Women in Palestine: Difference between revisions
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==History of Palestinian Women == |
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| ⚫ | However, there had been a gradual change in the attitudes of parents regarding the education of their Palestinian daughters since the middle of the 1970s. From the middle part of the 1970s, several numbers of Palestinian women achieved education from universities, instead of only receiving education at the secondary level. Reasons for the change of parental attitude were the "increased demand for women on the labour market", changes in the status of the economy in the [[West Bank]] territory, the "economic interests" of the parents, and the idea that a well-educated Palestinian woman has a better place and opportunity on the "marriage market". In addition to this, armed with earned education, an unmarried.<ref name=Hushara>Manasra, Najah. [http://www.dhushara.com/book/zulu/islamp/ash/ash.htm Palestinian Women: Between Tradition and Revolution]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Palestinian women have a long history of involvement in resistance movements inside the Occupied Territories and in countries such as [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], and [[Lebanon]]. They established many feminist-nationalist organizations, including the Palestinian Federation of Women's Action Committees in the West Bank and Gaza.<ref>Hasso, Frances S. [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Resistance-Repression-Politics-Occupied-Palestine/dp/0815630875/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1381967033&sr=1-2&keywords=Hasso+Frances Resistance, Repression, and Gender Politics in Occupied Palestine and Jordan] (Syracuse University Press 2005).</ref> |
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The struggle of Palestinian women for their homeland begins with the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. It extends from 1948 to June 1967 with the end of the June war and the beginning of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. The participation of women was almost non-existent due to a strict social order in society at the time. However, a shift in that social order is seen in 1844 when women first participated alongside men in protesting against the first Jewish settlements near the town of 'Afulah .In 1917, they took part in huge demonstrations at the time of the Balfour Declaration, later on, they had formed a 14-member delegation that demanded that the Balfour Declaration be revoked and that Jewish immigration to Palestine come to a halt. In 1921, Palestinian women organized by setting up their own society known as the Arab Women's Society, which was based in Jerusalem. The society organized demonstrations against Zionist settlements. Due to the lack of funding and the social and political pressure which was put on women the Arab Women's Society, ceased to exists after two years. Women formed a 'rescue committee' to collect donations in order to revive it.In the 1929 rebellion, women had taken part in multiple protests and demonstrations which resulted in women being killed by the occupying British forces. They organized a Women's Conference,where they sent out a protest letter to the King of England and to the League of Nations. The establishment of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964, helped create the sect known as the Palestinian Women’s Association, this allowed women to take part in the first session of the Palestinian National Council that was held in Jerusalem. With the displacement and loss of land for the Palestinians created an economic issue. This created a demand for women in the workforce despite the social restrictions. <ref>Kazi, Hamida. "Palestinian Women and the National Liberation Movement: A Social Perspective." N.p., 13 Nov. 2013. Web.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Despite of the change in parental views, however, contemporary women in Palestine are reported to be experiencing adversity due to political discord, [[Israeli occupation]], and the "denial of full rights and protection by Palestinian society" in general.<ref name=BBC>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4394253.stm Palestinian women 'suffer doubly'], BBC News, March 31, 2005</ref> |
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== The Israeli Occupation’s Violence against Palestinian women == |
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| ⚫ | A survey by the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] from 2011 showed that 35 percent of married women in Gaza had been on the receiving end of physical violence by their husband during the previous twelve months, and that 40 percent of unmarried women had been physically abused by a member of their household.<ref name = "AJE women">{{Cite news |last = Odgaard |first = Lena |date = 25 March 2014 |title = Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings' |url = http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/upsurge-palestinian-honour-killings-gaza-201432372831899701.html |work = [[Al Jazeera English]] |accessdate = 25 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, [[UNRWA]] canceled its annual marathon in Gaza after Hamas rulers prohibited women, including Palestinian women from Gaza, to participate in the race.<ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-ban-on-women/ UN Cancels Gaza Marathon]</ref> |
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Under Israeli Occupation in the West Bank, Palestinian women face violence against them under the multiple policies implemented by the Israel government. Struggles women tend to endure include checkpoints, which affect access to health centers, workplaces, and schools, checkpoint births have become an issue and home demolitions. A press release that was issued by Maan News agency in 2007, reported that many women suffered psychological and sexual violence at the Israeli military checkpoint in Beit Shafafa. These cases reported forced strip searches under the pretext of security measures. <ref>Maan News Agency, “Israeli occupation soldiers at Bethlehem Crossing force Palestinian women to strip naked”. http://www.maan-news.net/arb/Print.aspx?ID=68553.</ref> |
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== The Effect of Palestinian Aggression on Palestinian Woman == |
== The Effect of Palestinian Aggression on Palestinian Woman == |
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Palestinian women may be slain by their families in [[honor killings]] to avert perceived social stigma. Family honor is a mitigating circumstance and sentences for the convicted are more lenient than for other murders.<ref name="aj_25mar2014">{{cite news|title=Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/upsurge-palestinian-honour-killings-gaza-201432372831899701.html|accessdate=3 November 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="reuters_11dec2013">{{cite news|title=Palestinians see worrisome trend in 'honor' killings rise|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-women-killing-idUSBRE9BA06420131211|accessdate=3 November 2016|publisher=Reuters|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> |
