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==Further legal difficulties==
==Further legal difficulties==
Questions surfaced about the value of the instruments he had donated to the Smithsonian and the NJSO. Although the instruments were all old and valuable, several unnamed experts determined them not to be the instruments he represented them as, and not to be as valuable as he claimed. He was said to have invented histories for the instruments to explain away doubts or to increase their worth.<ref name="Star-Ledger"/> On April 13, 2004, Axelrod was indicted in [[United States district court|federal court]] in New Jersey, accused of funnelling millions of dollars into [[Banking in Switzerland|Swiss bank accounts]] over 20 years without paying taxes. The following April 21, he failed to appear for his arraignment, having fled to Cuba.<ref name="urlRIN:319 Indicted Violin Donor Flees To Cuba -Axelrod"/> He was arrested in Berlin on June 15, 2004 as he got off a plane from Switzerland,<ref name="Star-Ledger">{{cite web |date=August 2, 2004|author=MARK MUELLER|url=http://www.nj.com/specialprojects/index.ssf?/specialprojects/falsenotes/falsenotes1.html |title=False Notes |work=NJ.com: Special Projects [[Star-Ledger]] |accessdate=2008-12-14}}</ref> and then extradited to the United States. On March 21, 2005 he was sentenced in U.S. court to 18 months in prison for tax fraud.<ref name="urlBRIEFINGS: JUSTICE; PHILANTHROPIST SENTENCED - New York Times">{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E1DE153FF934A15750C0A9639C8B63 |title=BRIEFINGS: JUSTICE; PHILANTHROPIST SENTENCED - New York Times |work= The New York Times|accessdate=2008-12-15 | first=Ronald | last=Smothers | date=March 27, 2005}}</ref><ref name="urlclassical music - andante - herbert axelrod, who sold strads to new jersey symphony, sentenced to prison for tax fraud">{{cite web |url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=25300 |title=classical music - andante - herbert axelrod, who sold strads to new jersey symphony, sentenced to prison for tax fraud |work= |accessdate=2008-12-15}}</ref>
Questions surfaced about the value of the instruments he had donated to the Smithsonian and the NJSO. Although the instruments were all old and valuable, several unnamed experts determined them not to be the instruments he represented them as, and not to be as valuable as he claimed. He was said to have invented histories for the instruments to explain away doubts or to increase their worth.<ref name="Star-Ledger"/> On April 13, 2004, Axelrod was indicted in [[United States district court|federal court]] in New Jersey, accused of funnelling millions of dollars into [[Banking in Switzerland|Swiss bank accounts]] over 20 years without paying taxes. The following April 21, he failed to appear for his arraignment, having fled to Cuba.<ref name="urlRIN:319 Indicted Violin Donor Flees To Cuba -Axelrod"/> He was arrested in Berlin on June 15, 2004 as he got off a plane from Switzerland,<ref name="Star-Ledger">{{cite web |date=August 2, 2004|author=MARK MUELLER|url=http://www.nj.com/specialprojects/index.ssf?/specialprojects/falsenotes/falsenotes1.html |title=False Notes |work=NJ.com: Special Projects [[Star-Ledger]] |accessdate=2008-12-14}}</ref> and then extradited to the United States. On March 21, 2005 he was sentenced in U.S. court to 18 months in prison for tax fraud.<ref name="urlBRIEFINGS: JUSTICE; PHILANTHROPIST SENTENCED - New York Times">{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E1DE153FF934A15750C0A9639C8B63 |title=BRIEFINGS: JUSTICE; PHILANTHROPIST SENTENCED - New York Times |work= The New York Times|accessdate=2008-12-15 | first=Ronald | last=Smothers | date=March 27, 2005}}</ref><ref name="urlclassical music - andante - herbert axelrod, who sold strads to new jersey symphony, sentenced to prison for tax fraud">{{cite web|url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=25300 |title=classical music - andante - herbert axelrod, who sold strads to new jersey symphony, sentenced to prison for tax fraud |work= |accessdate=2008-12-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060130001644/http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=25300 |archivedate=2006-01-30 |df= }}</ref>


==Selected publications==
==Selected publications==

Revision as of 10:08, 1 April 2017

Herbert R. Axelrod
Born (1927-06-07) June 7, 1927 (age 97)
Bayonne, New Jersey
CitizenshipUnited States
EducationPh.D.
Alma materNew York University
Occupation(s)tropical fish expert, publisher of pet books, musical instrument collector, and entrepreneur

Herbert Richard Axelrod (born June 7, 1927 in Bayonne, New Jersey) is a tropical fish expert, and formerly a publisher of pet books and an entrepreneur. In 2005 he was sentenced in U.S. court to 18 months in prison for tax fraud.

