George Gray (chemist): Difference between revisions
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In 1973, in conjunction with the [[Royal Radar Establishment]], he showed that [[4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl]] possessed a stable [[nematic]] phase at room temperature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/article/245 |title=George Gray: Liquid Perfection |publisher=Null Hypothesis |date= |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> This compound and other long-lasting cyano-biphenyls made the [[twisted nematic field effect|twisted nematic]] display ([[Liquid crystal display|LCD]]) popular. Gray wrote the first English book covering the subject of liquid crystals, ''"Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals"'', published in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://liqcryst.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/lcionline/liqcryst/lchistory/topics/c13b12.html |title=Applications of Liquid Crystals |publisher=Liquid Crystal Group, University of Hamburg |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010528144646/http://liqcryst.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/lcionline/liqcryst/lchistory/topics/c13b12.html |archivedate = 2001-05-28}}</ref> |
In 1973, in conjunction with the [[Royal Radar Establishment]], he showed that [[4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl]] possessed a stable [[nematic]] phase at room temperature.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/article/245 |title=George Gray: Liquid Perfection |publisher=Null Hypothesis |date= |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> This compound and other long-lasting cyano-biphenyls made the [[twisted nematic field effect|twisted nematic]] display ([[Liquid crystal display|LCD]]) popular. Gray wrote the first English book covering the subject of liquid crystals, ''"Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals"'', published in 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://liqcryst.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/lcionline/liqcryst/lchistory/topics/c13b12.html |title=Applications of Liquid Crystals |publisher=Liquid Crystal Group, University of Hamburg |date=2001-05-28 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010528144646/http://liqcryst.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/lcionline/liqcryst/lchistory/topics/c13b12.html |archivedate = 2001-05-28}}</ref> |
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Gray was recipient of the 1995 [[Kyoto Prize]] for Advanced Technology and was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1991. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1983, and in 1987 was awarded the [[Leverhulme Medal of the Royal Society]]. In 1979 he was awarded the [[Rank Prize for Opto-electronics]] and in 1996 the [[SID Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize]]. The University of Hull was the first university to be awarded the [[Queen's Award for Technological Achievement]], in 1979, for the liquid crystal joint-development work.<ref name=gray-reminiscences/> Gray has been a Director of the International Liquid Crystal Society. Members of the [[British Liquid Crystal Society]] honoured his achievements by establishing the ''George W. Gray Medal'' for contributions to liquid crystal research and technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lci.kent.edu/events.html#Gray |title=Upcoming Events - George W. Gray |publisher=Liquid Crystal Institute, kent State University |date=1997-06-06 |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> |
Gray was recipient of the 1995 [[Kyoto Prize]] for Advanced Technology and was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1991. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1983, and in 1987 was awarded the [[Leverhulme Medal of the Royal Society]]. In 1979 he was awarded the [[Rank Prize for Opto-electronics]] and in 1996 the [[SID Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize]]. The University of Hull was the first university to be awarded the [[Queen's Award for Technological Achievement]], in 1979, for the liquid crystal joint-development work.<ref name=gray-reminiscences/> Gray has been a Director of the International Liquid Crystal Society. Members of the [[British Liquid Crystal Society]] honoured his achievements by establishing the ''George W. Gray Medal'' for contributions to liquid crystal research and technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lci.kent.edu/events.html#Gray |title=Upcoming Events - George W. Gray |publisher=Liquid Crystal Institute, kent State University |date=1997-06-06 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040040/http://www.lci.kent.edu/events.html |archivedate=2011-07-19 |df= }}</ref> |
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In March 2013, the [[University of Hull]] celebrated the 40th anniversary of Gray's seminal paper being published on 22 March 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/newsandevents-1/newsarchive/2013newsarchive/march/inspiredinhull40yearsago.aspx |title=The screen you're reading this on was inspired in Hull 40 years ago... |publisher=University of Hull |date=20 March 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2013}}</ref> |
In March 2013, the [[University of Hull]] celebrated the 40th anniversary of Gray's seminal paper being published on 22 March 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/newsandevents-1/newsarchive/2013newsarchive/march/inspiredinhull40yearsago.aspx |title=The screen you're reading this on was inspired in Hull 40 years ago... |publisher=University of Hull |date=20 March 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2013}}</ref> |
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[[Hull Trains]] named their first [[British Rail Class 222]] 'Pioneer' [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]] ''Professor George Gray'' in recognition of his achievements in the modern history of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hulltrains.co.uk/our_trains.html |title=New fleet named to celebrate modern "Pioneers" |publisher=Hull Trains |date=2007-04-17 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070417033622/http://www.hulltrains.co.uk/our_trains.html |archivedate = 2007-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorklc.com/news.php?news=2 |title=George Gray honoured as a "Hull Pioneer" |author=Martin A. Bates |publisher=The Liquid Crystal & Advanced Materials Group, University of York |date=2005-07-01 |accessdate=2010-05-02}}</ref> |