Palestinian women may be slain by their families in [[honor killings]] to avert perceived social stigma. Family honor is a mitigating circumstance and sentences for the convicted are more lenient than for other murders.<ref name="aj_25mar2014">{{cite news|title=Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/upsurge-palestinian-honour-killings-gaza-201432372831899701.html|accessdate=3 November 2016|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=25 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="reuters_11dec2013">{{cite news|title=Palestinians see worrisome trend in 'honor' killings rise|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-women-killing-idUSBRE9BA06420131211|accessdate=3 November 2016|publisher=Reuters|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | However, there had been a gradual change in the attitudes of parents regarding the education of their Palestinian daughters since the middle of the 1970s. From the middle part of the 1970s, several numbers of Palestinian women achieved education from universities, instead of only receiving education at the secondary level. Reasons for the change of parental attitude were the "increased demand for women on the labour market", changes in the status of the economy in the [[West Bank]] territory, the "economic interests" of the parents, and the idea that a well-educated Palestinian woman has a better place and opportunity on the "marriage market". In addition to this, armed with earned education, an unmarried.<ref name=Hushara>Manasra, Najah. [http://www.dhushara.com/book/zulu/islamp/ash/ash.htm Palestinian Women: Between Tradition and Revolution]</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Palestinian women have a long history of involvement in resistance movements inside the Occupied Territories and in countries such as [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], and [[Lebanon]]. They established many feminist-nationalist organizations, including the Palestinian Federation of Women's Action Committees in the West Bank and Gaza.<ref>Hasso, Frances S. [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Resistance-Repression-Politics-Occupied-Palestine/dp/0815630875/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1381967033&sr=1-2&keywords=Hasso+Frances Resistance, Repression, and Gender Politics in Occupied Palestine and Jordan] (Syracuse University Press 2005).</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Despite the change in parental views, however, contemporary women in Palestine are reported to be experiencing adversity due to political discord, [[Israeli occupation]], and the "denial of full rights and protection by Palestinian society" in general.<ref name=BBC>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4394253.stm Palestinian women 'suffer doubly'], BBC News, March 31, 2005</ref> |
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| ⚫ | A survey by the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] from 2011 showed that 35 percent of married women in Gaza had been on the receiving end of physical violence by their husband during the previous twelve months and that 40 percent of unmarried women had been physically abused by a member of their household.<ref name = "AJE women">{{Cite news |last = Odgaard |first = Lena |date = 25 March 2014 |title = Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings' |url = http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/03/upsurge-palestinian-honour-killings-gaza-201432372831899701.html |work = [[Al Jazeera English]] |accessdate = 25 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2013, [[UNRWA]] canceled its annual marathon in Gaza after Hamas rulers prohibited women, including Palestinian women from Gaza, to participate in the race.<ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-ban-on-women/ UN Cancels Gaza Marathon]</ref> |
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Currently, in the West Bank, there are ten specialized Family Protection Units (FPU) operating. The FPU protects families, specifically women, and children, and ensure that the rule of law is upheld. |
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There are 4 anti-violence centers in Palestine: Mehwar Centre in Bethlehem, functioning under the umbrella of the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Family Defense Society shelter in Nablus, the Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling emergency shelter in Jericho and Al-Hayat Centre in Gaza.<ref>PCBS (2012), Violence Survey in Palestinian Society 2011.http://palestine.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures#_ftnref1</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Palestine women's national football team]] |
*[[Palestine women's national football team]] |
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Revision as of 18:27, 17 November 2016
[1] Women in Judea and Samaria are constantly held back in life due to the oppressive nature of the patriarchal society. However, there had been a gradual change in the attitudes of parents regarding the education of their Palestinian daughters since the middle of the 1970s. From the middle part of the 1970s, several numbers of Palestinian women achieved education from universities, instead of only receiving education at the secondary level. Reasons for the change of parental attitude were the "increased demand for women on the labour market", changes in the status of the economy in the West Bank territory, the "economic interests" of the parents, and the idea that a well-educated Palestinian woman has a better place and opportunity on the "marriage market". In addition to this, armed with earned education, an unmarried.[1]
Palestinian women have a long history of involvement in resistance movements inside the Occupied Territories and in countries such as Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. They established many feminist-nationalist organizations, including the Palestinian Federation of Women's Action Committees in the West Bank and Gaza.[2]
Despite of the change in parental views, however, contemporary women in Palestine are reported to be experiencing adversity due to political discord, Israeli occupation, and the "denial of full rights and protection by Palestinian society" in general.[3]
A survey by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics from 2011 showed that 35 percent of married women in Gaza had been on the receiving end of physical violence by their husband during the previous twelve months, and that 40 percent of unmarried women had been physically abused by a member of their household.[4] In 2013, UNRWA canceled its annual marathon in Gaza after Hamas rulers prohibited women, including Palestinian women from Gaza, to participate in the race.[5]
The Effect of Palestinian Aggression on Palestinian Woman
Palestinian women may be slain by their families in honor killings to avert perceived social stigma. Family honor is a mitigating circumstance and sentences for the convicted are more lenient than for other murders.[6][7]
See also
- Palestine women's national football team
- General Union of Palestinian Women
- Palestinian costumes
- Islamic marital practices
References
- ^ Manasra, Najah. Palestinian Women: Between Tradition and Revolution
- ^ Hasso, Frances S. Resistance, Repression, and Gender Politics in Occupied Palestine and Jordan (Syracuse University Press 2005).
- ^ Palestinian women 'suffer doubly', BBC News, March 31, 2005
- ^ Odgaard, Lena (25 March 2014). "Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings'". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ UN Cancels Gaza Marathon
- ^ "Upsurge in Palestinian 'honour killings'". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ "Palestinians see worrisome trend in 'honor' killings rise". Reuters. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
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