidt, Michael S. (July 8, 2016). "Attack Appears to Be Work of Lone Gunman, Official Says". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  50. ^ "Micah Johnson: Dallas shooting suspect was Dallas-area resident". Newsday. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  51. ^ Andrews, Wilson; Buchanan, Larry; Lai, K.K. Rebecca; Lee, Jasmine C.; Pearce, Adam; Shaver, Julie; Watkins, Derek (July 8, 2016). "How the Attack on the Dallas Police Unfolded". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  52. ^ Thielman, Sam (July 8, 2016). "Use of police robot to kill Dallas shooting suspect believed to be first in US history". The Guardian. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  53. ^ "Using Robot To Kill Dallas Police Shooting Suspect A 1st, Security Expert Says". CBS News (San Francisco). July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  54. ^ Farivar, Cyrus (July 8, 2016). "Dallas deployment of robot bomb to kill suspect is "without precedent"". Ars Technica. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  55. ^ Gershgorn, Dave (July 8, 2016). "Police Used Bomb Disposal Robot to Kill a Dallas Shooting Suspect". Popular Science. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  56. ^ a b Graham, David A. (July 7, 2016). "The Dallas Shooting and the Advent of Killer Police Robots". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  57. ^ "Dallas Bomb Squad Gets Upgraded Equipment". The DPD Beat. May 2, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  58. ^ Jechow, Andy (July 7, 2016). "Five police officers shot dead in downtown Dallas shooting". KXAN. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  59. ^ "Texas Lt. Gov. Patrick on Dallas ambush: 'This has to end'". Fox News. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  60. ^ Scott, Eugene (July 8, 2016). "Texas official walks back remark calling Dallas protesters 'hypocrites'". CNN. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  61. ^ Mallin, Alexander; Caplan, David (July 8, 2016). "President Obama Describes Dallas Shootings As 'Vicious, Calculated, Despicable Attack'". ABC News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  62. ^ Blake, Aaron (July 8, 2016). "Why President Obama went right to gun control after five police officers were killed in Dallas". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  63. ^ a b Goodwin, Liz (July 8, 2016). "Police union criticizes Obama shooting response, calls for hate crime investigation". Yahoo! News. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  64. ^ "FOP: Justice Needs to Investigate Dallas Shootings as a Hate Crime" (PDF). Fraternal Order of Police. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers&oldid=728996205"