[[Hull Trains]] named their first [[British Rail Class 222]] 'Pioneer' [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]] ''Professor George Gray'' in recognition of his achievements in the modern history of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hulltrains.co.uk/our_trains.html |title=New fleet named to celebrate modern "Pioneers" |publisher=Hull Trains |date=2007-04-17 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070417033622/http://www.hulltrains.co.uk/our_trains.html |archivedate = 2007-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorklc.com/news.php?news=2 |title=George Gray honoured as a "Hull Pioneer" |author=Martin A. Bates |publisher=The Liquid Crystal & Advanced Materials Group, University of York |date=2005-07-01 |accessdate=2010-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718142549/http://www.yorklc.com/news.php?news=2 |archivedate=2011-07-18 |df= }}</ref> |
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==Private life== |
==Private life== |
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Revision as of 10:23, 10 January 2017
George William Gray CBE, FRS (4 September 1926 – 12 May 2013)[1] was a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Hull who was instrumental in developing the long-lasting materials which made liquid crystal displays possible. He created and systematised the liquid crystal materials science, and established a method of practical molecular design.[2]
Education and career
Born in Denny, Scotland,[3] Gray was educated at the University of Glasgow and while working as an assistant lecturer at the University College in Hull (then part of the University of London) obtained his PhD in 1953.[4]
He developed his academic career at the college, which became the University of Hull in 1954, from 1946 to 1990. He was appointed senior lecturer in 1960, Professor of Organic Chemistry in 1974, and GF Grant Professor of Chemistry in 1984.[4] He remained an Emeritus Professor at Hull.[5]
In 1990 he joined the chemical company Merck, then became an independent consultant in 1996.[4]
Liquid crystals
In 1973, in conjunction with the Royal Radar Establishment, he showed that 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl possessed a stable nematic phase at room temperature.[6] This compound and other long-lasting cyano-biphenyls made the twisted nematic display (LCD) popular. Gray wrote the first English book covering the subject of liquid crystals, "Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals", published in 1962.[7]
Gray was recipient of the 1995 Kyoto Prize for Advanced Technology and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1991. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1983, and in 1987 was awarded the Leverhulme Medal of the Royal Society. In 1979 he was awarded the Rank Prize for Opto-electronics and in 1996 the SID Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize. The University of Hull was the first university to be awarded the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement, in 1979, for the liquid crystal joint-development work.[5] Gray has been a Director of the International Liquid Crystal Society. Members of the British Liquid Crystal Society honoured his achievements by establishing the George W. Gray Medal for contributions to liquid crystal research and technology.[8]
In March 2013, the University of Hull celebrated the 40th anniversary of Gray's seminal paper being published on 22 March 1973.[9]
Hull Trains named their first British Rail Class 222 'Pioneer' high-speed train Professor George Gray in recognition of his achievements in the modern history of Hull.[10][11]
Private life
In 1953 George Gray married Marjorie Canavan, who died two weeks before her husband. They had three daughters.[4]
References
- ^ ‘Reminiscences from a life with liquid crystals’, by George W. Gray Chemistry Arena, 2013-05-14, retrieved 2013-05-17
- ^ "George William Gray - Biography". The 1995 Kyoto Prize - Advanced Technology. Inamori Foundation. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ John Goodby and Peter Raynes (21 May 2013). "George Gray obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Obitury: Professor George Gray". Daily Telegraph. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ a b George W. Gray (January 1998). "Reminiscences from a life with liquid crystals". Liquid Crystals. 24 (1). Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/026782998207523. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ^ "George Gray: Liquid Perfection". Null Hypothesis. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "Applications of Liquid Crystals". Liquid Crystal Group, University of Hamburg. 2001-05-28. Archived from the original on 2001-05-28. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ "Upcoming Events - George W. Gray". Liquid Crystal Institute, kent State University. 1997-06-06. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The screen you're reading this on was inspired in Hull 40 years ago..." University of Hull. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ "New fleet named to celebrate modern "Pioneers"". Hull Trains. 2007-04-17. Archived from the original on 2007-04-17. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
- ^ Martin A. Bates (2005-07-01). "George Gray honoured as a "Hull Pioneer"". The Liquid Crystal & Advanced Materials Group, University of York. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
Further reading
- David Dunmur & Tim Sluckin (2011) Soap, Science, and Flat-screen TVs: a history of liquid crystals, pp 201,221–5, Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-954940-5
External links
- The History of Liquid Crystals at the University of Hull
- George William Gray, Kyoto Prize biography
- George William Gray, Kyoto Prize citation
- George Gray - Liquid Perfection
- Interview With George Gray, The Vega Science Trust
- The history of liquid-crystal displays, Hirohisa Kawamoto, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 4, April 2002
- G. W. Gray, K. J. Harrison, J. A. Nash "New family of nematic liquid crystals for displays" Electronics Lett. 9 (1973) 130
- Celebrating 40 years of LCD research, University of Hull