Early life

Axelrod was born to a Jewish family[1] in New Jersey, the son of immigrant parents from Russia. His father was a mathematics and violin teacher, and his mother was a civilian employee of the U.S. Navy.[citation needed]

Publishing empire

While in Korea he wrote his book The Handbook of Tropical Aquarium Fishes. After returning from Korea, Axelrod earned a Ph.D. at New York University and started the magazine Tropical Fish Hobbyist. He wrote many other books on tropical fish and founded a publishing firm, TFH Publications (named for the magazine) that became the largest publisher of pet books in the world.[citation needed] TFH Publications was headquartered first in Jersey City, New Jersey, then in Neptune, New Jersey.

In 1989 he donated his collection of fossil fish to the University of Guelph,[2] which the university says is one of the largest donations by an individual to a Canadian university.[3] The Axelrod Institute of Ichthyology at that university was named for him. The University of Guelph also named a lecture hall after him, the Axelrod Building, but in 2010 renamed the Alexander Building, after Lincoln Alexander.[4] Leonard P. Schultz described the cardinal tetra, a popular aquarium fish, which had been found by Harald Sioli in Brazil in 1953, and gave it its scientific name, Paracheirodon axelrodi, which honors Axelrod.[5]

In 1997 Axelrod sold TFH Publications to Central Garden & Pet Company of California for $70 million. The contract included potential payouts to Axelrod if TFH reached earnings targets after the sale. He sued under that provision, accusing Central Garden of suppressing earnings to avoid paying the extra money. The following year, however, the purchaser filed a countersuit against him, claiming that he had grossly and illegally inflated the value of the company before the purchase.[6] On September 1, 2005, Axelrod was ordered to pay Central Garden & Pet Company $16.4 million (net, after deducting $3.7 million the company was ordered to pay Axelrod due to earnings targets).[7]

Musical instruments collection

The Axelrod quartet, on display in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History

Axelrod, a violinist himself, assembled a large collection of old and rare stringed instruments, including the Hellier Stradivarius. In 1975 he bought his first Stradivarius violin.[2] In 1998 he donated four Stradivari instruments — two violins, a viola and a cello — to the Smithsonian Institution. Known as the Axelrod quartet, their value was estimated at $50 million.[2] In February 2003 he sold about 30 other instruments to the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra (NJSO) for $18 million. This collection was estimated to be worth $49 million. (Axelrod was a long-time supporter of the NJSO.)

Further legal difficulties

Questions surfaced about the value of the instruments he had donated to the Smithsonian and the NJSO. Although the instruments were all old and valuable, several unnamed experts determined them not to be the instruments he represented them as, and not to be as valuable as he claimed. He was said to have invented histories for the instruments to explain away doubts or to increase their worth.[8] On April 13, 2004, Axelrod was indicted in federal court in New Jersey, accused of funnelling millions of dollars into Swiss bank accounts over 20 years without paying taxes. The following April 21, he failed to appear for his arraignment, having fled to Cuba.[2] He was arrested in Berlin on June 15, 2004 as he got off a plane from Switzerland,[8] and then extradited to the United States. On March 21, 2005 he was sentenced in U.S. court to 18 months in prison for tax fraud.[9][10]

Selected publications

  • Handbook of Tropical Aquarium Fishes, McGraw-Hill, 1955.
  • Saltwater Aquarium Fishes, TFH Publications, 1987. ISBN 0-86622-499-8
  • Lovebirds As a New Pet, TFH Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-86622-617-6
  • Swordtails and Platies, TFH Publications, 1991. ISBN 0-86622-090-9
  • African Cichlids of Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, TFH Publications, 1988. ISBN 0-87666-021-9
  • Aquarium Fishes of the World, TFH Publications, 1998. ISBN 0-7938-0493-0
  • Dr. Axelrod's Atlas of Freshwater Aquarium Fishes, TFH Publications, 2004. ISBN 0-7938-0033-1

References

  1. ^ Jewish Telegraph Agency: "Among America’s Mega- Donors, Many Jews, but Few Gifts to Jews" February 24, 2004
  2. ^ a b c d "Indicted Violin Donor Flees To Cuba -Axelrod". Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  3. ^ Axelrod page at the University of Guelph
  4. ^ U of G Honours Lincoln Alexander - News Release November 03, 2010
  5. ^ "Cardinal Tetra at Animal World". Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  6. ^ Cave, Damien (November 13, 2004). "The New York Times > New York Region > Once a Violin-Collecting Philanthropist, Now a Prisoner: A Fugitive Is Brought to Court". Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  7. ^ "Jurors decide Axelrod must pay $20.2M". Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  8. ^ a b MARK MUELLER (August 2, 2004). "False Notes". NJ.com: Special Projects Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  9. ^ Smothers, Ronald (March 27, 2005). "BRIEFINGS: JUSTICE; PHILANTHROPIST SENTENCED - New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  10. ^ "classical music - andante - herbert axelrod, who sold strads to new jersey symphony, sentenced to prison for tax fraud". Archived from the original on 2006-01-30. Retrieved 2008-12-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

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